2. Electromobile

Electric automobile

1. Electric automobile is a battery-powered motor vehicle, originating in the late 1880s and used for private passenger, truck and bus transportation.

2. Until 1920 electric automobiles were competitive with petroleum-fueled cars for urban use and trucks for deliveries because the relatively low speed and limited range, until battery recharge, were not detrimental.

3. Electrics were especially popular for their quietness and low maintenance costs.

4. Ironically, the death knell of the electric car was first tolled by the Kettering electrical self-starter and then in other gasoline-engine cars.

5. Mass production, led by Henry Ford, also reduced the cost of the nonelectrics.

6. Electric trucks and buses survived into the 1920s, later than passenger cars, especially in Europe.

7. Electric automobile prototypes reappeared in the 1960s when major U.S. manufactures, faced with ultimate exhaustion of petroleum-based fuels and with the rising fuel costs from the Arab petroleum producers, once again began to develop electrics.

8. Both speed and range were increased, and newly developed fuel cells offered an alternative to batteries; but by the mid-1980s electric automobiles had not become a part of the automotive industries output.

Electromobile

1. The progress of automobile transport was triggered by the electromobile.

2. A rather good design was produced in Russia in 1899 by I. Romanov.

3. This electrically driven vehicle (720 kg) could reach a speed of 35 km/h and had a range of about 60 km.

4. Beginning with the 1980s a few vehicles with an electric engine ranging 3-3,5 hp, with an average speed of 10-15 km/h and operational tie of six hours were developed in several countries.

5. The main problem with today’s electromobile is its limited range and excessive weight, the short life and high cost of the power source.

6. The designers are concentrating on improving the electric cells, because the batteries run out very quickly and take a long time to recharge.

7. An electromobile with a lead-acid accumulator weighing 30 kg and with a 20 hp engine can cover without recharging 60 km at a speed of 40 km/h. but the replacement of energy packs is very expensive.

8. One way to solve the problem of the battery is the hybride vehicle – a small internal combustion engine coupled with an accumulator power source.

9. In a hybride cars, the engine is controlled by a computer which determines whether the car runs on petrol, electricity, or both.

10. Hybride cars are better for the environment because they use far less petrol than normal cars, so they produce less pollution.

Electric automobile

Electric automobile is a battery-powered motor vehicle, originating in the late 1880s and used for private passenger, truck, and bus transportation.

Through the early period of the automotive industry until about 1920, electric automobiles were competitive with petroleum-fueled cars particularly as luxury cars for urban use and as trucks for deliveries at closely related points, for which the relatively low speed and limited range, until battery recharge, were not detrimental. Electrics, many of which were steered with a tiller rather than a wheel, were especially popular for their quietness and low maintenance costs. Ironically, the death knell of the electric car was first tolled by the Kettering electrical self-starter, first used in 1912 Cadillacs and then increasingly in other gasoline-engine cars. Mass production, led by Henry Ford, also reduced the cost of the nonelectrics. Electric trucks and buses survived into the 1920s, later than passenger cars, especially in Europe.

Electric automobile prototypes reappeared in the 1960s when major U.S. manufacturers, faced with ultimate exhaustion of petroleum-based fuels and with immediate rising fuel costs from the domination of Arab petroleum producers, once again began to develop electrics. Both speed and range were increased, and newly developed fuel cells offered an alternative to batteries; but by the mid-1980s electric automobiles had not become a part of the automotive industry's output. Most industrial in-plant carrying and lifting vehicles, however, were electrically powered.