Конверсия.

Слово может менять свое значение и выполнять новую синтаксическую функцию в предложении, не изменяя при этом написания и произношения. Наиболее распространенным является образование глаголов от существительных, например:

master (хозяин) – to master (управлять)

house (дом) – to house (размещать)

water (вода) – to water (поливать)

Глаголы могут быть образованы и от прилагательных:

empty (пустой) – to empty (опустошать)

dark (темный) – to dark (темнеть)

light (свет) – light (светлый) – to light (освещать)

Незнакомое слово следует отыскивать в словаре только после того, как по внешним признакам и месту в предложении будет определено какой частью речи оно является.

Ex.1 Form verbs from the nouns. Translate them.

turn, smile, smoke, snow, start, study, visit, rest, place, cover, paper, brush, cross, crowd, lift, wave, report, show, dance, help, address, wish, work, cause, joke, mind, plan, play, hope, laugh.

Ex.2 Define parts of speech of the words in bold. Translate the sentences.

1. He works as a teacher. You’ll make progress if you work hard. I saw one of his works at the exhibition.

2. I was waiting for your report. They report the results of their experiment every Monday.

3. He thought about his new work. His report contains some of his thoughts about the experiment.

4. This is a nice room. He roomed at a hotel. Did they room a double bed apartment?

5. It’s not in my power to change the situation. Electric power is now used in most plants and factories. A power station is a building in which mechanical power, especially electric power is produced.

6. Many students study English with pleasure. My grandfather has a large study. Where did he study?

7. Who ruled this country? All sportsmen must obey (соблюдать) the rules of the game. Set of rules was changed many time. Britain doesn’t often produce sportsmen but it set the rules of many sports and games.

8. He used to have black hair but now it’s gone grey, almost white. Mix black and white to form grey. His face turned grey.

9. They’ve heard a beautiful play. Helen played next door to us. When the cat is away, the mice will play. This year he plays very well.

10. The economy is in a period of reduced and slow business activity. There has been a slow rise in sales. He is a slow walker. My watch is10 minutes slow. He slowed the car down.

11. Did you buy a paper this morning? Paper this room in green and that one in light blue. The room is papered nicely, isn’t it?

12. I’ll warm some water for your baby. A warm coat you wear in winter is often made of wool. Come here and have a warm by the fire. Will you have your milk warmed?

Словообразование при помощи чередования ударения.

Некоторые существительные и прилагательные совпадают по форме с глаголами, но отличаются ударением. Как правило, в существительных и прилагательных ударение падает на первый слог, а в соответствующих глаголах - на второй.

`record (запись) – to re`cord (записывать)

`perfect (совершенный) – to per`fect (совершенствовать)