Uchebnik_2_kurs

6.In addition the UN Charter provided that the United Nations should not intervene in the internal affairs of a State.

7.They insisted that the exact demands of the three main groups should be outlined so that the Common Market could be in no doubt about them.

Упражнение 2

1. He was afraid that he might be taken for a burglar. 2. He seemed nervous lest he should set his son a bad example. 3. I passed the door quickly, fearful lest the nurse who sat up all night should hear me. 4. I said: «You know, doctor, I’m afraid I might tend to be a little inquisitive sometimes». 5. He told us to get into the back of the car so that we could talk. 6. He pretended to speak to someone, so that the servant should not think that he was alone in the room. 7. The girl kept her window open day and night so that the cat could come into her room whenever it felt inclined. 8. She lowered her voice so that her mother should not hear us. 9. Grace took the necessary steps so that they could get married at once. 10. He sat at his desk as though he were writing, but he neither wrote nor read. 11. The dog greeted Frank as if they had not met for a year. 12. He was flushed and looked as if he might burst into tears. 13. She kept on glancing round the room as if she were looking for somebody. 14. She used to look as though she had been crying. 15. If you were to ask me I couldn’t tell you. 16. If you were travelling alone you would have got to the city by now. 17. If he were to be invited to the party he wouldn’t know what to wear. 18. If anything should happen to him I shall stay in my office the whole day. 19. I wonder what effect it will have on my sister’s nerves if John should turn his back to her. 20. However, if it should be proved on him, he will have to leave my house. 21. If I were a playwright I’d write a nice, old-fashioned play in which the heroine is pure and beautiful and makes a man out of her husband. 22. If he knew he would have told me. I’m sure he knows nothing. 23. Her lips were parted as if she were out of breath.

1.It appears doubtful whether the formula will meet the Government’s insistence that the UN sanctions should not lead to economic confrontation with South Africa.

2.New York. – As the House of Representatives is getting ready to debate the President’s proposed budget, young people across the country will gather in the halls of Congress to demand that the government provide a job for every single youth willing and able to work.

3.The paper also recommended that the eligibility age for retirement benefits be raised gradually from 65 to 68 by the year 2012.

4.The pragmatists argue that the president cannot afford to take the political risk of seeing hundreds of thousands of automobile workers thrown

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out of jobs because of foreign competition. They urge that the administration ask the Japanese government to restrain the level of Japanese automobile exports for three years.

5.One of the first suggestions he made shortly after he took office, was that a lottery be run to rescue UN finances.

6.Time and again he attempted to make the apparently reasonable request that the General Assembly reach decisions through voting.

7.The majority of people, be they politicians, trade unionists or employers, are now all in favour of East-West trade. The problem today is how to break down the remaining barriers.

Упражнение 3

1. These are things which would be hard for a child to understand. 2. Lock the door so that nobody should disturb us. 3. «Look at this scene», she said, «Where else in the world would you ever see anything like that?» 4. It wouldn’t have made any difference. 5. «I don’t want to go there.» «Why not? I wouldn’t miss the match for anything. We could watch it from quite far away.» «Mother wouldn’t like it». 6. I think it would be wise to wait till the evening. 7. If any difficulty should arise, call me up at once. 8. He smiled as if he did not believe what I was saying. 9. The girl sat quiet, with her hands in her lap, as though she were watching TV. 10. He spoke of the book as if he had read it. 11. I left a note for him on the desk so that he would see it the moment he came back. 12. He didn’t utter a word as though he hadn’t heard us talk about him. 13. The floor in the room was so dusty as if it hadn’t been swept for days. 14. He smiled and patted her shoulder as if she were a child. 15. He felt that if he were to refuse the offer his father would be angry with him. 16. I put on my hat so that I should not have to come up again. 17. I wouldn’t do it if I were you. 18. In case you should have to leave unexpectedly, send me a note. 19. «You must always watch out for the traffic here», said the nanny. «What would your mother say if you were to get run over?»

20.Stay with him, please, and if he should ask for anything, let me know.

21.If I were to say a thing like that to your aunt she would think me a lunatic. 22. I’ll be at the flat all evening in case you should change your mind.

23.Possibly he would feel and act differently in his reaction to his daughter’s marriage if the circumstances were different.

1.If Bonn should decide to buy less gas, it would certainly soften U.S. opposition. But if the West Germans conclude they need all the gas they are slated to get, there could be trouble.

2.He said that he had been told by his CIA contact that the US was in a position to arrange a coup in Mozambique through South Africa and that should he be in danger of discovery, he was to take a flight to South

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Africa where he would be «very warmly received».

3.Should the Tories succeed in finding a candidate we may yet see the spectacle of the three brands of Tories fighting each other for the votes.

4.Today’s talks, therefore, will certainly lay down guide-lines for a Tory Manifesto should an early election materialise.

5.Even should it be decided to extend the session, only ten days can be gained; so – the argument runs – it is better to wait for the new session, especially as the Lords may impose its veto and delay the Bill 12 months.

6.Objections to this plan, supposing their should be any, should be reported to the committee at once.

7.If the two weaker companies were to collapse, hundreds of thousands of jobs would be lost in the auto industry, alone, and perhaps a million jobs taking into account the industries that produce materials for cars such as steel and glass.

Упражнение 4

1. I wouldn’t have thought it possible if I hadn’t seen it with my own eyes. 2. I would have liked the play better if it were not so long. 3. If it had not been for his illness the family would have moved to town. 4. If he had come in time it might not have happened. 5. If it had rained I would have got wet through, I had a very light dress on. 6. If you were not so busy we might go somewhere for dinner. 7. If I had stayed a moment longer I don’t know what I might have said. 8. If we had no luggage we could walk to the station. 9. I did not blame him. I would have done the same. 10. «I was curious, you see.» «I’d have been curious, too.» 11. I should never have thought that you would learn to drive so soon. 12. He would have said a lot more, but he was tired. 13. It would be much more convenient if he were to move to a hotel. 14. If I were to tell you of the things the girl does, you would open your eyes. 15. I should certainly try to deserve your confidence if you would give me another chance. 16. «I don’t care if the whole school knows.» «If that should happen, we shall have to send you home.» 17. The situation was embarrassing. If I went in at once it would be obvious that I had overheard the words that had just been spoken. 18. He’s been so quick. I wouldn’t have done half of it in this time. 19. But for that accident the thought of you would never have crossed his mind. 20. She was glad that her statement was truthful. This curious man, she felt, would have recognized a polite evasion. 21. We often ran when walking would have done as well. 22. Charles would not have thought of coming that night, but for me. 23. Her husband agreed to hiring a grand piano though, he said, an upright piano would have done.

1.One of their fears is that the auto industry, if given relief, would in-

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crease prices rather than production.

2.Any proposal to go ahead with this disgusting weapon should be vigorously combated. It may be immensely profitable to the chemical industry, but if ever it were used, it would bring an agonising death to thousands.

3.Arguing that ignoring Third World grievances would be politically short-sighted, the French and West German foreign ministers urged the US administration to attend the summit session.

4.Mr M. believes that granting citizenship to more foreigners would consolidate loyalty to the state, simplify manpower problems, lessen dependence on more immigration and motivate Kuwaitis to work harder.

5.If it were just another scandal bringing down Italy’s 40th post-war government, editors and readers alike would have to fight to stifle yawns and keep their eyes from glazing over. But this time, a tantalising series of scandals wrapped inside a medieval secret society has provoked the crisis.

6.It would be foolish to think that all this will be easy.

7.Even if this proposal were acted upon, and it is now evident that the President has disavowed it, the fundamental guns-instead-of-butter nature of the economy would in no way be altered.

Упражнение 5

1. I wish I had a lab of my own. 2. She almost wished she hadn’t asked them to dinner. 3. I wish I could drop the whole matter. 4. I wish it had happened to anyone but you. 5. I wish you had brought your sister with you. 6. «I wish Paul could have stayed a few minutes», I said. 7. He wished they would let him enjoy his dinner in peace. 8. Oh, how I wish it would rain! 9. I wish you wouldn’t be so horrid, Willy, just when I’m so miserable. 10. I wish that your daughter were just a little like you. 11. I wish you’d make up your mind one way or another. 12. He wished the evening were already over. 13. I sometimes wish you hadn’t decided to write that book, Hugh. 14. I do wish we had a proper garden. 15. Oh, God, how I wish I’d never done it. 16. I do wish Willy would change his mind about taking up German. 17. He wished he knew how to console his wife. 18. I wish you would start writing poems again. 19. I wish more people in the office had your sense of humour, Jack. 20. She wished she could hear what they were saying downstairs. 21. I wish he would stop writing to me. 22. I wish I had found him at home. 23. I wished I had not told them about my life.

1.This veto provision reflects the conviction of those who drafted the Charter that the United Nations would be unable to take an important initiative for the maintenance of peace and security unless there was

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unanimity among the big powers and that to attempt so would be a futile gesture, endangering the organisation.

2.Some black leaders made charges that help would have come more quickly if the dead and missing children had been white.

3.The blacks believe that if white children had been involved the tragedy would have received huge public and press attention.

4.Had he not been forced to manoeuvre the craft to avoid a boulder-filled crater, he would have touched down with almost two minutes of fuel remaining.

5.U.S. Embassy sources stressed that the visas would never have been issued to the five officers, who were represented as diplomats going for routine consultations with their own embassy, if their military function had been known.

6.Unemployment of those proportions, were it general, would be a national catastrophe.

7.Had the election campaign been still in progress the wage squeeze might have become an issue.

Упражнение 6

1. Oh, if only you’d be as you used to be. 2. It’s desirable that the issue should be settled as soon as possible. 3. He asked me to stay with him in the country so that he could read his novel to me when it was finished. 4. She arranged that next morning the boy should come to the house where she had taken a room so that they could spend the day together. 5. He feared that after twenty years he would find his sister a rather disillusioned woman. 6. His mother knew very well who the man was, but wanted to act as though she had no idea of it. 7. He got his sister to make herself scarce for a few hours so that his new friend shouldn’t know that he did not live alone. 8. When the boys learned of Peter’s diary it was inevitable that they should also set writing diaries of their own. 9. He insisted that people in plays should talk as they talked in real life. 10. I wish I had seen more of them before the war. 11. Now if I were to get Helen sacked, this of course would mean telling everybody what she did. 12. «I’m afraid I can’t stay», I said. «If I stayed I’d have to tell things that they wouldn’t like and that would spoil their fun.» 13. I wouldn’t tell you anything even if I could remember the facts. 14. I know I’ve broken your life. And we might have been happy. 15. He was afraid that he might forget the name and asked me to put it down for him. 16. There was a wonderful concert at the Victoria Hall we could have gone to. But now we are late for anything. 17. He was not well off and he went about in dread lest he should be dismissed. 18. In the old days she would have argued, but now she only nodded sadly. 19. I wish I had a lot of money. I wouldn’t live an-

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other day in London. 20. Of course, I told myself, he might have been detained, but in this case he would have telephoned me. 21. When he rang up home, his wife was not in. Normally it wouldn’t have upset him, but today he needed her advice badly. 22. Edward proposed that he should fetch Bateman at five so that they could drive out together to Jackson’s house. 23. It would have made small difference to the universe if I had never existed.

1.February’s trade figures showed a £62 million deficit. There would have been an even worse result had it not been for the £559 million that foreign businessmen invested in Britain.

2.But for import restrictions, quotas and American-imposed embargoes, Anglo-Soviet trade would be larger than it is today.

3.The Prime Minister refused to be drawn yesterday into saying what he would do if his attempt to «renegotiate» the agreement were to fail.

4.Opposing the introduction of Cruise and Trident missiles in Britain, Mr K. said it was ludicrous to talk as if the West was defenceless. The military budget of the US alone was more than a third of total world arms spending.

5.It was time that those supporting heavy defence spending and nuclear missiles emerged from 1914 and 1939 thinking to the real world of 60,000 nuclear weapons with the risks of accidents, proliferation and first strike.

6.It is high time that Canada abandoned this course and changed course while there is still time to do so.

7.The British Foreign Secretary will now be entering what are officially termed «the pre-negotiations» with an ardent will to succeed. But the Prime Minister would hardly have taken the unprecedented step of deciding to go along, too, had he been sure they would fail.

Упражнение 7

1.It was decided that the children should go to the Zoo right after breakfast.

2.I wish you wouldn’t smoke so much. 3. He demanded that he should be paid at once. 4. I wish I had told the truth. 5. It’s necessary that you should take a month’s holiday. 6. There are not many people who would have taken the whole thing so calmly. 7. I went to my room so that no one should disturb me for an hour or two. 8. Now he wouldn’t have made such a mistake. 9. I do wish this term were over. 10. For a moment he was afraid that Fred would sit down beside him and go on talking. 11. If only someone would believe me! 12. I should think he might be capable of it. 13. «Will you do it?» «Oh, I’d rather you did it.» 14. Someone suggested that a doctor should be sent for. 15. It’s time we got down to work. 16. We were afraid that he might fall ill. 17. One always spoke of her like that, in the third person, as

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though she were not there. 18. He knew if his mother were to sit beside him and touch his hand, all would immediately be well. 19. You would not understand my difficulty even if I were to tell you. 20. He looked at Roberta as if he had never before seen anything like her. 21. He left instructions that we should be taken on a sightseeing tour of the town. 22. Oh, if she had only known where to write to him!

1.It is not for this administration to be more selective about the international responsibilities that the United States should be ready to bear. Rather, its choice is to show with greater certainty that it can bear them all.

2.In addition Congress may be reluctant to approve the sale of eight Lockheed antisubmarine planes to Brazil because they must be used to apprehend U.S. fishing vessels inside the 200-mile territorial limit proclaimed by the Brazilian government. But Administration staffers have made clear that were it not for fear of an explosive reaction in Congress, the arms lid would be off altogether.

3.The president was to be wined, dined and entertained, but he was also expected to be confronted with demonstrations and protests. A demonstration was planned by environmental groups to protest the alleged reneging by the United States on promises to limit fallout of acid rain on Canada.

4.Washington. – The House of Representatives will begin deliberations Tuesday on a bill to increase transportation aid to cities.

The nation’s handicapped are demanding the bill include regulations requiring cities with mass transit systems to improve facilities for handicapped and disabled people.

A bill on mass transit passed the Senate in June, and supporters are pushing for passage in the lame duck House session. They anticipate a tougher battle should the bill have to face next year’s more conservative congress.

5.An unemployed black man was discriminated against because of his race when he applied to become a census enumerator, an industrial tribunal has decided.

Mr J. 31, who was the only black person in Liverpool to apply to take part on Britain’s population survey last year as an enumerator, was refused a post.

Упражнение 8

1. If it hadn’t been for his work in the British Museum Library he would never have found the book. 2. He locked the paper in his desk so that nobody should see it. 3. If Meg hadn’t been with them he would have asked them

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about his father. 4. I should have told you a long time ago how much you have always meant to me. 5. If I were ever to meet him again I would know what to do. 6. «If my parents hadn’t taken me along with them I would have never forgiven them», the boy said to me. 7. I wish I could tell you about it. 8. He feared that he would make a poor impression. 9. I should have thought you’d be glad to see your old friend. 10. And then he suddenly felt powerless, as though his bones had suddenly become soft. 11. My suggestion was that he should come and spend a few days with me so that he could look about till he found some house to suit him. 12. I wish you had seen the letter. It would have explained everything to you. 13. I insist that we should stay here. 14. His father decided that he should study law. 15. It’s time you woke him up. 16. They fell in love with each other and they would have married at once if she had been free. 17. It is recommended that people with a weak heart should take these pills twice a day. 18. I wish I had known you needed the book. I could have bought it for you in London. 19. Be careful about the key. If you should lose it we’ll never open the safe. 20. It was suggested to me that I should write a review of the book. 21. My husband’s intention was that we should settle down in Brighton. 22. I hid the paper under the cushion so that Max should not see it.

1.For the teachers the inspectors have only praise. Their attitude «is of professional commitment and resourcefulness».

But, the report adds: «There is evidence that teachers’ morale has been adversely affected in many schools.

«Its weakening, if it became widespread, would pose a major problem in the effort to maintain present standards, let alone improve them.»

2.While Trades Union Congress leaders were being pressed yesterday at Downing Street to agree to wage freezing, Stock Exchange speculators were pushing share prices to a new record level.

3.Behind this action lies an admission of, and a determination to solve, the real problem of every weatherman – that meteorologists actually know frighteningly little about the weather. «If a scientist in any other field made predictions based on so little basic information», the head of the United States Weather Bureau’s international unit remarked recently, «he’d be flatly out of his mind». And if chemistry were now at the same stage as meteorology, a colleague added, the world would just be beginning to worry about the horrifying effect of gunpowder in warfare.

4.Both countries have an interest in avoiding such an extension of the area of conflict because of the threatening consequences, were the localisation to fail.

5.The decision that there should be no broadcast on matters which were

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about to be debated in Parliament was originally neither negotiated nor bargained for.

6.Many past air crashes, as subsequent investigation has shown, could have been avoided. There are many points which need an answer. Perhaps the answers to these questions will be satisfactory. In this case every possible step may have been taken that could have been taken, and it may be shown that only a human error that could not have been foreseen caused the crash.

Упражнение 9

1. Если бы он был умнее, он бы не пошел вчера в лес. 2. Если бы она не прислала вчера это письмо, мой брат был бы сейчас дома. 3. Жаль, что вы не слышали музыку Рахманинова. Если бы вы ее слышали, вы бы знали, какой это замечательный композитор. 4. Он так изменился! Если бы вы его встретили, вы бы его не узнали. 5. На вашем месте я бы посоветовался с родителями. 6. Если бы сейчас подошел трамвай, мы бы не опоздали. 7. Жаль, что нам раньше не пришло в голову поискать эту книгу в библиотеке. 8. Жаль, что у нас было так мало уроков. Если бы мы больше поработали, мы бы лучше знали язык. 9. Если бы ты предупредил меня заранее, я бы уже был в Москве. 10. Если бы не его немецкий акцент, никто бы ничего не заподозрил. 11. Если бы не дождь, дети спали бы сегодня на открытом воздухе. 12. Он потребовал, чтобы ему заплатили за помощь. 13. Она спрятала письмо под подушку, чтобы никто его не нашел. 14. Тебе давно пора преподать урок. 15. Жаль, что я не знал, что тебе нужна эта книга. Я бы купил ее тебе, когда был в Москве. 16. Пора его будить. 17. Мама настаивала на том, чтобы ехать поездом. 18. Жаль, что вы не видели это письмо. Оно бы вам все объяснило. 19. Даже если бы она вернулась, это ничего бы не изменило. 20. Будь осторожен с ключами. В случае, если ты их потеряешь, мы не сможем открыть сейф. 21. Если бы он пришел вовремя, этого могло бы и не случиться. 22. Он предложил оставить эту тему и поговорить о чем-нибудь другом. 23. Пора бы тебе убрать в комнате. 24. Она не закрывала окно, чтобы ее кошка могла попасть в комнату в любое время. 25. Было решено, что дети пойдут в зоопарк сразу после завтрака. 26. Как бы я хотела, чтобы ты бросил курить! 27. Если бы только она знала, где его искать! 28. Жаль, что я не застал его дома. 29. Я бы ничего не сказал вам, даже если бы мог. 30. Будь у Джейка деньги, он бы давно уже уехал в столицу.

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Раздел 3. Модальные глаголы

Упражнение 1

1. What on earth induced her to behave as she did, I never could understand. She could have married anybody she chose. 2. I ate the next course grimly to an end; she couldn’t have been enjoying her meal much either. 3. «Life», the old man said, «can only be understood backward. Now I see clearly all the mistakes I made and could have avoided». 4. Really he had no idea that she could use water-colour as well as that. 5. She would often say that no one but she could control the little girl. 6. Milly asked what time it was, and her mother said it couldn’t be more that one. 7. He couldn’t possibly afford a car on his present salary. 8. I couldn’t help seeing that she was ill. 9. I could not but put him up for the night. 10. He could have done it last week. He wasn’t particularly busy. 11. She couldn’t have made a mistake. 12. Can they have been waiting for us? 13. Evans was so illiterate that he could not have written a word of the report. 14. «She didn’t understand you», cried Philip. «She understood me well enough». «She could not have understood you», he repeated doggedly. 15. She had a square face that could never have looked young. 16. «What are you looking at, Willy?» «Nothing, dear». «You can’t be looking at nothing». 17. She raised her voice and called, «Can you hear me?» 18. At that moment I could have killed him. 19. He couldn’t have been more than thirty at the time we first met him. 20. They’re very nice to me. They couldn’t be more polite and obliging.

1.Concerning US-Japanese trade relations during the next four years, the banking leader sees some problems ahead, which he hopes can be resolved through compromise or mutual agreement.

2.Orthodox economics agrees that a tax cut can increase investment, but says that the cut has to take effect before investment responds. The plan of the present Administration holds that the effect can precede the cause.

3.London – Britain’s ideologically torn opposition Labour Party moved last week to the brink of a formal split that could bring about the first significant realignment of British political parties in 60 years.

4.A partial solution would be to store enough oil so that the economies of Europe, Japan and the United States could withstand a new jolt and their foreign policies would no longer be at the mercy of oil potentates.

5.Washington – A single nuclear bomb exploding in the atmosphere over the United States could lead to a nation-wide power blackout because US power stations are too vulnerable, according to an official study.

6.Months of wrangling over fishing rights have led to tension between

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