Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary

eventually – adv нарешті, все ж таки

indeed – adv насправді

perfect – v поліпшувати, вдосконалювати

although – adv хоча, незважаючи на

seem – v здаватися

turn out – v виявлятися

fulfil – v виконувати

radical – adj головний, основний; syn crucial

boundary – n границя, кордон

priority task – першочергове завдання

decisive – adj рішучий, вирішальний

expect – v очікувати

renovation – n оновлення; innovative – adj новаторський, сучасний

view – v дивитися; n погляд, точка зору, вигляд

science fiction – наукова фантастика

search – n пошук; v шукати

conduct – n ['kQndAkt] поведінка; v [kən'dAkt] вести, здійснювати

unprecedented – adj безпрецедентний

raise – v піднімати; n підйом, зростання

bring smth into line – приводити у відповідність

haul – n поїздка, транспортування, вантаж; v перевозити; haulier – n перевізник, (транспортний) оператор

belong to – v належати

exceed – v перебільшувати

loan – n позика

sustainable development – стійкий розвиток; sustain – v підтримувати, підтверджувати

long-term objective – довгострокова мета

novel – adj новий; novelty – n новизна

cost-effective – adj рентабельний, прибутковий; syn profitable

seamless – adj безпересадковий, безперервний

enable – v давати можливість

Irregular verbs

Infinitive	Simple Past	Past Participle	Translation
cost	cost	cost	коштувати
drink	drank	drunk	пити
lend	lent	lent	позичати
let	let	let	дозволяти
ring	rang	rung	дзвонити
sell	sold	sold	продавати
spoil	spoilt/spoiled	spoilt/spoiled	псувати

Exercise 35 a) Find synonyms.

To sustain, a run, finally, crucial, to set up, to fulfil, profitability, to establish, radical, a haul, eventually, to transport, an advantage, to perform, particularly, a benefit, to upgrade, cost-effectiveness, to renovate, to support, to haul, especially.

b) Change the italicized words into their synonyms from the active vocabulary.

Innovative satellite navigation systems; to improve operational methods; to perform radical reforms; a decisive factor of railway development; to direct a business; in fact; to ensure continuous traffic on main lines; to make commuter service profitable; a transit forwarder; in pursuit for higher speeds, be over 90%.

Exercise 36 Fill in the gaps with the following verbs in the appropriate form.

admit, cope with, raise, fulfil, set up, haul, offer, involve, benefit, adjust, perform, exceed, sustain, belong

1. Construction costs for the bridge could ... $230 million. 2. It was then that the organization finally began ... the hopes of its founders. 3. Blake finally ... he had stolen the money. 4. This part doesn’t ... to the wheelset. 5. Surgeons ... an emergency operation. 6. Open cars ... a load of iron ore. 7. I have to ... a question of the company’s competitiveness. 8. A good manager will try ... everyone in the decision-making process. 9. The floor cannot ... the weight of a piano. 10. I don’t think the colour control on this TV is properly ... 11. My computer can ... huge amounts of data. 12. They ... him a very good job, but he turned it down. 13. They want ... their own import-export business. 14. They would ... by reducing their labour costs.

Exercise 37 Translate the expressions with international words from the text.

An experimental Japanese magnetic levitation train, intermodal service, multi-national companies, integral part of a global transport system, unprecedented forms, purpose-built high-speed track, rail system interoperability, pan-European rail corridors, the Ukrainian Railway Development Project, the European Bank for Reconstruction & Development, intercity mode of transport, satellite navigation systems and telematics, global systems for mobile communication, to transport nationally and internationally, door-to-door international transport service, to compete in the new global economy, the world’s largest high-speed development projects, designed for transit hauls, innovative electronics and software solutions.

Exercise 38 Pre-text discussion.

1. Are you optimistic about the future for railways? What makes you think so? 2. Technical progress tends to accelerate with each coming decade. Name some of the recent innovations on railways which seemed fantastic not so long ago. 3. What will the railway of the future be like? 4. What are the main challenges we’ll have to face?

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