Answer the questions:
What area of the earth’s total surface do the oceans cover?
What does oceanography study?
How do scientists conduct oceanographic observations?
What measuring instruments help scientists in their work?
What can scientists learn using special devices?
Why are these investigations so important?
Exercises
Translate the following word-combinations:
The origin of the ocean bed, supersonic echo sounder, sound impulses, complicated ocean research, oceanographic observations, to conduct important studies, thoroughly explored, the science of the oceans, scientific work, day-to-day weather watches, water velocities, measuring instruments, the world's climate, by means of special devices, field of vision, terrestrial phenomena, the surface currents, to bring to light all the changes, physical and chemical properties of the water, temperature readings.
Fill in the blanks with the words given below:
Instruments, research, to reveal, specimen, to determine, to photograph, observations, to indicate.
• Dozens of ... ships of different nations designed for complicated ocean research are criss-crossing the oceans.
• Different measuring ... , wave recorders and tide gauges are at work.
• Another modern instrument enables us ... the motion of the ocean by measuring the electric potential induced in it because of its movement through the earth's magnetic field.
• The invention of the supersonic echo sounder has ... that the floor of the ocean is covered with great mountain chain and deep trenches.
• Moreover, a special meter is used ... depths by measuring the time required for a sound impulse to travel to the sea bottom and for the echo to return.
• By means of special devices we are able to take ... of soil and rocks from the deep ocean bottom.
• Special cameras can be used ... the ocean bed.
• Scientists are engaged in day-to-day weather watches and oceanographic ... made aboard ship.
Translate the following international words without using a dictionary:
Technique, port, reservoir, temperature, instrument, echo, impulse, geological, kilometers, atmospheric, phenomena.
Finish the sentences:
• Dozens of research ships of different nations ... .
• Scientists are engaged in ... .
• A special instrument is ... .
• This device is based upon ... .
• Moreover, a special meter is used to ... .
• Their task is ... .
• To form one inch ... .
• Such pictures can ... .
Make up pairs of the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
1) research a) phenomena
2) oceanographic b) instruments
3) measuring c) properties
4) magnetic d) organisms
5) living e) ships
6) terrestrial f) work
7) chemical g) observations
8)scientific h) field
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions:
1. Ships can sail thousands ... miles ... putting ... port.
2. Scientists have ... their disposal various instruments ... complicated research.
3. Sound impulses sent down ... the bottom of the ocean are reflected and accurately recorded ... a special receiver.
4. Specimens ... soil and water are taken ... the bottom ... the ocean ... various depths.
5. The formation ... one inch ... soil ... the ocean bed is a process ... thousand years.
Translate the following words and state their part of speech:
Practically, various, navigation, scientific, invention, magnetic, investigation, receiver.
Form verbs adding the prefix en- to the following words:
Large, rich, close, circle.
IX. Form adjectives adding the prefix in- to the following words:
Effective, soluble, definite, separable, sufficient, variable, efficient, accessible.
X. Translate into English:
1.Для дослідження морів і океанів використовуються спеціально обладнані кораблі.
2. Проведення цих спостережень вимагає довгого часу.
3. Одне з завдань полягає у визначенні рельєфу дна океану.
4. Для вимірювання температури води на різній глибині використовується особливий прилад.
5. Телевізійна камера, яка використовується для підводних робіт, заснована на принципах звичайного телебачення.
XI. Translate the sentences paying attention to different functions of "do":
1. The underwater television sets do help the scientists to see without any difficulty the bottom of the ocean.
2. The scientists do everything possible for the better knowledge of the ocean.
3. Their investigations do really expand our knowledge of different phenomena of nature.
4. Do you realize how long it takes to form every inch of the sea bottom?
TEXT 8 B