Unit 7

Grammar: Sequence of Tenses

Imperative Mood

Quantifiers and their equivalents.

Reading Exercises:

1. Practice reading the following one-syllable words:

Born,school,age,job,clerk,first,means,third,mass,square,few,great,eyes,full,own,fame,solve,grew,way,try,once,simple,law,force,taught,fame,field,prize.

2. Practice reading the following two-syllable words with the stress on the first syllable:

physics,study,office,publish,paper,quantum,journal,roughly,equal,thinker,wonder,problem,always,foolish,increase,human,knowledge,question.

3. Practice reading the following one-syllable words with the stress on the second syllable:

began,itself,present,express,surprise,research,effect,among,advice,intense,combine,produce,

explain.

4. Practice reading the following many-syllable words:

unusual,ability,mathematics,technical,university,revolutionary,discovery,photoelectric,develop, relativity,physical,energy,physisist,importance,laboratory,talented,ability,professor,scientific,continue,unify,mysterious,gravitation,logical,explanation,century.

5. Practice reading the following word-combinations:

unusual ability to mathematics and physics; four years of university study, a job as a clerk at an office, revolutionary discoveries in science, explain the photoelectric effect, by means of Plank’s quantum theory, a mathematical theory of Brownian motion, special theory of relativity, the speed of light, with great surprise, in his own way, unified field theory, combine the physical laws, forces of light and energy, the mysterious force of gravitation, a logical explanation of the photoelectric effect, the increase of human knowledge.

Text 7 a

ALBERT EINSTEIN

(1879-1955)

“Imagination is more important than knowledge”

Einstein

Albert Einstein was born in Germany on March 14,1879.His unusual ability to mathematics and physics began to show itself at a technical school in Zurich. At the age of 21 after four years of university study, Albert Einstein got a job as a clerk at an office. But already in 1905 he made revolutionary discoveries in science. He published three papers. In the first he explained the photoelectric effect by means of Planck’s quantum theory. The second paper developed a mathematical theory of Brownian motion. He presented his third paper on “Special Theory of Relativity” to a physical journal. Einstein expressed his theory in the equation E=mc², roughly that energy equals mass times the square of the speed of light.

All over the world scientists read the work with great surprise. Few physicists understood its importance at that time. Everybody wanted to know where he taught and in what laboratory he did his research.

Albert Einstein was a very talented man, a great thinker. He had an ability to look at the world with eyes full of wonder. All problems were new to him and he liked to solve them in his own way.

Einstein’s fame among scientists grew slowly but surely. For a few years he lived in Prague where he worked as a professor. When he came to Prague, he often told his students he would always try to help them. ”If you have a problem, come to me with it, we’ll solve it together”, he said.

He liked questions and answered them at once, for there were no simple or foolish questions for him. He spoke much with his students about scientific problems and his new ideas. His advice to young students was, “Don’t take easy problems”.

Einstein continued his research. His unified field theory was the result of 35 years of intense work. He expressed it in four equations where he combined the physical laws that control forces of light and energy with the mysterious force of gravitation.

In 1922 Einstein got the Nobel Prize in physics not for the theory of relativity but for a logical explanation of the photoelectric effect.

He gave all his life to the increase of human knowledge. His ideas produced revolution in the natural science of the 20^th century.

Answer the questions:

1. What was Einstein?

2. When and where was he born?

3. What discoveries did Einstein make in 1905?

4. In what equation did he express his theory of relativity?

5. Did many scientists of that time understand the importance of his discovery?

6. What theory was the result of his 35year work?

7. What prize did Einstein get in 1922?

8. How did his ideas influence scince?

Exercises:

1.Form nouns using the given suffixes and translate them:

-ity: equal, human, activ(e), relativ(e), productiv(e)

-ness: thick, black, great, rough

-ance:import(ant),assist(ant),dist(ant)

-ence: differ(ent), depend(ent), pres(ent)

-ency:effici(ent),depend(ent)

-age: us(e),pass,break,leak.

2. Underline the suffixes of nouns and translate the given word-combinations:

the usage of a word; the simplicity of the equation; the expression of relativity; the roughness of the surface; temperature readings; atom structure; the solution of the problem; the productivity of a worker; the efficiency of the method; the leakage of gas; the equality of position.

3.Study the following table and translate the sentences given below:

Quantifiers and their equivalents
With countable nouns	With uncountable nouns

many A great many A great number of A lot of changes,properties Plenty of

much A great deal of A great amount of A lot of water, knowledge Plenty of

few not many changes, properties		little not much water, knowledge
A few some changes, properties	A little some water, knowledge

1. The motor produces a great amount of energy.

2. The scientist presented a few methods of solution of this important problem.

3. A lot of changes took place in this field of knowledge.

4. If you work much, you will get good results.

5. There is some but not much mercury in the tube, put a little more.

6. How much water do rivers give off to the sea a year?

7. Einstein studied plenty of subjects to increase his knowledge but physics became his life interest.

8. Not many scientists understood Einstein’s discovery at that time.