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Legislative branch in the UK

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The Legislative Branch of Power in Great Britain

The highest legislative body in GB is Parliament consisted of 2 Houses: House of Commons and House of Lords. The elected House of Commons consists of 650 MPs who represent their constituencies. The Speaker presides at the House of Commons. His function is to provide neutral policy in the House and to stand above party interests.

The work of the House of Commons is regulated by an elaborate code of procedure. On Monday to Thursday ministers from different departments answer the questions. The Prime Minister has a weekly question time on Wednesdays. Prerogative of the House of Commons make and discuss bills.

So, next point of my talk is the House of Lords. Unlike the Commons, members of the Lords are not elected. There are two main categories of peers: hereditary and life peers. Hereditary peers inherit their titles and can pass them on to their children. Life peers get their titles from the Queen for carious services to the nation and cannot pass them on. The legislative activities of the House of Lords are limited by discussions to the Bills prepared and passed by the House of Commons. The House of Lords used to be presided over by the Lord Speaker.

The main function of Parliament is legislation. Most legislation originates in Bills introduced by the Government. While legislation is being formulated, consultation a variety of experts and interest groups takes place. When the Bill has been drafted and agreed by ministers, it is introduced into Parliament. There are many types of Bills, for example, Government Bills and Public Bills. Government Bills embody government policy and Public Bills concern matters of general interests. There are some amendments to the Bill during the process.

The Bill passes 3 stages to be approved. These are First reading, second reading and third reading.

The 1st reading means an introduction, 2nd reading is discussion of the Bill. Committee stage is clause-by-clause examination of the content that carried out by Standing Committee (18-25 MPs). Discussion is usually based on amendments to individual clauses. The Report stage is a scrutiny of amended Bill.

3rd reading is a final debate on the overall content or the amended Bill. After this stage the Bill moves on to the House of Lords where discussion proceeds on broadly similar stages. If a Bill passes through the Lords unamended, it is submitted for Royal Assent. If any amendments have been made, the Bill returns to the Commons where they can accept, amend or reject it. Then the Bill returns to the Lords again where they usually accept it and the Bill gets Royal Assent.

In that way Bills become a part of the law.

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