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Английский язык контрольная №3.doc
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Английский язык

Контрольная работа № 3

Вариант № 1

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на период объектных и субъектных инфинитивных оборотов.

1. In a free market competition is known to take place among buyers in order to obtain what they want at a price which suits them.

2.We know employers to obtain their profits only after they have paid all expenses: interest, rentals, payments for machinery, wages etc.

3. Natural monopoly arises where a nation or an individual possesses most of a particular mineral, Canadian nickel and South African gold are considered to be two well-known examples of this kind of monopoly.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе независимого и зависимого причастных оборотов.

1.If too much money is available, its value decreases and it doesn’t buy as much as it did, say, five years earlier, this condition being called as «inflation».

2. Today markets such as the world sugar market or the gold market do not need to have any fixed geographical location, but simply a set of conditions permitting buyers and sellers to work together.

3. When planning his expenditures every individual has to accept fixed prices because he cannot change the price of the commodities he wants.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.

1.If a man’s assets are considerable, he’ll be able to obtain large sums of credits or even to pay for goods with a credit card.

2. Unless we reach break-even point within six months we will have to ask for an other bank loan.

3. If some firms wanted to buy some commodities in modern markets they wouldn’t have to meet with sellers face-to-face, they might communicate by telephone or through their agents.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык. Effects on Social Relations

Unemployment threatens the stability of the family as an economic and social unit. Without income, with a loss of income the head of the family cannot play the role in which he or she was cast. Family wants and needs are not fulfilled and family relationships suffer as a consequence.

Economic and social dependency and important family ties may be in danger and may eventually be severed by prolonged unemployment.

Human relations outside the family are also seriously affected by un employment. An unemployment person may be rejected by working companions, and loses pride and confidence. In the end, the unemployed may become spiritually disabled.

Although there may be a few families that are economically and socially prepared for unemployment, it tends to strike families least capable of withstanding either its economic or its social effects. Also the incidence of unemployment like family instability and crime is high among low-income groups.

The social and economic effects of unemployment extend beyond the period in which it occurs. During a period of high unemployment, consumption and savings are reduced, debt is incurred for many unemployed people. Home and auto loans may be defaulted. Afterwards, when work is available and income is earned, debts must be paid, savings replenished. It may take a long time the living standards that prevailed prior to the unemployed period can be regained and even longer before self-esteem is restored.

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