Суффиксы глаголов
Глагол несет значение соответствующего прилагательного или существительного, на основе которого он сформирован.
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Суффикс
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Значение |
Примеры |
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-ate |
делать, осуществлять |
active - activate |
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-en |
действие, придающее качество, выраженное в основе глагола |
sharp – to sharpen |
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-fy, -ify |
делать, осуществлять, превращать |
simple - simplify |
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-ize(AE) -ise(BE) |
вести себя подобно, проводить ту или иную политику или производить действие |
private - privatize |
Exercises
Образуйте от данных прилагательных глаголы, используя суффикс –en. Переведите на русский язык.
Black, sharp, short, red, soft, deep, dark, bright, weak white, sweet, wide.
Образуйте от данных прилагательных глаголы, используя суффикс –fy. Переведите на русский язык.
Simple, pure, beauty, solid, identic(al), false intense.
Образуйте от данных существительных глаголы, используя суффикс –ize(ise). Переведите на русский язык.
Character, crystal, sympathy, agony, apology.
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами –глаголами.
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Like many modern developed countries, The United Kingdom has a mixed economy. This means that some sectors of economy are operated by the government and some are operated by private business. Since World War II, Britain has worked to (1)_________ the mix of private and public enterprises in order to (2)_________ the country’s economy and (3)_________ the economic well-being of its citizens. After World War II the government (4)__________, or took over, a number of large and troubled industries. These included coal, electricity, transport, gas, oil, steel, car and truck manufacturing, shipbuilding and aircraft building. Since the 1950s, the government has (5)________ a number of these industries, selling them to private firms. |
EQUAL MAXIMUM SURE
NATION
PRIVATE
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Key: 1 equalize, 2 maximize, 3 ensure, 4 nationalized, 5 privatized.
Суффиксы наречий
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Суффикс
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Значение |
Примеры |
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-ly |
наречие с тем же качеством, что и слово, от которого оно образовано |
bad - badly |
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-wards -ward |
направление или направленность |
after – afterwards home - homeward |
Exercises
1. Образуйте наречия при помощи суффикса –ly и переведите их.
Silent, wide, cruel, happy, rapid, quick, part, first, extreme.
Суффиксы числительных
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Суффикс
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Значение |
Примеры |
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-teen |
числительные от 13 до 19 |
six - sixteen |
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-ty |
десятки |
six- sixty |
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-th |
порядковые числительные |
six- sixth |
Exercises
1. Напишите противоположное по значению слово, используя префиксы. Можно пользоваться словарем.
Appear, kind, join, equal, normal, credible, friendly, employed, trust, cover, known, use, important, honest, professional, safe, fair, pleased, emotional, pack, correct, agree, possible, regular, understand, definite, legal, like, advice.
Выделите словообразующие элементы, исходное слово, определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова. Переведите на русский язык.
Weakly – weakness – to weaken, bitterly – bitterness, unhappy - happily – happiness, suddenly – suddenness, equally – unequal – equality, to enrich – enrichment, patiently – impatient – patience, irresponsible – responsibility, unstable – stability – to stabilize – stabilization, harmful – harmless – harmlessness, glorious – inglorious –to glorify, to discontinue – continuation – continual – continually, relation – relative – relatively, attractive – unattractive – attraction.
Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Подумайте над следующими вопросами:
1. Каким членом предложения является пропущенное слово?
2. Какой частью речи этот член предложения выражен (обратите внимание на исходную форму слова, напечатанную заглавными буквами на полях)?
3. Какая грамматическая форма образуется по контексту?
4. Каковы особенности правописания этой формы?
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The individual states all have (1)________ forms of government with a senate and a house. There is only one (2)_________, Nebraska, which has only one (3)________ body of 49 senators. All have (4)________ branches headed by state governors and (5)_________ court systems. Each state has its own constitution. But all must respect the federal laws and not make laws that interfere with the laws of the other states. The Us Constitution determines federal(6)__________. All other (7)__________ belong to the states and to the local (8)__________ . |
REPUBLIC
ECEPT LEGISLATE EXECUTE DEPEND
RESPONSIBLE AUTOMATICAL COMMUNE |
Key: 1 republican, 2 exception, 3 legislative, 4 executive, 5 independent, 6 responsibilities, 7 automatically, 8 communities.
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Bike (1)_________ appeared in Russia with the (2)___________ of Moscow motorbike club ‘Night Wolves’. (3)__________ it was founded on May 31,1989. But the core of it appeared in the early 80s. A (4)__________ in Russia prefers a heavy bike like Harley Davidson and a leather jacket. The club is so (5)________ not only in Russia but also all over the world that the first Russian Bike Show, which took place in 1995, attracted a lot of guests from abroad. |
CULTURE APPEAR OFFICIAL
BIKE
FAME
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Key: 1 subculture, 2 appearance, 3 officially, 4 biker, 5 famous.
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Football (soccer) is the (1)________ sport, and British club teams are often (2)________ in Europe. But British football today has a bad fame at home and abroad, because of the (3)_________ of some groups of fans who get drunk and fight with each other. Most British fans (4)_________ violence and help the police to put an end to it. |
NATION SUCCESS
VIOLENT
LIKE |
Key: 1 national, 2 successful, 3 violence, 4 dislike.
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In Britain people (1)________ pay compliments on the things they like about the people they are talking to. They also expect to hear “Thank you!” in response to a compliment. Besides, they add something to keep the (2)________ going. In Britain people usually do not (3)_________ with compliments. Sometimes they pay a compliment in return. Too many compliments may be interpreted as (4)_______. But not enough compliments may be interpreted as a sign of (5)_________. |
USUAL
CONVERSE AGREE
SINCERE LIKE |
Key: 1 usually, 2 conversation, 3 disagree, 4 insincerity, 5 dislike.
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Every year more than eleven million tourists visit Britain. In fact, tourism is an (1)__________ industry, employing thousands of people. Most (2)__________ come in the summer months when they can expect good weather. Tourists (3)_________ spend a few days in London, then go on to other well-known cities. Perhaps the least visited places in England are old (4)_________ towns. But many people think that nineteenth-century cities show the (5)_________ of Britain. The (6)_________ of the past is to be still seen in their old streets. |
IMPORTANCE
VISIT USUAL
INDUSTRY
REAL GREAT |
Key: 1 important, 2 visitors, 3 usually, 4 industrial, 5 reality, 6 greatness.
Test
Выделите словообразующие элементы, исходное слово, определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова. Переведите на русский язык.
Patiently – impatient – patience, unstable – stability – to stabilize – stabilization, possibly – impossible – possibility, inattention – attentive – attentively, helpless – helplessly – helplessness, limitation – unlimited – limitless, to coexist – existent – existence – coexistence, to disappear- to reappear – appearance – disappearance.
2. Образуйте как можно больше существительных, используя префиксы и суффиксы из таблицы.
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un- fit -ality ex- act -ity re member -ty over- popular -ation dis- love -ition use -(t)ion cruel -ance happy -er collect -ship develop -ment organize -ness agree explain protect perform champion appear |
От данных прилагательных образуйте прилагательные, используя префиксы in-, un- il-, ir-, im-, dis-, ultra-.
Happy, honest, patient, comfortable, legal, short, possible, modern, responsible, direct, logical.
Образуйте прилагательные, используя суффиксы –able, -al, -ant, -ent, -ful, -ish,-less.
To differ, to eat, to compare, brown, care, to resist, use, fruit, home, to resist, form, shame.
Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.
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The English language is (1)________ growing and changing. No one has ever included every word from the language in a single dictionary. To do that would mean to (2)_______ the dictionary every day, which is (3)________. But people have a lot of (4)________ about the growing and (5)________of the language, its (6)_________ . Scholars have (7)________ ideas of how any new (8)________ contributes to the process of new words (9)________. When people are faced with a new (10)________ and they do not have a word for its (11)________, they sometimes make up one. But no one makes a formal (12)________ about it. |
CONSTANT
WRITE POSSIBLE INFORM DEVELOP EXPAND VARY DISCOVER ADOPT SITUATE DESCRIBE
DECIDE |
Key: 1 constantly, 2 rewrite, 3 impossible, 4 information, 5 development, 6 expansion, 7 various, 8 discovery, 9 adoption, 10 situation, 11 description, 12 decision.