- •U n I t 3
- •Reading rules
- •Grammar Continuous Tense
- •Present Continuous Tense
- •Past Continuous Tense
- •Future Continuous Tense
- •Verbs, used only in simple tenses
- •Pronouns
- •Numerals
- •Reading and discussion Active Vocabulary
- •Irregular verbs
- •The railroad track
- •Unusual railways
- •It’s interesting to know... Around the world: track innovations
- •Conversational practice
- •I’ll ring back later.
- •I’m having a party on Saturday. Can you come?
- •Word building
- •Grammar revision
- •The Tower of London
U n I t 3
Grammar: Continuous Tense
Present Participle
Pronouns
Use of It
Numerals
Text: Railroad Track
Supplementary text: Unusual Railways
It’s interesting to know: Around the World: Track Innovations
Word Building: -ity, -ty, -ship; -ous, -ive, -y; -ate, -en
Reading rules
C с |
[s] |
перед i, e, y |
capacity, cell, bicycle |
[k] |
перед усіма іншими голосними та приголосними |
come, exact, direction | |
[C] |
у сполученнях ch, tch |
charge, watch | |
[S] |
перед сполученнями ial, ient |
special, efficient викл. chemistry [k], technique [k], machine [ʃ] |
Exercise 1 Practice the following sounds.
[s] |
[k] |
[tʃ] |
[ʃ] |
saucer once certain cinema centimetre December dance |
can cat come close cake describe correct |
watch fetch catch match patch chain chess |
special efficient especially commercial crucial sufficient ancient |
Exercise 2 Read the following words and explain the rules of reading.
Chalk, picture, chair, mechanic, machinery, French, teacher, exercise, pencil, clean, nice, ceiling, chemistry, mathematics, actual, black, cent, dance, colour, certainly, clock, watch, catch, children, circular, can, ice, nice, neck, space, pact, face, chin, chest, match, catch, cell, chick, chill, watch, charge, patch, snatch, place, chain, cheap, cigarette, cigar, class, species, specialize, specific, cycle.
Grammar Continuous Tense
(Часи групи Continuous)
|
Active be+Present Participle (-ing) |
Passive be+being+Past Participle (-ed) |
Present |
I am discussing a new plan now. He is still discussing a new plan. They are discussing a new plan. |
A new plan is being discussed. New plans are being discussed. |
Past |
He was discussing a new plan when the manager came. They were discussing a new plan during the meeting. |
A new plan was being discussed when we came. New plans were being discussed during the meeting. |
Future |
We will be discussing a new plan tomorrow at 5. |
- |
Spelling:
1. argue – arguing, hate – hating, love – loving (але: age – ageing, dye - dyeing, agree – agreeing, see – seeing)
2. hit – hitting, run – running, stop – stopping
3. ad'mit – admitting, be'gin – beginning, pre'fer – preferring (але: 'budget – budgeting, 'enter – entering)
4. signal – signalling, travel – travelling (AmE.: signaling, traveling)
5. carry – carrying, enjoy – enjoying, hurry – hurrying
6. die – dying, lie – lying
Present Continuous Tense
1. Подовжені дії, що здійснюються під час говоріння (still, now, at 11 o’clock, from 5 to 9 o’clock), або в теперішній період часу (today, this week, this season).
Please, don’t make so much noise. I am studying. (not I study)
Tom and Ann are talking and drinking in a café. Tom says, ‘I’m reading an interesting book at the moment.’
‘You are working hard today.’ ‘Yes, I have a lot to do.’
2. Ситуації, які швидко змінюються:
The population of the world is rising very fast. (not rises).
3. Майбутні дії, якщо виказується намір їх здійснення або впевненість у їх виконанні.
What are you doing tomorrow evening?
I am going to the theatre.
Примітка 1. Present Continuous Tense також може використовуватися:
- для висловлення меншої впевненості та офіціальності:
I am hoping you can lend me $100.
I’m afraid we must be going;
- для висловлення незадоволення, скарги, тощо:
He is continually borrowing money from me.