Unit 4. Complex Object. Infinitive or ing-form?

Сложное дополнение (Complex Object) располагается после сказуемого и состоит из:

1) существительного или местоимения в объектном падеже (me, him, her, it, us, you, them), обозначающего субъект действия;

2) инфинитива с частицей to, или инфинитива без частицы to или ing-формы.

После глаголов со значениями «заставлять» (make, cause и др.) и «позволять» (allow, permit, enable, let и др.) сложное дополнение переводится существительным (местоимением) и неопределенной формой глагола.

(1) (2)

The pressure causes the ice to melt.

(1) (2)

Давление заставляет лед таять

После глаголов make и let инфинитив используется БЕЗ частицы to.

(1) (2)

The rain made him drive slower.

(1) (2)

Дождь заставил его ехать медленнее.

После глаголов чувственного восприятия (see, hear, feel, watch, observe и др.) и мыслительной деятельности (think, expect, assume, consider и др.) сложное дополнение переводится придаточным предложением, подлежащее которого определяется первым элементом сложного дополнения, а сказуемое – вторым.

(1) (2)

He considers the problem to beсome difficult.

(1) (2)

Он считает, что задача становится сложной.

(1) (2)

We expect the documents to be signed within a week.

(1) (2)

Мы ожидаем, что документы будут подписаны в течение недели.

(1) (2)

После глаголов чувственного восприятия инфинитив употребляется БЕЗ частицы to.

(1) (2)

We often see them play tennis.

(1) (2)

Мы часто видим, как они играют в теннис.

I heard the wind whistling all night.

(1) (2)

Я слышал, как ветер свистел всю ночь.

Однако если сказуемое используется в пассивном залоге, инфинитив всегда употребляется с частицей to:

They were made to do it. Их заставили это сделать.

She was seen to leave the room. Видели, как она выходила из комнаты.

После глагола help – помогать инфинитив может употребляться как с частицей to, так и без нее.

Инфинитив или ing-форма?

После некоторых глаголов обычно используется инфинитив: want – хотеть, ask – просить, help – помогать, expect – ожидать, offer – предлагать, would like – хотел бы, afford – позволять, agree – соглашаться, decide – решать, promise – обещать, refuse – отказывать.

I want you to come with me. Я хочу, чтобы ты пошел со мной.

После некоторых глаголов обычно используется ing-форма: imagine – воображать, keep on – продолжать, mind – возражать, admit – допускать, deny – отрицать, enjoy – нравиться, suggest – предлагать, stand – выносить.

I can’t imagine George riding a motorbike. Я не могу представить себе, как Джордж ездит на мотоцикле.

После некоторых глаголов используется как инфинитив, так и ing-форма: begin, start – начинать, continue – продолжать, intend – намереваться, stop – останавливаться, прекращать, remember – помнить, вспоминать, regret – сожалеть, жалеть, try – пытаться, пробовать.

It has started to rain. = It has started raining. Начался дождь.

Однако ing-форма не должна следовать за ing-формой

It is starting to rain. Начинается дождь.

При этом смысл глагола может несколько отличаться, ср.:

Did you remember to turn off the lights? Ты не забыл выключить свет? I remember traveling around China. Я вспоминаю поездку в Китай.

After a couple of hours we stopped to have a rest. Через пару часов мы остановились, чтобы отдохнуть. At 5 o’clock everyone stopped working and went home. В 5 часов все прекратили работу и пошли домой.

She tried to call you but she couldn’t get through. Она пыталась звонить тебе, но не могла дозвониться. Why don’t you try changing the batteries? Почему ты не попробуешь заменить батареи?

После глаголов чувственного восприятия используются как инфинитив, так и ing-форма, однако смысл будет несколько отличаться.

The accident happened. I saw this. Произошла авария. Я видел это. > I saw the accident happen. Я видел, как произошла авария.

I saw Kate yesterday. She was waiting for a bus. Я видел Кейт вчера. Она ждала автобуса. > I saw Kate waiting for a bus. Я видел Кейт, когда она ждала автобус.

Part A

Task A1. Make the sentences and translate them into Russian.

a) I would like you to forget it

She wants me to remember that day

They wished him to take care of the children

us to resign

John to call for the doctor

Ann to tell the truth

b) We want the plan to be adopted

They don’t wish the problem to be solved

Would you like the fact to be revealed?

He wouldn’t like the work to be done properly

She meant the review to be prepared

everything to be arranged

the facts to be checked

c) He allows me to use his telephone.

I allow her to change the article.

We didn’t tell anyone to read his papers.

They ordered everybody to stay at home.

She does not ask him to bring magazines.

You will get them to go for a walk.

d) The professor allowed the prisoner to be arrested.

The chief did not allow the man to be set free.

The manager ordered the bridge to be blown up.

The commander the device to be questioned.

The inspector anything to be changed.

to be operated on.

Task A2. Translate into Russian:

1. I supposed him to be about fifty.

2. I believed her to be in St. Petersburg.

3. We knew them to be right.

4. They thought us to be experienced enough to carry out this work.

5. He considers her to be a good singer.

6. We expected him to arrive soon.

7. Do you expect the documents to be signed tomorrow?

8. He expects them to finish the work as soon as possible.

9. You must ask someone to see her off.

10. Let him follow my advice.

11. She can make them get in touch with me.

Task A3. Insert to where necessary and translate into Russian.

1. I saw him … cross the street.

2. They allowed us … go to the party.

3. I hate him … interrupt me.

4. She would like … be invited to concert.

5. She felt him …. touch her hand.

6. She cannot bear him … speak like that.

7. We shall watch the ship … sail off.

8. Do your parents make you … study English?

9. I like people …tell the truth.

10. I haven’t heard anyone …call me.

Task A4. Translate into Russian.

1. During the experiment we saw the temperature fall rapidly.

2. They believe the substance to have dissolved.

3. We have thought this law to hold only for gases which are under normal conditions.

4. One may safely expect this prediction to be quite reliable.

5. On assuming the body with the mass m to be acted upon by force f, let us calculate the acceleration.

6. Examination with X-rays has shown the halogen even in the solid state to possess diatomic molecules.

7. They found radon to be 3 times as heavy as hydrogen.

Task A5. Make sentences using the Complex Object.

Model: He expected (they, arrive) at 5. > He expected them to arrive at 5.

1. Do you want (they, stay) at the hotel or with us?

2. I'd like (the professor, look through) my report.

3. Do you want (I, show) you the sights of the city?

4. We expect (he, arrange) everything by the time we come.

5. I want (she, tell) me the news in brief.

6. He expected (the meeting, hold) in the Red Room.

7. I would like (they, fix) an appointment for me for Tuesday.

8. We want (she, introduce) us to the president.

9. I don't want (they, be late) for dinner.

10. He expected (she, invite) to the party by the Smiths.

11. I'd like (the dress, buy) by Saturday.

12.1 don't want (she, treat) like Alice.

13. We considered (he, be) an honest person.

14. I don't like (she, prevent) me from doing it.

15. I suspect (he, help) by her.

Part B

Task B1. Change the sentences according to the model.

Model: I saw how he seized something off the table. > I saw him seize something off the table.

1. They watched how the light particles struck the heavy ones.

2. We couldn’t see how the particles acquired the opposite sign.

3. Will you be able to notice how they will acquire a sufficient charge?

4. I’ve never observed how he rubs the substance with fur.

5. I see that the substance behaves differently.

6. He watched how we brought the two substances into contact.

7. They saw how we changed the sign.

8. They heard how I spoke on the cause for the Earth’s magnetism.

9. We watched how they weighed the substances.

Task B2. Complete the sentences. Use the following verbs in the correct forms (to-infinitive or bare infinitive).

acquire change make electrify

weigh support choose observe

1. My parents want me … a sufficient knowledge of English.

2. We saw him … considerably.

3. We expect you … a new suggestion.

4. The lab assistant watched the students … the substance rubbing it with fur.

5. I asked you … the substances before the experiment takes place.

6. We heard you … the new theory.

7. I’d like you … the proper way.

8. You’d better … the behavior of the nuclei.

Task B3. Choose the correct form and translate into Russian.

1. We're still waiting for him (to arrive / arriving).

2. I would love (to visit / visiting) India one day.

3. Sandra tried (to write / writing) him a letter but he didn't answer.

4. He only finished the essay on time by (to work / working) all night.

5. Come here. I would like (to tell / telling) you something.

6. Laura didn't want to leave without (to speak / speaking) to Dan.

7. He is thinking about (to change / chanhing) jobs.

Task B3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1. He forgot (put) out the fire.

2. I'll never forget (visit) Italy for the first time.

3. Jamie couldn't stop (think) about what had happened the night before.

4. Sorry I'm a bit late. I had to stop (buy) petrol on the way over here.

5. Did you remember (get) some milk when you were out?

6. I remember (talk) to your friend Debbie at the party.

7. George isn't here; he must (be) on his way to work.

8. He wanted (catch) the 8 o'clock train but he was too late.

9. We should (do) more to help endangered species.

Part C

Task C1. Translate into English.

1. Она попросила открыть окно.

2. Она попросила сына открыть окно.

3. Он не разрешил отвезти книги в институт.

4. Он не разрешил им отвозить книги в институт.

5. Директор попросил отослать письмо по электронной почте.

6. Директор попросил секретаря отослать письмо как можно быстрее.

7. Преподаватель разрешил сдать курсовую работу.

8. Преподаватель разрешил студентам сдать курсовую работу через неделю.

9. Он приказал продать товары немедленно.

10. Он приказал своему агенту продать товары немедленно.

11. Она попросила, чтобы ей показали письмо.

12. Она попросила секретаря показать ей письмо.

Task C2. Complete each sentence so that the meaning is similar to the first sentence.

Model: I was surprised that this effect is measured directly. > I didn’t expect this effect to be measured directly.

1. At first I didn’t want to take part in the conference, but my friend persuaded me.	My friend persuaded …
2. I was not surprised that this fact found further confirmation.	I expected …
3. I think you should know the results of the experiment.	I want you …
4. This suggestion is wrong, we proved this.	We proved …
5. The developers said that users could participate in writing the manual.	The developers allowed …
6. The reaction goes faster when the pressure increases.	An increase in pressure makes …
7. Don’t stop them studying the problem.	Let …

Task C3. Translate into English using the Complex Object.

1. Я слышал, что он рассмотрел проблему достаточно хорошо.

2. Кто заставил их сравнивать эти теории?

3. Никто не сможет заставить их рассматривать этот вопрос.

4. Ничто не заставит меня изменить свое решение.

5. Мы хотим, чтоб вы поддержали новую теорию.

6. Они полагают, что мне уже предложили новое исследование.

7. Мы знаем, что они выбрали правильное решение.

8. Он хочет, чтобы мы обсудили причину его неудачи.

9. Я хочу, чтобы вы сравнили эти уравнения.

10. Он полагает, что мы приобретем достаточно хорошие знания.

Task C4. Correct the mistakes.

1. I don’t mind to walk home.

2. What made you to change your decision?

3. He asked the students calculate the price again.

4. It was really a good holiday. I enjoyed to be by the sea again.

5. He denies to have seen the document before.

6. I’ve never been to Iceland, but I’d like go there.

7. Do you want that I come?

8. Let me to carry your bag.

9. Suddenly everybody stopped to talk. There was silence.

10. They warned me not touch the switch.