Exercises

I Translate the following words paying attention to the suffixes:

act - action - active - activate;

found - foundation - founder;

experience - experiment - experimental;

produce - producer - production - productive;

calculate - calculated - calculation - calculator;

work - workable - worker - working;

serve - servant - service.

II Translate these words paying attention to the negative prefixes and suffixes:

unable - helpless - dissimilar - illogical - senseless - irregular - unproductive - disrupt- improper - misunderstand.

III Form new words using the prefix "inter-":

national, connection, action, communication, dependence, planetary.

IV Form words after the models and translate them:

verb+-ion; verb+-ation; verb+-ence.

realize; examine; differ; describe; exclaim; possess; protect.

V Form words with opposite meaning by adding the prefixes:

-un; -dis; -im; -in; -ir.

charge; real; mobile; removable; significant; prove; similar; reasonable; probable.

VI Translate the following words and state their part of speech:

competence; measurable; historic; appliance; installation; effectiveness.

VII Form adjectives adding the suffixes to the following nouns:

change

help -less

fame -ous

transport -ic

sound -able

meteor

VIII Translate the following word-combinations:

a self-taught man; to prevent from; to acquire knowledge; to outline the design; to lay a foundation; to obtain a post; to speed along the orbit; to come across; to reach a point; a step forward; endless patience; the problems of flight and interplanetary travel; the law of persistence of the centre of gravity; to constitute the solution of the problem; subsequent rocket theories; jet-driven flying machine.

IX Make up sentences using the following models:

It was ... who ...

After (having done) … we (did)...

X Translate into English the words given in brackets:

1. Radiо (зв’язок) is constantly carried on with the pilot during the flight.

2. At the beginning of the 20^th century (людство) was shown the road to the stars.

3. Tsiolkovsky put forward the idea of building (штучний) satellites.

4. Only after having risen into the space, we understood how (безмежний) it was.

5. The necessity of (супутники) for interplanetary (польоти) is now recognized by all specialists.

6. The early works by Tsiolkovsky were followed by a number of very important works in the field of (космонавтикa).

7. Tsiolkovsky paid great attention to the importance of using (рідкий) fuel.

8. Such a problem as the (проект) of a space ship consisting of several rockets was dealt by him.

XI Fill in the blanks with the words given below:

Installed prevent problems

Complete suggested reach

1. Modern computers have been ___ in our laboratory to increase the effectiveness of work.

2. Having solved the _____ of flights mankind is gradually developing the universe.

3. His industriousness and thirst for knowledge helped Tsiolkovsky ___ courses and obtain the post of mathematics master.

4. The failure in the first experiment did not ___ the scientists from continuing their work.

5. Realization of many of the projects ___ by Tsiolkovsky became possible only at the end of the 20^th century.

6. To _____ the skies was the dream of many scientists since the times of ancient Greece.

XII Finish the sentences with the words given below and translate them:

a) the surface of a planet;

b) they were not fully understood during his lifetime;

c) what has already been achieved;

d) what laws operate in the universe;

e) understand what you will do;

f) provide heat;

g) experimental work;

h) creating artificial satellites of the earth.

1. Nothing but the study of outer space can give us the answer to the question of… .

2. The theory which Tsiolkovsky arrived at was based on ... .

3. The scientist studied the conditions for the take-off of a spaceship from ....

4. In 1895 Tsiolkovsky proposed the idea of... .

5. Some of his ideas were so far in advance of his age that....

6. Fuels are substances we burn in order to ... .

7. The future of astronautics will be a logical continuation of... .

8. Before beginning an experiment carefully read the instruction in order to ... .

XIII Translate the following international words:

orbit; astronautics; design; physics; satellite; cosmic; rocket; atomic; atmosphere; axiom.

XIV Make up pairs of the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:

1. interplanetary a) man

2. man-made b) courses

3. self-taught c) knowledge

4. step d) travel

5. boundless e) space

6. complete f) gravity

7. acquire g) satellite

8. centre of h) forward

XV Choose the correct English equivalent:

a) take a course

закінчити b) come into being

3. complete

a) come across

зіткнутися b) come about

3. come along

a) take a step

досягати точки b) reach a point

3. make a point

a) take steps

крок вперед b) keep in step

3. a step forward

a) lay a foundation

закласти основу b) lay down the law

3. place in position

XVI Fill in the blanks using the following prepositional verbs:

to look

like at

upon through

after for

1. Looking ... books on physics Tsiolkovsky came across two laws which presented the solution of cosmic flight problems. 2. Tsiolkovsky is looked ... as one of the most outstanding scientists in the world. 3. Looking ... the answer to the question, he tried various types of models. 4. When a child, he was often left alone with his books as there was nobody to look ... him. 5. Looking ... modern rockets, we notice that they look ... the rockets suggested by Tsiolkovsky.