Offi-Guid-TOEFL
.pdf
83)*0 M&8 7TIEOMRK
)\EQTPI 8LI JSPPS[MRK I\EQTPI WLS[W LS[ ]SY [SYPH LIEV ERH WII XLMW XEWO SR ]SYV GSQ
TYXIV
=SY [MPP LIEV
2EVVEXSV
-R XLMW UYIWXMSR ]SY [MPP PMWXIR XS E GSRZIVWEXMSR =SY [MPP XLIR FI EWOIH XS XEPO EFSYX XLI MRJSVQEXMSR MR XLI GSRZIVWEXMSR ERH XS KMZI ]SYV STMRMSR EFSYX XLI MHIEW TVI WIRXIH %JXIV ]SY LIEV XLI UYIWXMSR ]SY [MPP LEZI WIGSRHW XS TVITEVI ]SYV VIWTSRWI ERH WIGSRHW XS WTIEO
8LIR E TMGXYVI SJ X[S WXYHIRXW [MPP ETTIEV SR XLI WGVIIR
8LIR ]SY [MPP LIEV XLI GSRZIVWEXMSR
1ER
,I] 0MWE LS[tW MX KSMRK#
;SQER
,M 1EVO 9L -tQ 3/ - KYIWW FYX Q] WGLSSP[SVO MW VIEPP] WXVIWWMRK QI SYX
1ER
=IEL# ;LEXtW [VSRK#
83)*0 M&8 7TIEOMRK
;SQER
;IPP -tZI KSX E TETIV XS [VMXI ERH X[S I\EQW XS WXYH] JSV %RH E FYRGL SJ QEXL TVSF PIQW XS JMRMWL -XtW NYWX WS QYGL XLEX - GERtX GSRGIRXVEXI SR ER] SJ MX - WXEVX GSRGIRXVEX MRK SR WXYH]MRK JSV SRI SJ Q] I\EQW ERH XLIR -tQ PMOI LS[ PSRKtW MX KSRRE XEOI XS JMRMWL XLEX TVSFPIQ WIX#
1ER
;S[ 7SYRHW PMOI ]SYtZI KSX E PSX QSVI [SVO XLER ]SY GER LERHPI VMKLX RS[ 
0SSO LEZI ]SY XEPOIH XS WSQI SJ ]SYV TVSJIWWSVW QIER ]SY ORS[ XV] XS I\TPEMR XLI TVSFPIQ 0SSO ]SY GSYPH TVSFEFP] KIX ER I\XIR
WMSR SR ]SYV TETIV SV SR XLI QEXL EWWMKRQIRX
;SQER
=SY XLMRO# -X [SYPH KMZI QI E PMXXPI QSVI XMQI XS TVITEVI JSV Q] I\EQW VMKLX RS[
1ER
;IPP - QIER ERSXLIV XLMRK XLEX ]SY QMKLX HS - QIER LEZI ]SY XVMIH QEOMRK ]SYV
WIPJ E WGLIHYPI# - QIER XLEXtW [LEX - HS [LIR -tQ JIIPMRK SZIV[LIPQIH
;SQER
;LEX HSIW XLEX HS JSV ]SY#
1ER
;IPP - QIER MX LIPTW ]SY XS JSGYW ]SYV IRIVKMIW =SY ORS[ ]SY QEOI ]SYVWIPJ E GLEVX XLEX WLS[W XLI RI\X JI[ HE]W ERH XLI XMQI XMPP ]SYV WXYJJ MW HYI ERH
;SQER
9L LYL 
1ER
- QIER XLMRO EFSYX [LEX ]SY RIIH XS HS ERH [LIR ]SY LEZI XS HS MX F] =SY ORS[ XLIR WXEVX JMPPMRK MR ]SYV WGLIHYPIhPMOI EPP VMKLX ?RMRIA XS ?IPIZIR XLMVX]A % 1 WXYH] JSV I\EQ ?X[IPZIA XS ?XLVIIA [SVO SR TVSFPIQ WIX &YX - QIER HSRtX QEOI XLI XMQI TIVMSHW XSS PSRK 0MOI HSRtX TYX MR IMKLX LSYVW SJ WXYH]MRKh]SY ORS[ ]SYtPP KIX XMVIH SV WXEVX [SVV]MRK EFSYX ]SYV SXLIV [SVO EKEMR &YX MJ ]SY OIIT XS ]SYV WGLIHYPI ]SY ORS[ ]SYtPP NYWX LEZI XS [SVV] EFSYX SRI XLMRK EX E XMQI
;SQER
=IEL XLEX QMKLX [SVO 
;LIR XLI GSRZIVWEXMSR LEW IRHIH XLI TMGXYVI SJ XLI X[S WXYHIRXW [MPP FI VITPEGIH F] E WGVIIR MRWXVYGXMRK ]SY XS KIX VIEH] XS ERW[IV XLI UYIWXMSR 8LIR XLI UYIW XMSR [MPP ETTIEV SR XLI WGVIIR ERH [MPP FI VIEH EPSYH F] XLI REVVEXSV
83)*0 M&8 7TIEOMRK
8LI WXYHIRXW HMWGYWW X[S TSWWMFPI WSPYXMSRW XS XLI [SQERtW TVSFPIQ (IWGVMFI XLI TVSFPIQ 8LIR WXEXI [LMGL SJ XLI X[S WSPYXMSRW ]SY TVIJIV ERH I\TPEMR [L]
4VITEVEXMSR 8MQI 7IGSRHW 6IWTSRWI 8MQI 7IGSRHW
%JXIV ]SY LIEV XLI UYIWXMSR ]SY [MPP FI XSPH [LIR XS FIKMR XS TVITEVI ]SYV VIWTSRWI ERH [LIR XS FIKMR WTIEOMRK % q4VITEVEXMSR 8MQIr GPSGO [MPP ETTIEV FIPS[ XLI UYIWXMSR ERH FIKMR XS GSYRX HS[R JVSQ WIGSRHW %X XLI IRH SJ WIGSRHW ]SY [MPP LIEV E WLSVX FIIT %JXIV XLI FIIT XLI GPSGO [MPP GLERKI XS VIEH q6IWTSRWI 8MQIr ERH [MPP FIKMR XS GSYRX HS[R JVSQ WIGSRHW;LIR XLI VIWTSRWI XMQI LEW IRHIH VIGSVHMRK [MPP WXST ERH E RI[ WGVIIR [MPP ETTIEV EPIVXMRK ]SY XLEX XLI VIWTSRWI XMQI LEW IRHIH
8S ERW[IV XLMW UYIWXMSR ]SY WLSYPH FIKMR F] FVMIJP] HIWGVMFMRK XLI [SQERt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qVMKLXr SV q[VSRKr GLSMGI
5YIWXMSR
8LMW MRXIKVEXIH XEWO XLI PEWX SJ XLI WM\ 7TIEOMRK XEWOW MW FEWIH SR EGEHIQMG GSR XIRX *SV XLMW XEWO ]SY [MPP JMVWX PMWXIR XS E TVSJIWWSV TVIWIRX E FVMIJ I\GIVTX JVSQ E PIGXYVI SR ER EGEHIQMG WYFNIGX ERH XLIR ]SY [MPP FI EWOIH E UYIWXMSR EFSYX [LEX ]SY LEZI LIEVH =SY [MPP LEZI WIGSRHW MR [LMGL XS KMZI ]SYV WTSOIR VIWTSRWI
%W [MXL 5YIWXMSR XLI SXLIV 7TIEOMRK XEWO XLEX MW FEWIH SR EGEHIQMG GSR XIRX XLI XSTMGW JSV XLMW UYIWXMSR EVI HVE[R JVSQ E ZEVMIX] SJ JMIPHW [MXLMR XLI PMJI WGMIRGIW WSGMEP WGMIRGIW TL]WMGEP WGMIRGIW ERH XLI LYQERMXMIW ,IVI XSS RS TVMSV ORS[PIHKI SJ ER] EGEHIQMG JMIPH MR TEVXMGYPEV MW VIUYMVIH JSV ]SY XS YRHIV WXERH XLI PIGXYVI SV ERW[IV XLI UYIWXMSR
83)*0 M&8 7TIEOMRK
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
8LI PIGXYVIW GER FI EFSYX TVSGIWWIW QIXLSHW XLISVMIW MHIEW SV TLIRSQIRE SJ ER] X]TIhREXYVEP WSGMEP TW]GLSPSKMGEP IXG -J E PIGXYVI MW EFSYX E TVSGIWW XLI TVSJIWWSV QMKLX I\TPEMR XLI TVSGIWW F] HIWGVMFMRK WSQI SJ MXW JYRGXMSRW -R E PIG XYVI EFSYX E XLISV] XLI TVSJIWWSV QMKLX I\TPEMR XLI XLISV] F] HIWGVMFMRK MXW ETTPM GEXMSRW -R E PIGXYVI EFSYX E TLIRSQIRSR XLI TVSJIWWSV QMKLX I\TPEMR MX XLVSYKL I\EQTPIW XLEX MPPYWXVEXI MXW GEYWIW SV MXW IJJIGXW
8MT
*MRH E XI\XFSSO XLEX MRGPYHIW UYIWXMSRW EFSYX XLI QEXIVMEP EX XLI IRH SJ GLETXIVW IXG 4VEGXMGI ERW[IVMRK XLI UYIWXMSRW SVEPP]
-R XLI WEQTPI 5YIWXMSR KMZIR FIPS[ XLI PIGXYVI MW EFSYX E WSGMEP TLIRSQI RSRhXLI IQIVKIRGI SJ E REXMSREP GYPXYVI MR XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW MR XLI IEVP] X[IR XMIXL GIRXYV] 8LI TVSJIWWSV MPPYWXVEXIW XLMW TLIRSQIRSR F] HIWGVMFMRK X[S SJ MXW GEYWIWhVEHMS ERH XLI EYXSQSFMPIhERH LS[ XLI] GSRXVMFYXIH XS MX %JXIV ]SY LIEV XLI PIGXYVI ]SY EVI EWOIH XS YWI MRJSVQEXMSR JVSQ XLI PIGXYVI XS I\TPEMR LS[ XLI X[S GEYWIW GSRXVMFYXIH XS XLI JSVQEXMSR SJ E REXMSREP GYPXYVI
)\EQTPI 8LI JSPPS[MRK I\EQTPI WLS[W LS[ E UYIWXMSR SJ XLMW X]TI [MPP FI TVIWIRXIH XS ]SY SR ]SYV GSQTYXIV
*MVWX ]SY [MPP LIEV XLI REVVEXSV WE] XLMW
2EVVEXSV
-R XLMW UYIWXMSR ]SY [MPP PMWXIR XS TEVX SJ E PIGXYVI =SY [MPP XLIR FI EWOIH XS WYQQE
VM^I MQTSVXERX MRJSVQEXMSR JVSQ XLI PIGXYVI %JXIV ]SY LIEV XLI UYIWXMSR ]SY [MPP LEZI
WIGSRHW XS TVITEVI ]SYV VIWTSRWI ERH WIGSRHW XS WTIEO
8LIR E TMGXYVI SJ E TVSJIWWSV WXERHMRK MR JVSRX SJ E GPEWW SJ WXYHIRXW [MPP ETTIEV SR ]SYV WGVIIR ERH ]SY [MPP LIEV XLI REVVEXSV WE]
2EVVEXSV
2S[ PMWXIR XS TEVX SJ E XEPO MR E 9RMXIH 7XEXIW LMWXSV] GPEWW
8LI TVSJIWWSV [MPP XLIR FIKMR XLI PIGXYVI
4VSJIWWSV
&IGEYWI XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW MW WYGL E PEVKI GSYRXV] MX XSSO XMQI JSV E GSQQSR REXMSREP GYPXYVI XS IQIVKI 3RI LYRHVIH ]IEVW EKS XLIVI [EW ZIV] PMXXPI GSQQYRMGEXMSR EQSRK XLI HMJJIVIRX VIKMSRW SJ XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW 3RI VIWYPX SJ XLMW PEGO SJ GSQQYRM
83)*0 M&8 7TIEOMRK
GEXMSR [EW XLEX TISTPI EVSYRH XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW LEH ZIV] PMXXPI MR GSQQSR [MXL SRI ERSXLIV 4ISTPI MR HMJJIVIRX TEVXW SJ XLI GSYRXV] WTSOI HMJJIVIRXP] HVIWWIH HMJJIVIRXP] ERH FILEZIH HMJJIVIRXP] &YX GSRRIGXMSRW EQSRK %QIVMGERW FIKER XS MRGVIEWI XLEROW XS X[S XIGLRSPSKMGEP MRRSZEXMSRW XLI EYXSQSFMPI ERH XLI VEHMS
%YXSQSFMPIW FIKER XS FI QEWW TVSHYGIH MR XLI tW [LMGL QIERX XLI] FIGEQI PIWW I\TIRWMZI ERH QSVI [MHIP] EZEMPEFPI %QIVMGERW MR WQEPP XS[RW ERH VYVEP GSQ QYRMXMIW RS[ LEH XLI EFMPMX] XS XVEZIP [MXL IEWI XS RIEVF] GMXMIW 8LI] GSYPH IZIR XEOI ZEGEXMSRW XS SXLIV TEVXW SJ XLI GSYRXV] 8LI MRGVIEWIH QSFMPMX] TVSZMHIH F] EYXS QSFMPIW GLERKIH TISTPItW EXXMXYHIW ERH GVIEXIH PMROW XLEX LEH RSX I\MWXIH FIJSVI *SV I\EQTPI TISTPI MR WQEPP XS[RW FIKER XS EHSTX FILEZMSVW GPSXLIW ERH WTIIGL XLEX [IVI TSTYPEV MR FMK GMXMIW SV MR SXLIV TEVXW SJ XLI GSYRXV]
%W QSVI %QIVMGERW [IVI TYVGLEWMRK GEVW VEHMS S[RIVWLMT [EW EPWS MRGVIEWMRK HVEQEXMGEPP] %QIVMGERW MR HMJJIVIRX VIKMSRW SJ XLI GSYRXV] FIKER XS PMWXIR XS XLI WEQI TSTYPEV VEHMS TVSKVEQW ERH QYWMGEP EVXMWXW 4ISTPI VITIEXIH XLMRKW XLI] LIEVH SR XLI VEHMShWSQI TLVEWIW ERH WTIIGL TEXXIVRW LIEVH MR WSRKW ERH VEHMS TVSKVEQW FIKER XS FI YWIH F] TISTPI EPP SZIV XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW 4ISTPI EPWS PMWXIRIH XS RI[W VITSVXW SR XLI VEHMS 8LI] LIEVH XLI WEQI RI[W XLVSYKLSYX XLI GSYRXV] [LIVIEW MR RI[WTE TIVW QYGL RI[W XIRHIH XS FI PSGEP 6EHMS FVSYKLX %QIVMGERW XSKIXLIV F] SJJIVMRK XLIQ WLEVIH I\TIVMIRGIW ERH MRJSVQEXMSR EFSYX IZIRXW EVSYRH XLI GSYRXV]
;LIR XLI PIGXYVI LEW IRHIH XLI TMGXYVI SJ XLI TVSJIWWSV [MPP FI VITPEGIH F] E WGVIIR MRWXVYGXMRK ]SY XS KIX VIEH] XS ERW[IV XLI UYIWXMSR 8LIR XLI UYIWXMSR [MPP ETTIEV SR XLI WGVIIR ERH FI VIEH EPSYH EX XLI WEQI XMQI F] XLI REVVEXSV
9WMRK TSMRXW ERH I\EQTPIW JVSQ XLI XEPO I\TPEMR LS[ XLI EYXSQSFMPI ERH XLI VEHMS GSRXVMFYXIH XS E GSQQSR GYPXYVI MR XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW
4VITEVEXMSR 8MQI 7IGSRHW 6IWTSRWI 8MQI 7IGSRHW
%JXIV ]SY LIEV XLI UYIWXMSR ]SY [MPP FI XSPH [LIR XS FIKMR TVITEVMRK ]SYV VIWTSRWI ERH [LIR XS FIKMR WTIEOMRK % q4VITEVEXMSR 8MQIr GPSGO [MPP ETTIEV FIPS[ XLI UYIWXMSR ERH FIKMR XS GSYRX HS[R JVSQ WIGSRHW %X XLI IRH SJ WIGSRHW ]SY [MPP LIEV E WLSVX FIIT %JXIV XLI FIIT XLI GPSGO [MPP GLERKI XS VIEH q6IWTSRWI 8MQIr ERH [MPP FIKMR XS GSYRX HS[R JVSQ WIGSRHW;LIR XLI VIWTSRWI XMQI LEW IRHIH VIGSVHMRK [MPP WXST ERH E RI[ WGVIIR [MPP ETTIEV EPIVXMRK ]SY XLEX XLI VIWTSRWI XMQI LEW IRHIH
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
83)*0 M&8 7TIEOMRK
EGXMRK PMOI TISTPI JVSQ XLSWI SXLIV VIKMSRW ERH WXEVXIH XS HVIWW ERH WTIEO MR XLI WEQI [E] %W JSV XLI VSPI XLEX VEHMS TPE]IH MR XLI IQIVKIRGI SJ E REXMSREP GYPXYVI ]SY GSYPH TSMRX SYX XLEX [LIR VEHMS FIGEQI TSTYPEV TISTPI JVSQ HMJJIVIRX TEVXW SJ XLI GSYRXV] FIKER PMWXIRMRK XS XLI WEQI TVSKVEQW ERH XLI WEQI RI[W VITSVXW ERH FIKER XS WTIEO EPMOI ERH LEZI WMQMPEV I\TIVMIRGIW ERH MHIEW -J ]SY LEZI XMQI ]SY GSYPH GSRGPYHI F] WE]MRK XLEX XLIWI WMQMPEV [E]W SJ WTIEOMRK ERH HVIWW MRK ERH XLMROMRK FIGEQI XLI REXMSREP GYPXYVI SJ XLI 9RMXIH 7XEXIW 6IQIQFIV XLEX ]SY HS RSX RIIH XS VITIEX EPP SJ XLI HIXEMPW TVSZMHIH MR XLI PIGXYVI 8LIVI MW WMQTP] XSS QYGL MRJSVQEXMSR MR XLI PIGXYVI JSV ]SY XS HS XLEX =SY WLSYPH LS[ IZIV GSRZI] IRSYKL MRJSVQEXMSR WS XLEX WSQISRI [LS LEW RSX LIEVH XLI PIGXYVI [SYPH FI EFPI XS JSVQ E GPIEV MHIE SJ [LEX XLI TVSJIWWSV [EW I\TPEMRMRK XS XLI GPEWW
3XLIV PIGXYVIW JSV UYIWXMSR GSYPH MRGPYHI XSTMGW WYGL EW LS[ TISTPI PIEVR ERH XLI GIRXVEP GSRGITX QMKLX FI XLEX PIEVRMRK SGGYVW [LIR X[S IZIRXW EVI EWWS GMEXIH MR XLI FVEMR 8LI TVSJIWWSV [SYPH MPPYWXVEXI XLEX GSRGITX F] HIWGVMFMRK X[S HMJJIVIRX [E]W XLEX IZIRXW GER FI EWWSGMEXIH MR XLI FVEMR ERH ]SY [SYPH FI EWOIH XS YWI TSMRXW ERH I\EQTPIW JVSQ XLI PIGXYVI XS I\TPEMR LS[ XLIWI X[S [E]W SJ EWWSGMEXMRK IZIRXW VIWYPX MR PIEVRMRK 3V MR E PIGXYVI EFSYX QSRI] XLI TVSJIWWSV QMKLX TVSZMHI X[S HMJJIVIRX HIJMRMXMSRW SJ XLI GSRGITX ERH MPPYWXVEXI XLIQ [MXL X[S I\EQTPIW ERH ]SY [SYPH FI EWOIH MR ]SYV VIWTSRWI XS I\TPEMR XLI X[S HIJM RMXMSRW YWMRK XLI X[S I\EQTPIW 8LI UYIWXMSR XLEX JSPPS[W E PIGXYVI PMOI XLMW [SYPH X]TMGEPP] EWO ]SY XS YWI TSMRXW ERH I\EQTPIW XLEX ]SY LIEVH MR XLI PIGXYVI XS I\TPEMR LS[ TISTPI PIEVR SV [LEX XLI HIJMRMXMSRW SJ QSRI] EVI
83)*0 M&8 7TIEOMRK
83)*0 M&8 7TIEOMRK 7GSVMRK 6YFVMG
-RHITIRHIRX 8EWOW 5YIWXMSRW ERH
7GSVI +IRIVEP (IWGVMTXMSR
8LI VIWTSRWI JYPJMPPW XLI HIQERHW SJ XLI XEWO [MXL EX QSWX QMRSV PETWIW MR GSQTPIXIRIWW -X MW LMKLP] MRXIPPMKMFPI ERH I\LMFMXW WYW XEMRIH GSLIVIRX HMWGSYVWI % VI WTSRWI EX XLMW PIZIP MW GLEV EGXIVM^IH F] EPP SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK
(IPMZIV] |
0ERKYEKI 9WI |
8STMG (IZIPSTQIRX |
+IRIVEPP] [IPP TEGIH JPS[ JPYMH I\TVIW WMSR 7TIIGL MW GPIEV -X QE] MRGPYHI QMRSV PETWIW SV QMRSV HMJJMGYPXMIW [MXL TVSRYRGMEXMSR SV MRXSREXMSR TEX XIVRW [LMGL HS RSX EJJIGX MRXIPPMKMFMPMX]
8LI VIWTSRWI HIQSRWXVEXIW IJJIG XMZI YWI SJ KVEQQEV ERH ZSGEFYPEV] -X I\LMFMXW E JEMVP] LMKL HIKVII SJ EYXS QEXMGMX] [MXL KSSH GSRXVSP SJ FEWMG ERH GSQTPI\ WXVYGXYVIWEW ETTVSTVMEXI 7SQI QMRSV SV W]WXIQMG IVVSVW EVI RSXMGIEFPI FYX HS RSX SFWGYVI QIERMRK
6IWTSRWI MW WYW XEMRIH ERH WYJJMGMIRX XS XLI XEWO -X MW KIRIVEPP] [IPP HIZIPSTIH ERH GSLIVIRX VIPEXMSR WLMTW FIX[IIR MHIEW EVI GPIEV SV GPIEV TVSKVIWWMSR SJ MHIEW
8LI VIWTSRWI EH 7TIIGL MW KIRIVEPP] 8LI VIWTSRWI HI 6IWTSRWI MW QSWXP]
HVIWWIW XLI XEWO ET TVSTVMEXIP] FYX QE] JEPP WLSVX SJ FIMRK JYPP] HIZIPSTIH -X MW KIRIVEPP] MRXIPPMKMFPI ERH GSLIVIRX [MXL WSQI JPYMHMX] SJ I\ TVIWWMSR XLSYKL MX I\LMFMXW WSQI RSXMGI EFPI PETWIW MR XLI I\TVIWWMSR SJ MHIEW % VIWTSRWI EX XLMW PIZIP MW GLEVEGXIVM^IH F] EX PIEWX X[S SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK
GPIEV [MXL WSQI JPYMHMX] SJ I\TVIW WMSR XLSYKL QMRSV HMJJMGYPXMIW [MXL TVSRYRGMEXMSR MRXSREXMSR SV TEGMRK EVI RSXMGIEFPI ERH QE] VIUYMVI PMWXIRIV IJJSVX EX XMQIWXLSYKL SZIVEPP MRXIPPMKMFMPMX] MW RSX WMKRMJMGERXP] EJJIGXIH
QSRWXVEXIW JEMVP] EY XSQEXMG ERH IJJIGXMZI YWI SJ KVEQQEV ERH ZSGEFYPEV] ERH JEMVP] GSLIVIRX I\TVIWWMSR SJ VIPIZERX MHIEW 6IWTSRWI QE] I\ LMFMX WSQI MQTVIGMWI SV MREGGYVEXI YWI SJ ZSGEFYPEV] SV KVEQ QEXMGEP WXVYGXYVIW YWIH 8LMW QE] EJJIGX SZIVEPP JPYIRG] FYX MX HSIW RSX WIVMSYWP] MRXIVJIVI [MXL XLI GSQQYRMGEXMSR SJ XLI QIWWEKI
GSLIVIRX ERH WYW XEMRIH ERH GSRZI]W VIPIZERX MHIEW MRJSVQEXMSR 3ZIVEPP HIZIPST QIRX MW WSQI[LEX PMQMXIH YWYEPP] PEGOW IPEFSVEXMSR SV WTIGMJMGMX] 6IPEXMSRWLMTW FI X[IIR MHIEW QE] EX XMQIW RSX FI MQQI HMEXIP] GPIEV
83)*0 M&8 7TIEOMRK
83)*0 M&8 7TIEOMRK 7GSVMRK 6YFVMG
-RHITIRHIRX 8EWOW 5YIWXMSRW ERH
7GSVI +IRIVEP (IWGVMTXMSR
8LI VIWTSRWI EH HVIWWIW XLI XEWO FYX HIZIPSTQIRX SJ XLI XSTMG MW PMQMXIH -X GSRXEMRW MRXIPPMKMFPI WTIIGL EPXLSYKL TVSFPIQW [MXL HIPMZIV] ERH SV SZIVEPP GSLIVIRGI SGGYV QIERMRK QE] FI SFWGYVIH MR TPEGIW % VIWTSRWI EX XLMW PIZIP MW GLEVEG XIVM^IH F] EX PIEWX X[S SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK
(IPMZIV] |
0ERKYEKI 9WI |
8STMG (IZIPSTQIRX |
7TIIGL MW FEWMGEPP] MRXIPPMKMFPI XLSYKL PMWXIRIV IJJSVX MW RIIHIH FIGEYWI SJ YRGPIEV EVXMGYPEXMSR E[O[EVH MRXSREXMSR SV GLSTT] VL]XLQ TEGI QIERMRK QE] FI SFWGYVIH MR TPEGIW
8LI VIWTSRWI HIQSRWXVEXIW PMQMXIH VERKI ERH GSRXVSP SJ KVEQQEV ERH ZSGEF YPEV] 8LIWI PMQMXE XMSRW SJXIR TVIZIRX JYPP I\TVIWWMSR SJ MHIEW *SV XLI QSWX TEVX SRP] FEWMG WIRXIRGI WXVYGXYVIW EVI YWIH WYGGIWWJYPP] ERH WTSOIR [MXL JPYMHMX] 7XVYGXYVIW ERH ZSGEFYPEV] QE] I\TVIWW QEMRP] WMQ TPI WLSVX ERH SV KIRIVEP TVSTSWMXMSRW [MXL WMQTPI SV YR GPIEV GSRRIGXMSRW QEHI EQSRK XLIQWIVMEP PMWXMRK GSR NYRGXMSR NY\XETSWM XMSR
8LI VIWTSRWI MW GSR RIGXIH XS XLI XEWO XLSYKL XLI RYQFIV SJ MHIEW TVIWIRXIH SV XLI HIZIPSTQIRX SJ MHIEW MW PMQMXIH 1SWXP] FEWMG MHIEW EVI I\TVIWWIH [MXL PMQMXIH IPEFSVEXMSRHIXEMPW ERH WYT TSVX %X XMQIW VIPI ZERX WYFWXERGI QE] FI ZEKYIP] I\TVIWWIH SV VITIXMXMSYW 'SRRIGXMSRW SJ MHIEW QE] FI YRGPIEV
8LI VIWTSRWI MW ZIV] 'SRWMWXIRX TVSRYRGM 6ERKI ERH GSRXVSP SJ 0MQMXIH VIPIZERX
PMQMXIH MR GSRXIRX ERH SV GSLIVIRGI SV MW SRP] QMRMQEPP] GSRRIGXIH XS XLI XEWO SV WTIIGL MW PEVKIP] YRMRXIPPMKMFPI % VIWTSRWI EX XLMW PIZIP MW GLEVEGXIVM^IH F] EX PIEWX X[S SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK
EXMSR WXVIWW ERH MR XSREXMSR HMJJMGYPXMIW GEYWI GSRWMHIVEFPI PMWXIRIV IJJSVX HIPMZIV] MW GLSTT] JVEKQIRXIH SV XIPI KVETLMG JVIUYIRX TEYWIW ERH LIWMXE XMSRW
KVEQQEV ERH ZSGEF YPEV] WIZIVIP] PMQMXSV TVIZIRX I\TVIW WMSR SJ MHIEW ERH GSRRIGXMSRW EQSRK MHIEW 7SQI PS[ PIZIP VIWTSRWIW QE] VIP] LIEZMP] SR TVEG XMGIH SV JSVQYPEMG I\TVIWWMSRW
GSRXIRX I\TVIWWIH 8LI VIWTSRWI KIRIV EPP] PEGOW WYFWXERGI FI]SRH I\TVIWWMSR SJ ZIV] FEWMG MHIEW 7TIEOIV QE] FI YREFPI XS WYWXEMR WTIIGL XS GSQTPIXI XEWO ERH QE] VIP] LIEZMP] SR VITIXMXMSR SJ XLI TVSQTX
7TIEOIV QEOIW RS EXXIQTX XS VIWTSRH 36 VIWTSRWI MW YRVIPEXIH XS XLI XSTMG
83)*0 M&8 7TIEOMRK
83)*0 M&8 7TIEOMRK 7GSVMRK 6YFVMG
-RHITIRHIRX 8EWOW 5YIWXMSRW ERH
7GSVI +IRIVEP (IWGVMTXMSR
8LI VIWTSRWI JYPJMPPW XLI HIQERHW SJ XLI XEWO [MXL EX QSWX QMRSV PETWIW MR GSQ TPIXIRIWW -X MW LMKLP] MRXIPPMKMFPI ERH I\ LMFMXW WYWXEMRIH GSLIVIRX HMWGSYVWI % VIWTSRWI EX XLMW PIZIP MW GLEVEGXIVM^IH F] EPP SJ XLI JSPPS[ MRK
(IPMZIV] |
0ERKYEKI 9WI |
8STMG (IZIPSTQIRX |
7TIIGL MW KIRIVEPP] GPIEV JPYMH ERH WYWXEMRIH -X QE] MRGPYHI QMRSV PETWIW SV QMRSV HMJJMGYPXMIW [MXL TVSRYRGMEXMSR SV MRXSREXMSR 4EGI QE] ZEV] EX XMQIW EW WTIEOIV EXXIQTXW XS VIGEPP MRJSVQEXMSR 3ZIVEPP MRXIPPMKMFMPMX] VIQEMRW LMKL
8LI VIWTSRWI HIQSRWXVEXIW KSSH GSRXVSP SJ FEWMG ERH GSQTPI\ KVEQQEXM GEP WXVYGXYVIW XLEX EPPS[ JSV GSLIVIRX IJJMGMIRX EYXSQEXMG I\TVIWWMSR SJ VIPI ZERX MHIEW 'SRXEMRW KIRIVEPP] IJJIGXMZI [SVH GLSMGI 8LSYKL WSQI QMRSV SV W]WXIQEXMG IVVSVW SV MQTVIGMWI YWI QE] FI RSXMGIEFPI XLI] HS RSX VIUYMVI PMWXIRIV IJJSVX SV SFWGYVI QIERMRK
8LI VIWTSRWI TVIW IRXW E GPIEV TVSKVIW WMSR SJ MHIEW ERH GSRZI]W XLI VIPIZERX MRJSVQEXMSR VIUYMVIH F] XLI XEWO -X MR GPYHIW ETTVSTVMEXI HIXEMP XLSYKL MX QE] LEZI QMRSV IVVSVW SV QMRSV SQMWWMSRW
8LI VIWTSRWI EH HVIWWIW XLI XEWO ETTVSTVMEXIP] FYX QE] JEPP WLSVX SJ FIMRK JYPP] HIZIP STIH -X MW KIRIVEPP] MRXIPPMKMFPI ERH GS LIVIRX [MXL WSQI JPYMHMX] SJ I\TVIW WMSR XLSYKL MX I\LMFMXW WSQI RSXMGI EFPI PETWIW MR XLI I\TVIWWMSR SJ MHIEW % VIWTSRWI EX XLMW PIZIP MW GLEVEGXIVM^IH F] EX PIEWX X[S SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK
7TIIGL MW KIRIVEPP] GPIEV [MXL WSQI JPY MHMX] SJ I\TVIWWMSR FYX MX I\LMFMXW QMRSV HMJJMGYPXMIW [MXL TVS RYRGMEXMSR MRXSRE XMSR SV TEGMRK ERH QE] VIUYMVI WSQI PMWXIRIV IJJSVX EX XMQIW 3ZIVEPP MRXIPPMKMFMPMX] VIQEMRW KSSH LS[IZIV
8LI VIWTSRWI HIQSRWXVEXIW JEMVP] EYXSQEXMG ERH IJJIG XMZI YWI SJ KVEQQEV ERH ZSGEFYPEV] ERH JEMVP] GSLIVIRX I\ TVIWWMSR SJ VIPIZERX MHIEW 6IWTSRWI QE] I\LMFMX WSQI MQTVI GMWI SV MREGGYVEXI YWI SJ ZSGEFYPEV] SV KVEQQEXMGEP WXVYG XYVIW SV FI WSQI [LEX PMQMXIH MR XLI VERKI SJ WXVYGXYVIW YWIH 7YGL PMQMXE XMSRW HS RSX WIVM SYWP] MRXIVJIVI [MXL XLI GSQQYRMGEXMSR SJ XLI QIWWEKI
8LI VIWTSRWI MW WYWXEMRIH ERH GSR ZI]W VIPIZERX MRJSV QEXMSR VIUYMVIH F] XLI XEWO ,S[IZIV MX I\LMFMXW WSQI MRGSQTPIXIRIWW MREGGYVEG] PEGO SJ WTIGMJMGMX] [MXL VIWTIGX XS GSRXIRX SV GLSTTMRIWW MR XLI TVSKVIWWMSR SJ MHIEW
83)*0 M&8 7TIEOMRK
83)*0 M&8 7TIEOMRK 7GSVMRK 6YFVMG
-RXIKVEXIH 8EWOW 5YIWXMSRW ERH
7GSVI +IRIVEP (IWGVMTXMSR
8LI VIWTSRWI MW GSR RIGXIH XS XLI XEWO XLSYKL MX QE] FI QMWWMRK WSQI VIPI ZERX MRJSVQEXMSR SV GSRXEMR MREGGYVEGMIW -X GSRXEMRW WSQI MRXIPPMKMFPI WTIIGL FYX EX XMQIW TVSF PIQW [MXL MRXIPPMKM FMPMX] ERH SV SZIVEPP GSLIVIRGI QE] SFWGYVI QIERMRK % VIWTSRWI EX XLMW PIZIP MW GLEVEGXIVM^IH F] EX PIEWX X[S SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK
(IPMZIV] |
0ERKYEKI 9WI |
7TIIGL MW GPIEV EX XMQIW XLSYKL MX I\ LMFMXW TVSFPIQW [MXL TVSRYRGMEXMSR MRXSREXMSR SV TEGMRK ERH WS QE] VIUYMVI WMKRMJMGERX PMWXIRIV IJJSVX 7TIIGL QE] RSX FI WYWXEMRIH EX E GSRWMWXIRX PIZIP XLVSYKLSYX 4VSFPIQW [MXL MR XIPPMKMFMPMX] QE] SFWGYVI QIERMRK MR TPEGIW FYX RSX XLVSYKLSYX
8LI VIWTSRWI MW PMQMXIH MR XLI VERKI ERH GSRXVSP SJ ZS GEFYPEV] ERH KVEQ QEV HIQSRWXVEXIHWSQI GSQTPI\ WXVYGXYVIW QE] FI YWIH FYX X]TMGEPP] GSRXEMR IVVSVW 8LMW VIWYPXW MR PMQMXIH SV MREGGYVEXI GSRRIG XMSRW %YXSQEXMGMX] SJ I\TVIWWMSR QE] FI IZMHIRX SRP] EX XLI TLVEWEP PIZIP
8STMG (IZIPSTQIRX
8LI VIWTSRWI GSR ZI]W WSQI VIPIZERX MRJSVQEXMSR FYX MW GPIEVP] MRGSQTPIXI SV MREGGYVEXI -X MW MR GSQTPIXI MJ MX SQMXW OI] MHIEW QEOIW ZEKYI VIJIVIRGI XS OI] MHIEW SV HIQSR WXVEXIW PMQMXIH HIZIP STQIRX SJ MQTSVXERX MRJSVQEXMSR %R MR EGGYVEXI VIWTSRWI HIQSRWXVEXIW QMWYR HIVWXERHMRK SJ OI] MHIEW JVSQ XLI WXMQ YPYW 8]TMGEPP] MHIEW I\TVIWWIH QE] RSX FI [IPP GSRRIGXIH SV GSLIWMZI WS XLEX JEQMPMEVMX] [MXL XLI WXMQYPYW MW RIGIWWEV] MR SVHIV XS JSPPS[ [LEX MW FIMRK HMWGYWWIH
8LI VIWTSRWI MW ZIV] 'SRWMWXIRX TVSRYRGM 6ERKI ERH GSRXVSP SJ 8LI VIWTSRWI JEMPW XS PMQMXIH MR GSRXIRX SV EXMSR ERH MRXSREXMSR KVEQQEV ERH ZSGEF TVSZMHI QYGL VIPI GSLIVIRGI SV MW SRP] TVSFPIQW GEYWI GSR YPEV] WIZIVIP] PMQMX ZERX GSRXIRX -HIEW
QMRMQEPP] GSRRIGXIH XS XLI XEWO 7TIIGL QE] FI PEVKIP] YRMR XIP PMKMFPI % VIWTSRWI EX XLMW PIZIP MW GLEVEG XIVM^IH F] EX PIEWX X[S SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK
WMHIVEFPI PMWXIRIV IJ JSVX ERH JVIUYIRXP] SFWGYVI QIERMRK (IPMZIV] MW GLSTT] JVEKQIRXIH SV XIPI KVETLMG 7TIIGL GSR XEMRW JVIUYIRX TEYWIW ERH LIWMXEXMSRW
SV TVIZIRX I\TVIW WMSR SJ MHIEW ERH GSRRIGXMSRW EQSRK MHIEW 7SQI ZIV] PS[ PIZIP VIWTSRWIW QE] VIP] SR MWSPEXIH [SVHW SV WLSVX YXXIV ERGIW XS GSQQYRM GEXI MHIEW
XLEX EVI I\TVIWWIH EVI SJXIR MREGGYVEXI SV PMQMXIH XS ZEKYI YXXIVERGIW SV VITIXM XMSRW MRGPYHMRK VITIXMXMSR SJ TVSQTX
7TIEOIV QEOIW RS EXXIQTX XS VIWTSRH 36 VIWTSRWI MW YRVIPEXIH XS XLI XSTMG