Do you swear solemnly to say the truth,

The whole truth,

And nothing but the truth?

So, help you God.

Activity 2. Give the name of the defined law breaker

1. steals _________________________________________________________________________________

2. steals purses and wallets __________________________________________________________________

3. gets money by threatening

to disclose personal information_____________________________________________________________

4. seizes airplanes_________________________________________________________________________

5. takes things from a shop without paying______________________________________________________

6. kills people_____________________________________________________________________________

7. steals from houses and offices______________________________________________________________

8. steals from banks and trains________________________________________________________________

9. takes people hostage from a ransom_________________________________________________________

10. steals government secrets_________________________________________________________________

11. willfully destroys property_________________________________________________________________

12. marries illegally while being married already__________________________________________________

Activity 3. What types of crimes are, in your opinion, described in these situations?

1. He threatened to send the love letters to her husband unless she gave him $500.______________________

2. The telephone box had been smashed and there was graffiti all over the walls.________________________

3. An old man has been attacked and robbed in a city street. ________________________________________

4. Department store loses millions of pounds each year through goods being stolen off the shelves._________

5. Thieves broke into the house while the family was away on holiday._______________________________

6. The young woman was sexually attacked as she walked across the dark park late at night.______________

7. He watched with satisfaction as the fire he lit burnt down the factory.______________________________

8. It was a perfect copy. It was so good, in fact, that it could even fool an expert.________________________

9. “If you want to see your child again, put $5000 in an old suitcase and wait for further instructions._______

10. George gave the man $50 in return for a small packet of heroin.__________________________________

Activity 4. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences, choosing the words from the box given above.

1.bigamy 2.civil 3. classes 4.community

5.countries 6.crimes 7.criminal law 8.felony

9.fine 10. forgery 11.laws 12. life imprisonment

13.misdemeanor 14. offences 15. penalty 16.person

17.prison 18.state 19. term 20. treason

Crime

Crime violates the laws of a community, ___________ or nation. It is punishable in accordance with these________. The definition of crime varies according to time and place, but the laws of most ___________consider as crimes such __________as arson, _________, burglary, ___________, murder, and __________.

Not all offences against the law are __________. The laws that set down the punishments for crimes form the ___________. This law defines as crimes those offences considered most harmful to the ___________. On the other hand, a _________ may wrong someone else in some other way that offends the_____________ law.

The common law recognizes three _____________ of crime: treason, ______________ and misdemeanor. Death or __________ is the usual __________for treason. Laws in the US define a felony as a crime that is punishable by a _____________ of one year or more in a state or federal __________. A person who commits a ____________ may be punished by a _____________ or a jail term of less than one year.

Useful-to-know activity. Study properly word-combinations and compose sentences of your own.

Crime

1. * against humanity – преступление против человечества;

2. * difficult to trace – трудно раскрываемое преступление;

3. * due to jealousy – преступление, совершенное из ревности;

4. * due to passion – преступление по страсти;

5. * instrument – орудие преступления;

Activity 5. Read the following laws and express your opinion.

Rules of law

• In Lancashire it is against the law to hang male and female underwear on the same line.

• In Saskatchewan you must not drink water in a beer house.

• A transportation law Texas: when two trains approach each other at a crossing, they should both stop and neither shall start up until the other has gone.

• In Waterloo it is illegal for a barber to eat onions between 7am and 7pm.

• The town council of Widnes introduced a fine of $5 for those who made a habit of falling asleep in the reading rooms of libraries.

• Dueling in Paraguay is legal as long as both participants are registered blood donors.

• In NY there is still a law, which makes it illegal for women to smoke in public.

• The citizens of Kentucky are required by law to take a bath once a year.

• In 1659 it became illegal to celebrate Christmas in Massachusetts.

• In NY State you are not allowed to shoot at a rabbit from a moving trolley car. You have to get off the car or wait for it to come to a complete stop then fire away.

• In Malaysia it is against the law to dance on the backs of turtles.

• In Madagascar it is illegal for pregnant women to wear hats and eat eels.

• In Alaska it is illegal to look at a moose from the window of an airplane or any other flying vehicle.

• It is illegal to hunt camels in the state of Arizona.

• In Indiana it is against the law to travel on a bus within 4 hours of eating garlic.

• In Indiana it is prohibited to hang underwear if there are cows nearby.

Activity 6. By moving vertically or horizontally find eleven kinds of criminal

D F G S P Y V K J D H Y S I E K L M S N B

M N B H I J A C K E R M N H Y S H D L K J

N G V O G HN A W E R T Y U I O P L K J H

I M N P B V D X A S W E R F D F G G H J F

S J H L L O A K K I D N A P P E R S G T A

S N B I U Y L S E R T P I C K P O C K E T

A W E F S D F G H J K L M N C V B S E R H

S A W T E R R E L I A M K C A L B W A S I

S A W E E R T Y G F M U R D E R E R D F E

A A S R W E R T Y U B U R G L A R S D V F

Activity 7. If you commit a crime you may be (put these actions in the correct order):

Accused, arrested, charged, convicted, interrogated, paroled, sent to prison, suspected, tried

Activity 8. Answer the questions:

1. What types of crimes do you know? Have you ever been a victim of a crime?

2. Do the accused always get a fair sentence?

3. Have you ever been a witness of a crime?

4. Did you ever have to give evidence in court?

5. What are the motives of kidnapping?

6. What are the reasons for the increase in violence among teenagers in our country?

7. Do you think that people who have served in prison or penitentiary come out morally improved and incapable of committing a crime?

Activity 9. Choose the right answer

1. The … sentenced the accused to paying fine.

a. barrister b. counsel. c. judge. d. solicitor

2. They all thought his was guilty, but no one could … anything against him.

   1. accuse b. ensure c. point d. prove

3. It has been decided to hold Public … into the cause of the accident.

   1. autopsy b. examination c. inquiry d. interrogation

4. To protect victims of blackmail their names are often … in court.

   1. covered b. erased c. hidden d. not given

5. I should like to call two … who can testify on my client’s behalf.

   1. witnesses b. onlookers c. passers-by d. spectators

6. The case against Mary Wrongdoer was … for lack of evidence.

   1. discarded b. dismissed c. refused d. resigned

7. The new law comes into … on May 15.

   1. condition b. date c. force d. power

8. The driver admitted that the accident was partly his own…

   1. blame b. cause c. evil d. fault

9. In fact the murderer was … from the country before extradition proceedings could be started.

   1. barred b. deported c. exported d. interned

10. The suspect … that he had assaulted a policeman.

a. contradicted b. declined c. lawsuit d. refused

Useful-to-know activity. Study properly word-combinations and compose sentences of your own.

Crime

1. * of forethought – предумышленное преступление;

2. * scene – место совершения преступления;

3. * wave – волна преступности;

4. alleged * - вменяемое в вину, инкриминируемое преступление;

5. grave * - тяжкое преступление;

Activity 10. Do the odd-word-out exercise

1. to steal, to pilfer, to filch, to purloin, to rob, to smuggle, to thieve, to plunder.

2. to chase, to trace, to pursue, to follow, to seek, to be after, to hunt.

3. a scoundrel, a robber, a thief, a burglar, a murderer, a killer, a gangster, a bandit, a crook, a swindler.

4. a prisoner, a defendant, a prosecutor, an eyewitness, a judge, an attorney, a sheriff, a lawyer, a barrister.

5. blackmail, smuggling, theft, robbery, burglary, felony, bribery, swindling, drug addiction, kidnapping, fraud, infidelity.

Activity 11. Fill in the missing parts in the chart below.

Criminal	Crime	The criminal…
Thief	Theft	Stole some jewellery
Murderer		Killed a policeman
Drug dealer/pusher	Drug dealing
	Hijacking	Hijacking a plane
	Kidnapping	Kidnapped a rich business man
Rapist		Raped a young woman
	Mugging
Car theft		Stole a Rolls Royce
	Robbery
Terrorist		Committed an act of terrorism

Listening activity. Listen to the conversation with the British judge and answer the questions:

1. What is the basic peculiarity about the British legal system?

2. What is possible punishment if you’re convicted of drug dealing or weaponry holding?

3. Under what circumstances is it advisable to call your lawyer?

4. Is it legal to remain silent being questioned?

5. Do people always go into custody while they wait for a trial?

6. Does a criminal get a lighter sentence if he confesses to a crime?

7. What is possible punishment for a murder?

8. Dwell on the trial procedure.

√ Dwell on the legal system in Ukraine.

Activity 12. Read the article and do the assignments suggested below.

Органы правопорядка.

Почему они необходимы?

Каким был бы мир, если бы общественный порядок никто не охранял? Знаете, что случилось в 1997 году в бразильском городе Ресифи, когда 18 000 полицейских объявили забастовку, оставив более миллиона жителей без защиты?

«Пять дней в этом приморском городе царил хаос, - сообщалось в газете «Вашингтон пост». – Количество убийств возросло втрое. Было ограблено восемь банков. Бандиты неистово носились по пассажу и совершали бесчинства в богатых районах, паля из ружей и пистолетов. Правила дорожного движения никто не соблюдал. Из-за нахлынувшей лавины преступности морги были переполнены, а в самой крупной государственной больнице из-за недостатка коек жертвы перестрелок и поножовщины лежали прямо на полу в коридорах». Как сообщается, министр юстиции сказал, что «такого беззакония страна еще не видела».

Что и говорить, в любой стране под личиной цивилизованности скрывается зло. Поэтому без защиты, которую предоставляют органы правопорядка, нам не обойтись. Конечно, все мы наслышаны о жестокости, продажности, равнодушии и злоупотреблении властью, царящих в их среде. В одних странах проблема стоит более остро, в других – менее. И все же, что бы мы делали, если бы общественный порядок никто не охранял?

Айван, полицейский из Великобритании, рассказывает: «Мне нравится помогать людям. В работе полицейского меня привлекает разнообразие. Редко кто знает, что с преступлениями связано всего лишь 20-30% нашей работы. Нельзя упускать из виду социальную и общественную роль полиции. Во время обычного патрульного обхода можно столкнуться с дорожно-транспортным происшествием, встретить пожилого человека, который попал в затруднительное положение и нуждается в помощи. Особенно приятно, когда поможешь потерявшемуся ребенку найти родителей или поддержишь человека, ставшего жертвой преступления и пережившего эмоциональную травму».

Сегодня полицейские отряды воспринимаются как должное. Но как они возникли?

Первым городом в США, например, где появилась профессиональная полиция, был Нью-Йорк. По мере роста благосостояния города росла и преступность. В 1830-х годах каждый человек мог читать жуткие сообщения о преступлениях в дешевой бульварной прессе. Недовольство горожан росло, и в 1845 году была образована нью-йоркская полиция. Но американцы опасались, что вооруженные формирования в руках правительства ущемят их свободу. И тогда к конституции США была принята вторая поправка, гарантирующая людям «право хранить и носить оружие».

Но не всегда полиция служит на благо народа. Деспотические государства, опасаясь революций, почти всегда использовали тайную полицию, чтобы следить за своими гражданами. У нацистов было гестапо, в Советском Союзе – КГБ, в Восточной Германии – Штази. Работники последней спецслужбы круглые сутки прослушивали телефонные разговоры и вели досье на треть населения. Сотрудники Штази не гнушались ничем и не испытывали ни малейшего стыда. Священники в массовом порядке вербовались в качестве тайных осведомителей. Их кабинеты и исповедальни были напичканы подслушивающими устройствами.

«Из-за высокого уровня коррупции, иногда трудно различить полицейских и бандитов», - говорится в “NYPD – a city and its police”. „Честность в органах правопорядка встречается очень редко. Если полицейский, обыскивая ограбленный дом, найдет деньги, он возьмет их себе. Если же он найдет украденные ценности, часть из них он утаит».

Кто-то вначале придерживается высоких норм, но затем поддается влиянию нечестных коллег и давлению криминального мира, с которым соприкасается. Сотрудники полиции вступают в непосредственный контакт со злом. Они ходят среди зла. Они осязают его, они пробуют его на вкус, они слышат его, им приходится иметь дело с ним. Соприкосновение с пороком может легко испортить человека.

Как и везде, в органах правопорядка есть и честные полицейские, и не совсем. Каждый из нас волен выбирать свою модель поведения, надеясь, что в нас заметят только лучшее.

“Ніхто не може бути заарештований або триматися під вартою інакше як за вмотивованим рішенням суду і тільки на підставах та в порядку, встановлених законом”. Стаття 29 Конституції України.

1. Retell the article, pointing out the most important facts.

2. Translate the 6^th and the 7^th paragraphs.

3. Express your attitude towards Ukrainian legal bodies.

Activity 13. Propose your solution to the problems:

1. Your mother is going to die unless you buy a very expensive medicine which can save her life, but you cannot afford it. Would you rob the chemist’s shop to get it?

2. Having discovered that someone was regularly drinking his whisky, the man decided to put poison into one of the bottles. Do you think he had the right too do it?

3. Your brother is being looked for by the police. You are aware of it and you hid him in your house for a while. You know where he is now. Would you tell the truth when asked by the police?

4. Your baby is kidnapped and you were asked a very large sum of money. What would you do?

Useful-to-know activity. Study properly word-combinations and compose sentences of your own.

Crime

1. misprision of * - укрывательство преступника;

2. war * - военное преступление;

3. white-collar * - преступность «белых воротничков» (преступность должностных лиц, связанная с рэкетом и гангстеризмом).

Activity 14. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences:

Model: A – A forger sets fire to buildings

B – No, an arsonist sets fire to building. A forger makes copies of things in order to deceive people.

1. A mugger threatens to make secrets known to the public.

2. A shoplifter steals things from people’s pockets, especially in a crowd.

3. A hijacker takes goods or people from one country to another illegally.

4. A jury questions the witnesses.

5. The judge pleads guilty or not guilty at the beginning of a trial.

6. You normally get a jail sentence if you are caught driving too fast on the motorway.

7. He was put on probation until the case could be heard.

8. They executed him when they found the police had been lying.

Activity 15. Read the texts, pick out the basic ideas and retell the text.

Text A The purpose of punishment in British society.

What is the purpose of punishment meted out to a convicted criminal? If it’s purely retributive, one can argue that conditions of imprisonment should be as punitive and restrictive as possible. But most commentators these days wish to add an element or rehabilitation to the concept of punishment. One of its consequences, they argue, should be that the person who is subjected to the punishment will be less likely to commit further offences or crimes in the future and will be helped to lead a useful life in society. The change in behavior will come about either because of the deterrent effect of the punishment or because it has led the person being punished to a greater awareness of the need to live differently in the future. The judge, like the parent of the wayward child, punishes an offender for his or her “own good”, in order to help the offender to become a better person. The difficulty with this worthy ambition is that the British criminal justice system finds it very difficult to cope with such complex objectives. The offender who goes to prison regards imprisonment primarily as retributive and is not convinced by arguments about their potential for rehabilitation. The victim of the original offence is likely to be confused by a series of mixed messages about how he or she is meant to benefit from the outcome of court proceedings. The public is at best ambivalent – unsure, that is, whether the process of justice is working or not.

“Особа вважається невинуватою у вчиненні злочину і не може бути піддана кримінальному покаранню, доки її вину не буде доведено в законному порядку і встановлено обвинувальним вироком суду”. Стаття 65 Конституції України.

Text B The purpose of state punishment.

What is the purpose of punishment? One purpose is obviously to reform the offender, to correct the offender’s moral attitudes and anti-social behavior and rehabilitate him or her, which means to assist the offender to return to normal life as a useful member of the community. Punishment can also be seen as a deterrent because it warns other people of what will happen if they are tempted to break the law and so prevent them from doing so. However, the third purpose of punishment lies, perhaps in society’s desire for retribution, which basically means revenge. In other words, don’t we feel that a wrongdoer should suffer from his misdeeds? The form of punishment should also be considered. On the one hand, some believe that we should make the punishment fit the crime. Those who steal from others should be deprived of their own property, to ensure that criminals are left in no doubt that crime doesn’t pay for those who attack others corporal punishment should be used. Murderers should be subject to the principle “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth” and automatically receive the death penalty. On the other hand it is said that such views are unreasonable, cruel and barbaric and that we should show more humane attitude to punishment and try to understand why a person commits a crime and how society has failed to enable him to live a respectable, law-abiding life.

Activity 16. Discussion.

1. What types of crimes are most/least common in your country?

2. Are crime rates rising or falling in your country? Why do you think so?

3. Why do you think people turn to crime?

4. Do you think that criminals are born or made?

5. Are you in favor or against capital punishment? Do you think it may lower crime rates?

What measures can the state take to prevent crimes?

6. Split into two groups and provide arguments for and against capital punishment.

Activity 17. Get acquainted with methods of execution and discuss all of them. Express your opinion whether they are humane or not.

Methods of Death.

Executions are usually performed at midnight – when everything else is quiet in prison. Outside the gates, protesters carry candles and wave signs. Inside, all prison security officers are on duty. The prisoner is led into the room where he is to die, secured to a chair or table, and fitted with heart-rate monitors. He is then left alone. Select witnesses watch the execution through a special viewing window. After the prisoner has died, a doctor signs a death warrant and the body is taken to a morgue where it is prepared for burial.

The following are legal methods of execution in the US: