Функции глагола to be (was/were, been)

To be

переводится «быть, находиться»	перед to: to be to переводится «должен»	не переводится для образования 1. времен группы Continuous и Perfect Continuous в сочетании с Participle I; 2. страдательного залога в сочетании с Participle II.	после слов aim – цель task – задача purpose – цель problem – проблема method – метод plan – план и т.д. переводится «быть, являться, состоять, заключаться»

1. Дайте русский эквивалент речевых отрезков, в которых глаголы to do, to have, to be являются:

1. Смысловыми;

2. Вспомогательными.

a) scientists do invent; scientists don’t invent; scientists do their invention; the engineer doesn’t construct; the engineer does construct; the engineer does this construction; the robot didn’t work; the robot did its work; the robot did work;

b) scientists have invented; scientists have to invent; scientists have a new invention; the engineer had to construct; the engineer had constructed; the engineer had this construction; the robot has much work; the robot has to work; the robot has worked;

c) scientists were to invent; the task of scientists were to invent; they were scientists; scientists were inventing; the engineer is constructing; the engineer is to construct; the aim of the engineer is to construct; it is constructed by the engineer; he is an engineer; the robot was worked at; it was a robot; he robot was working; the robot was to work;

d) the inventions were done by scientists; the producer had to create; he did his task; he will be a good scientist; we are engineers; the new equipment has been developed by; the plan of constructor is to design; did he repair; new compound was produced; the system is to be reconstructed; this device has a lot of; the physicist will do this work; the designer did develop; the technologist is working hard.

2. Сравните сказуемые по форме и дайте их русский эквивалент:

1. He had much work. He had to work hard to complete it in time.

2. Mathematics is of great importance for engineers. Every technical student is to study it for some years.

3. The addition of heat does not increase the weight of metal, however, the combination with air does increase its weight.

4. Automation today is an important factor of chemical industrial production. It is being introduced on a wide scale in all branches of industry and agriculture as well as in medicine and everyday life.

5. Due to the Sun people have immense supplies of energy. We have to build special solar stations to convert solar energy into electrical one.

6. In close cooperation with industrial workers our scientists and engineers are developing a lot of new types of electronic and cybernetic devices. They are to become the basis for the solution of a great number of economic and scientific problems. They will be reliable helpers of engineers and scientists.