ECofINN Topic 4
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MIS Management information systems
Strategic (top-level) managers
Tactical (middle-level) 
managers
Operational (lower-
level) managers
External data
MIS
TPS |
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Transaction Processing systems |
TPS |
TPS stored data |
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software |
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Users
(decision makers)
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DSS Decision Support systems
DSS database
DSS software
DSS
model base
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ESS - Executive support systems (or known as executive information system)
External database
MIS database
Special database
Users |
ESS |
(top-level |
software |
managers) |
Personal database |
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Electronic mailboxes
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Other systems
Increasingly, managers are looking at more sophisticated methods such as Expert Systems that mimic the way a human would analyze a situation and recommend a particular course of action, and Knowledge Management systems that can organize, store and enable shared access to the collective knowledge of the organization.
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Expert Systems
ES is the software which
replicates experts-specialists knowledge for novices.
(A computer application that performs a task that would otherwise be performed by a human expert)
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Main blocks of ES
Knowledge base consists of sentences which define knowledge with the use of super-high-level languages which are called knowledge representation languages.
It is the kernel of the expert system.
Inference engine is a program which simulates the process of expert reasoning or decision making.
Explanation subsystem makes ES transparent, so that user can always receive answer for questions:
HOW and WHY.
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EIS Integration
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Knowledge engineering definition
Knowledge engineering
is a science about data and knowledge acquisition, structuring and formalizing methods and technologies for effective intelligent and/or information systems’ development.
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KE
definition 2
Knowledge engineering is the process of codifying an expert's knowledge in a form that is accessible to a nonexpert through an expert system.
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Mind map