Task 1. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words:

лиття, змінювати склад, плавити, значні переваги, тонколистовий метал, технології виробництва, формувальний матеріал, метод заливання, запобігати потенційним дефектам, усадочні порожнини, пористість, порожнина ливарної форми, припуски, тугоплавкий, готові виливки, ливарні форми одноразового використання, постійні форми, процес плавлення, бажана кількість, прийнятна ціна, розплавлений метал, якісний виливок, без дефектів, супроводжувати, процес кристалізації, охолодження, тріскатись, видалення виливка з ливарної форми, очистка, обробка, перевірка, залишки матеріалу, лінія рознімання.

Task 2. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and word expressions:

solid, heated to the proper temperature, to modify, to pour into a cavity, the resulting product, cast parts, casting processes, complex shape, pouring method, maximize the properties, to solidify, to prevent defects, trapped inclusions, mould cavity, expendable moulds, repeated castings, reasonable cost, desired quantity, escape of gases, to fill, dense, solidification process, strength, to remove the casting from the mould, parting surface, gating system.

Task 3. Match the following words with their translations:

complex shape	тугоплавкий
permanent mould	бажана кількість
expendable mould	якісний виливок
shrinkage voids	одноразова форма
solidification shrinkage	постійна форма
proper shape	усадочні пустоти
desired quantity	складна форма
acceptable quality	усадка під час кристалізації
refractory character	належна форма
quality casting	прийнятна якість

Task 4. Is it true or false? Give the correct variants.

1. It is not necessary for the designer to use the most appropriate process efficiently.

2. The various processes vary in the mould material and in the pouring methods.

3. The common feature for all the processes is to have the material solidified in a manner to maximize only the properties not having in mind the possible defects such as porosity and voids.

4. It is not necessary for the mould to have the refractory character. During the casting process there is no chance for the mould to be affected by the molten metal.

5. There is a casting process where only the permanent castings are used.

6. A permanent mould is a mould to be used for repeated castings made of metal, graphite or sand composites.

7. Molten metal must be provide at the proper temperature during the melting process.

8. To produce the quality casting with good density and free of defects, it is of great importance to completely fill the cavity and not to allow the escape of gases and air.

9. As a result of successful solidification process a casting without internal porosity or voids must be produced.

10. There is no any difficulty within the process of the mould removal having the permanent moulds.

Task 5. Read and translate the following text.

Casting Terminology

The casting starts with the construction of a pattern, an approximate duplicate of the final casting. The moulding material is then packed around the pattern, and the pattern is removed to produce a mould cavity. The flask is the box that contains the moulding aggregate. In a two-part mould, the cope is the top half of the pattern, flask, mould or core. The drag is the bottom half of any of these features. A core is a sand shape that is inserted into the mould to produce internal features on a casting, such as holes or passages for water cooling. A core print is the region added to the pattern, core, or mould that is used to locate and support the core within the mould. The mould material and the core then combine to form the mould cavity, the void into which the molten metal will be poured and solidified to produce the desired casting. A riser is an extra void created in the mould that will be filled with molten metal. It provides a reservoir of molten metal that can flow into the mould cavity to compensate for any material shrinkage that occurs during solidification. Any shrinkage voids should then be in the riser and not in the final casting.

The gating system is the network of channels used to deliver the molten metal from outside the mould into the mould cavity. The pouring cup is the portion of the gating system that initially receives the molten metal from the pouring vessel and controls its delivery to the rest of the mould. From the pouring cup, the metal travels down the sprue (the vertical portion of the gating system), then along horizontal channels (called runners), and finally through controlled entrances, or gates, into the mould cavity.

The parting line or parting surface is the interface that separates the cope and drag halves of the mould, flask, or pattern, and the halves of a core during some core-making processes. The draft is the taper on a pattern or casting that permits it to be withdrawn from the mould. The mould or die used to produce casting cores is known as a core box. Finally, the term casting is used to describe both the process and the product when molten metal is poured and solidified in a mould.

flask cope core drag to insert core print riser pouring cup sprue runners gate draft taper die

опока верхня опока ливарний стрижень нижня частина опоки вставляти стрижневий знак стояк, отвір у верхній частині виливниці наливна лунка вертикальний ливник ливники, ливникові ходи ливник формувальний нахил конус металева форма, кокіль, кристалізатор

Task 6. Continue the following:

1. Solidification process, the solid physics …

2. To finish the casting process, the finish, to finish the work …

3. The pouring method, to pour …

4. The mould cavity, to fill the cavity …

Task 7. Open the brackets:

1. The molten material (to consider) to be poured into a cavity or mould for achieving the proper shape during solidification.

2. Casting (to know) to be the best of the most important of the manufacturing processes.

3. (To achieve) the best results and economy the designer must understand the various options and use the most appropriate process in the most efficient manner.

4. (to use) for repeated castings, a material can withstand each casting process.

5. The designers prefer the more economical expendable moulds (to use) for production of smaller quantities.

6. Provision must be (to make) in a proper way that the mould will not cause too much restraint to the shrinkage.

7. Six basic factors (to involve) in casting process.

8. A pouring technique must be devised (to introduce) the molten metal into the mould.

9. Extraneous material (to attach) where the metal entered the cavity, excesses at mould parting lines and mould material (to attach) to the casting surface must be removed.