Uchebnik_2_kurs

Раздел 4. Артикли

Упражнение 1

1. Only the poet or the saint can water an asphalt pavement in the confident anticipation that lilies will reward his labour. 2. All available chairs were occupied, and at least a hundred people were standing. 3. He closed his eyes. A peculiar weariness came over him. 4. I liked pleasure and good things. 5. He wanted to hide the embarrassment he felt at making this speech. 6. She looked in her handbag for an envelope. 7. Peter was alone at home, enjoying the solitude and the freedom of the empty house. My mother liked to wait until it was quite dark before we lit the gas and drew the blinds. 8. The big table was covered with texts and notebooks. 9. She answered a soft tap at the door and a maid came in with a tray which she set on the table. 10. «The injured man does not understand our language», he said and walked off to find an English doctor. 11. Number 39 was the house with plain green grass bordered by a rockery. 12. The three thin crackled notes of the gong floated into the garden inviting us to dinner. 13. I think that that is the wrong point of view. 14. My mother was capable but preoccupied, my father took it for granted that she was the stronger character and never made more than a comic pretence of interfering at home. 15. He shook his head and said:

«Well, I suppose young men must have their fling». 16. His church does not allow him a second wife. 17. She stood at the very top of the long outer staircase looking down into the dark courtyard. 18. «We are curious people», he said to them. 19. The old people had a chance of welcoming their nephew.

20. «What’s her name and where does she live?» «Miss Ann Kenyon. She has the brown cottage across the bridge». 21. A small bush to the left was engaging her attention. 22. He is a most amusing companion. 23. In his digs Peter had no cooking facilities and he ate off newspapers.

1.Most high-ranking officials of both government and industry have taken the view that some form of taxation will be necessary if Japan is to ensure stable economic growth and reduce the huge budgetary deficit without cutting deeply into welfare programs.

2.He noted that the company remained under the uncertain cloud of recession, high interest rates, and cuts in defence spending that meant fewer contracts for electronics manufacturers.

3.Riyadh – The oil ministers of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates and Qatar met Tuesday amid speculation they were about to decide on a big cutback in their crude oil production to offset the glut on world markets.

4.One reason for the disparities in wealth is the lack of a tax system. In

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Saudi Arabia, there is no property tax to prevent the accumulation of vast estates, and no income tax to slice sections off enormous incomes.

5.Paris – What may be the most important NATO meeting in a decade opens May 4 in Rome, when the foreign ministers of the allied countries gather. It will be the first serious confrontation of the allies with the new administration, and trouble is to be expected.

6.A new internal directive has been issued that, in effect, tells the people to shun social contacts with foreigners, informed sources said Wednesday.

7.That in turn has left him with little immediate choice but to become more repressive still: to re-establish his authority by force of loyal soldiery.

Упражнение 2

1. That’s a poem I learned in the nursery, but I simply can’t remember how it goes on. 2. I dislike people who talk about their private lives. 3. He told me of his duties in a manner that was friendly and a little fussy. 4. Henry hesitated a minute, then said: «I have the impression that you are not being frank with me. 5. The local Indians are a people to whom the writer is sympathetic. 6. On the pavement, walking towards me, was Sheila. She was wearing a fur coat which made her look a matron. 7. Yet her daughter was marrying a man she liked. 8. Harry brought in the consultant of whom Charles thought most highly. 9. He began to climb the stairs, which were dark and smelt of cats. 10. What he said reminded me of a film I had seen. 11. He was wearing a tweed jacket with leather inserts at the elbows, which was a thing that I had never seen before. 12. Her eyes were really like searchlights, picking out things that no one else saw. 13. It was not a job that he liked. 14. Her husband made her presents of books she did not read. 15. He returned the old woman’s smile. 16. That dog is a proper brute with strangers. I’ve known him bite clean through a lady’s stockings. 17. Thirty years before she taught at a smart girls’ school. 18. Very early in my life I was taught not to believe a girl’s tears. 19. I was told by my friends not to believe the girl’s tears. 20. She spoke guardedly, and her green eyes veiled themselves like a parrot’s eyes. 21. Then she leaped to one side as a car’s brakes screamed behind her.

22.They made a two hours’ journey in a train which stopped at every station.

23.She was not the little girl he had known, but she was not yet a woman either.

1.Under the law that established public financing of presidential campaigns, a presidential candidate who accepts the public funding may not directly raise any outside campaign money.

2.«How much can a president really be in charge if he is a 9-to-5 kind of fellow? I think such a president can do the job», said a presidential historian at the University of Colorado. «A tremendous capacity to recruit

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first-rate people and delegate authority is the one thing a president needs to do in order to enlarge his influence».

3.As Britain’s deepest post-war recession continues, with industrial production plummeting and unemployment soaring at rates last seen during the Depression, fears are growing that Prime Minister’s medicine may be permanently disabling rather than curing.

4.«Which candidate are you against?» ... «All the candidates have given me a reason to vote against them».

5.Democratic economists believe that at a time when business is operating with considerable slack, the nation could stand even larger deficits without much risk of accelerating inflation.

6.There was a time when the government leaders were well aware of this.

7.Few corporations are willing or able to risk the huge sums necessary to complete on a world-wide scale. So, corporations have been seeking partners in the production of vehicles and their components, some in order to survive, others in order to expand even further.

Упражнение 3

1. My friend is a man of culture and wide reading. 2. His voice was determined, the lines of his face had grown harsh. 3. Tom sat down on the edge of a log and looked at the glassy surface of the lake. 4. The college ordinary course was planned to run for a full academic year of forty seven weeks. 5. The lamplight made his skin the colour of red brick. 6. He always took the line of least resistance. 7. My grandfather was a man of force and intellect. 8. From the kitchen came the singing of a kettle on the stove. 9. Heat up the water to a temperature of 60 C. 10. From the sitting-room came a chink of light beneath the door, and the sound of whispers from my mother and her friends. 11. The wallpaper was dark blue with a design of conventional flowers. 12. Nature provides animals with weapons of defence; the snake, the scorpion, the bee have their sting. 13. The French, he thought, are always finding occasions to block traffic. 14. «Do you know why Americans like fried stuff?» John asked. «They’ve lost their taste. From morning to night they are chewing gum and drinking Coke». 15. At birth man is not yet a man. To become one he must provide himself with the things that make man a man. In other words, with that which distinguishes man from animals. 16. «A man is fundamentally honest», he observed. 17. I spoke of the economic position of woman. 18. Aunt Laura was a widow of an auctioneer. 19. When

Murry was appointed editor of «The Literary Gazette» his salary became eight hundred a year. 20. As it was, she was the best-looking woman there. 21. Hart was an uneasy nervous man who broke into flashes of speech. 22. John could not make up his mind about the blackmail. He had been led to

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think that McGrath himself was the blackmailer, or at least a blackmailer because he had the personality to be a blackmailer. 23. After some most astonishing adventures in New Guinea he made himself king of some wild tribe. 24. Henry Greene was the son of a general.

1.He is ready to support a measure of political unity in the Common Market but made it as clear as ever that such a Union will be firmly grounded in national – rather than supranational – structure.

2.West Germany has now built up its trade to a position among the main suppliers to many countries in Southeast Asia.

3.The Boston schools are in terrible shape, and the school budget faces a massive cutback that will lower the quality of education still further. Racial tensions continue. Crime is serious, the police and court and prison facilities inadequate.

4.Washington – The new administration has decided to propose a relaxation of air pollution regulations to make it easier for oil refiners, steel producers and other basic industries to expand and modernise their plants, Vice President announced.

5.In a foreign policy address, the choice of theme is in itself a policy decision; the choice of topics sets priorities; the choice of words is studied closely in foreign capitals.

6.United Nations, N.Y. – UN officials report that seven Arab oilproducing countries in the Gulf are about to announce a $250-million annual fund for UN aid agencies.

7.To the average housewife, who can see for herself that the prices in the supermarket are edging up, the Labor Department’s bulletin last week was hardly a surprise.

8.But few housewives or their husbands either, were aware of another, «invisible» form of inflation – namely, reductions in the size of packages that are not accompanied by reduction in price.

Упражнение 4

1. He was the son of a distinguished soldier. He was given first-class education. 2. My brother takes the affair with the utmost seriousness. 3. It was a blazing hot August morning and I tried to beg myself off. 4. I was surprised at the readiness with which she agreed to my suggestion. 5. The only persons present were Mrs Perger and an old friend of the family, Colonel Legrand, an army doctor who had been a brother officer of Robert’s father. 6. She looked at me with her keen eyes: «You’re not the sort of boy to be satisfied, are you?» 7. Evening was falling, and as I turned back towards the house its upper windows shone like blazing shields in the last of sunlight. 8. His wife, a pretty little thing, was an actress for the moment out of a job. 9. It was a wet,

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warm summer day and the windows of the drawing-room stood open. 10. «I suppose», he said, «you are the young man who wants to come here as a pupil, aren’t you?» 11. My father’s hours became more irregular; sometimes he stayed in the house in he morning and sometimes both he and my mother were out all day. 12. As students would do, we had interminable conversations about art and literature. 13. Grant took up the receiver with an eagerness of which he was not conscious. 14. In the morning, grey and dark, we sat over our breakfast. 15. Robie examined his father with the dispassionate attention he gave everything. 16. He then went to Hamburg where a friend of his was manager of the theatre. 17. They ran from room to room examining them with the curiosity of children. 18. It was a little after seven on a summer morning. 19. I have great admiration for him. 20. I’ll tell you all about it tomorrow night. 21. He got up and soaked a tea towel with cold water and put it on the man’s face. The man brushed it off, but it had had a reviving effect. 22. We spent the next three hours talking and drinking coffee; then I had to hurry off to catch the last bus. I missed it by a few minutes, and had a fivemile walk back home. I didn’t mind this; it was a cold, starry night, and the air sometimes had a sweet smell – as if, I thought, it blew from an ice-cream factory.

1.Labour Party leader called the figures «tragic and terrible» and called for a debate in Parliament.

2.Brussels – EEC finance ministers agreed Monday to seek a common policy on the stabilising of interest rates before the economic summit conference scheduled for July in Ottawa.

3.Some Planning Ministry officials favour an income tax not because the government needs the money, but because they believe Kuwaitis should understand the relationship between effort and reward.

4.Bonn – Under mounting political pressure to do something to stimulate West Germany’s slumping economy, the Bonn government Wednesday announced a series of incentives to boost business investment, particularly in energy and new technology fields.

5.Government cutbacks in state spending have badly hit local authorities, and most have started big cutbacks, including layoffs that have worsened unemployment currently at 2.06 million, or 8.5 per cent of the work force.

6.Yesterday’s proceedings were an antiquated farce, enjoyed by no one, and serving little purpose. The sensible way to wrap up a parliamentary session would surely be to vote a closure on the last day of the summer term.

7.Few other international problems have such a complex structure or such wide repercussions.

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Упражнение 5

1. There was an empty bottle by the side of the bed, which had contained milk, and in a piece of newspaper a few crumbs. 2. The driver was a broadfaced man who looked like the captain of a liner. 3. When he was in hospital she could not get permission to visit him. 4. The boy Roger sprawled on the mat near the door. 5. He rattled on telling anecdote after anecdote. 6. All through the afternoon he had been torn by a sorrow his brother did not know. 7. Her face had the hardness of a face on a coin. 8. Don’t be liar enough to say that you like it. 9. She spoke of cars with the lyrical intensity that other people gave to spring, or the first snow drop. 10. Finally I came down with pneumonia. My mother took me home to nurse me. While I was getting over the pneumonia I decided what I was going to do. 11. He was playing with the dog’s ears who had established himself by the bed. 12. I have to go up to town on Tuesday to see a man. 13. He became secretary of the society he founded. 14. Iron is the bread of industry, nickel is the meat. 15. It was a cheerful place in which to pass a wet March afternoon. 16. They went out and saw that dawn was breaking. 17. He took him for a ride in twilight. 18. If she could feel hunger and thirst, heat and cold, then she could feel love and love for a man. Well, he was a man. And why could he not be the man? 19. For a long time I had longed for a machine that could move at a speed of seventy miles an hour. 20. It was a sunny day full of the sound of bees. 21. He stepped out into the twilight and breathed the pure air. 22. Gerda doesn’t know art from a coloured photograph. 23. In the street in front of the houses there was nothing but dust and hard brick and cars and dirty children.

1.Frankfurt – the Bundesbank said Thursday that it does not see any room for a retreat from its tight credit policies despite an economic downturn, which has spurred repeated calls for lower interest rates to stimulate the economy and fight unemployment.

2.The 750 delegates from 400 branches of the Soviet of Civil and Public Servants, representing 100,000 Civil Service executives, will almost certainly endorse a well-planned campaign of sharp industrial action to win a claim over three times the limit set by the Tory government.

3.All this boiled down to a demand, not yet explicitly stated, for a program of aid and reconstruction the scale being planned for Europe at that time by the incipient Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC).

4.The coalition began campaigning for a tax to get at excessive oil profits early last fall.

5.It is time for a decision: without it, in the end, there will be no possible

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solution.

6.Washington – Twenty-four American political figures, most of them of

Irish ancestry, Tuesday urged an end to «the fear and the terrorism and the bigotry» in Northern Ireland and proposed that the administration find a way to promote a peaceful settlement of the conflict.

7.Certainly there was little evidence that he would be able to shift the State Secretary from his fundamental lack of enthusiasm for the project.

Упражнение 6

1. «Do you know where he’s staying?» «At the Bristol». 2. Mr. Robinson arrived at London airport from New York yesterday on his way to the Soviet

Union. 3. Usually he used to read a few articles out of the «Time» or the «Newsweek». 4. When last heard from he was at the University of Berlin. 5.

They drove up to the main terminal – a brightly lighted, air-conditioned Taj-

Mahal. 6. The «Friedrich Weber» was a freighter sailing from Hamburg to

Colombo. 7. The lady talked bad French at the top of her voice. 8. There’s a good film at the Regal Cinema this week. 9. Andy grinned from ear to ear.

10.In the dining-room the child Terry was howling at the top of his voice.

11.The boy Roger had arrived home with measles; his mother blessed the measles that brought him home. 12. The Adamses were pleasant people with a large family. 13. «Is your father a businessman?» «Not really. He is a professor». «A teacher?» she asked with a note of disappointment. «Well, he is a kind of authority, you know. People consult him». «About health? Is he a doctor?» «Not that sort of doctor. He is a doctor of engineering, though». 14. It is necessary indeed to go back to the middle of the nineteenth century, when an industrious and intelligent man called Sibert Mason, who had been head gardener at a grand place in Sussex and had married the cook, bought with his savings and hers a few acres north of London and set up as a market gardener. 15. Aunt Milly was an enthusiastic liberal; my mother was a patriotic, true-blue conservative. 16. Hour after hour struck, and still he wandered on and on from room to room, from house to house, from corridor to corridor. 17. Margie soon came down with the grippe and was very hard to deal with. 18. As we were returning up the street, a cat darted out from one of the houses in front of us. Montmorency gave a cry of joy and flew after his prey. His victim was a large black Tom. I never saw a larger cat, nor a more dis- reputable-looking cat. It was a long, sinewy-looking animal. It had a calm contented air about it.

1.Tokyo – Japan Tuesday announced a broad plan to boost its sagging but still powerful economy, including more public works spending, aid for industries and a drive to export more industrial plant. The measures are designed in part to reduce reliance on exports for economic growth.

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2.The disclosure that a Pulitzer Prize-winning account had been fabricated has focused attention on the steps a newspaper or a broadcast station takes to verify a story when a reporter says the main participants cannot be identified.

3.Washington – Justice Department officials are developing a package of legislative proposals to increase the federal government’s ability to fight violent crime.

4.A just and durable Mideast peace cannot be achieved piecemeal, or by exclusion of any of the parties. The U.S. Administration is playing this game by playing one against the other – with dangerous results for a just and lasting peace in the Mideast.

5.Bonn – An era has ended in West Germany. It lasted for 30 years and it was called «industrial peace».

6.An array of cheap government loans and services were made available to encourage investment in industry.

7.Washington – Well over a year ago, the West German paper Die Welt suggested that the U.S. President propose a tax on consumption, such as a value-added tax (VAT) or national sales tax.

Упражнение 7.

1. Интересно, что премьер-министр собирается делать со всем этим? 2. Мы сделали то немногое. что в наших силах. 3. Полковник Смит – наш большой друг. 4. Ну, он, конечно, не Шекспир... 5. Нагрейте воду до температуры 75 . 6. Эта женщина – вдова генерала. 7. Архитектор Андерсон был одним из лучших выпускников Академии. 8. Поторопись! Мы должны вернуться к рассвету. 9. Я ушел из дому холодным зимним утром. 10. Вас хочет видеть некий мистер Смит. 11. Он выпускник Гарвардского университета. 12. Я 7 лет проработал клерком в конторе. 13. Из открытой двери доносились звуки музыки. 14. Профессор Браун в больнице: у него сегодня сложная операция. 15. По воскресеньям мы всегда ходили в церковь. 16. Я выбрал книгу, в которой рассказывалось об истории моей родины. 17. В темноте он наткнулся на кровать, стоявшую в углу комнаты. 18. Доктор запретил мне вставать с постели до четверга. 19. Я не люблю людей, которые рассказывают посторонним о своей личной жизни. 20. В 1967 г. он был назначен редактором местной газеты. 21. Корабль «Куин Элизабет» недавно вернулся из кругосветного плавания. 22. В полночь раздался крик совы. 23. Все семейство собралось за унылым завтраком. 24. Энди улыбнулся от уха до уха. 25. На следующий день я слег с воспалением легких. 26. Эти данные я взял из «Нью сайентист». 27. Его слова напомнили мне об одном фильме, который я видел. 28. Как известно, Волга впадает в Каспий-

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ское море. 29. Его религия не позволяет ему иметь вторую жену. 30. Французы – очень любопытная нация.

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Часть II

Раздел 1. Тексты для глобальной трансформации

1. После кризиса 17 августа реальные доходы населения вследствие роста цен упали примерно на 30%. Причем в этот раз больше пострадали относительно состоятельные граждане, средний класс. Соответственно сократился спрос на товары более дорогие, в том числе и потому, что на товары первой необходимости, без которых нельзя обойтись, в среднем приходится тратить большую долю доходов семьи.

2. Будем надеяться, что в России все-таки наступит рост доходов и этап частичного восстановления рынков. Однако на возврат к положению до августа рассчитывать не стоит. Тогда мы жили лучше, чем позволяла экономика, за счет долгов и искусственно завышенного курса рубля. Нынешняя ситуация хуже для населения, но стабильнее и в целом благоприятнее для экономики.

3. Бонн. – Несмотря на то, что в Германии сейчас официально насчитывается свыше 4 млн. безработных, сотни тысяч рабочих мест, в частности, система общественного питания и лесное хозяйство, остаются незанятыми. На такое положение дел в стране указывает германский еженедельник «Штерн». Существуют главные причины, которые делают для немцев ту или иную работу неприемлемой: трудиться в выходные дни и после 18 часов, если работа тяжелая или же грязная, – отмечает еженедельник.

4. Создается впечатление, что нанесение поражения Югославии является не целью, а лишь средством достижения совсем иных целей. «Центром притяжения» американских интересов является, скорее всего, Албания. Введя туда войска под благородным предлогом защиты албанских земляков в Косово, США и их союзники взяли под свой контроль страну, которую издавна называют «ключом к Адриатике».

5. Вся информация оперативно доводится до президента, правительства и лиц, непосредственно занятых в переговорном процессе, и более широкому разглашению не подлежит, поскольку это может мгновенно и необратимо нарушить ту хрупкую политическую и военную стабильность, которая существует на сей день. Если же ситуация ухудшится, то Европу неминуемо ждет целая волна подобных конфликтов.

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