Тема 25. Инфинитив

Инфинитив – это неличная, начальная форма глагола, которой обычно предшествует частица to.

	Active	Passive
Indefinite Infinitive	* to + V to test	to be + V3 to be tested
Continuous Infinitive	to be + Ving to be testing	__________
Perfect Infinitive	to have + V3 to have tested	to have been + V3 to have been tested
Perfect Continuous Infinitive	to have been + Ving to have been testing	__________

*I’m glad to test this appliance. Я рад протестировать это прибор.

To test this appliance you should learn the manuals.

Чтобы протестировать этот прибор, вам следует изучить инструкции.

I’m glad to be testing this appliance now. Я рад, что тестирую это прибор.

I’m glad to have tested this appliance. Я рад, что протестировал этот прибор.

I’m glad to have been testing this appliance since the beginning of the conference.

Я рад, что тестирую этот прибор с начала конференции.

Here is an appliance to be tested. Вот прибор, который должен быть протестирован.

I am glad to have been tested. Я рад, что меня протестировали.

Запомните случаи употребления инфинитива без частицы to: 1) После вспомогательных глаголов Do you speak English? 2) После модальных глаголов You can do it! 3) После глаголов чувственного восприятия to see, to hear, to feel, etc. She heard him enter the room. 4) После глаголов to let (позволять) и to make (заставлять) Let me go!/ Make him do it !

Task 1. Образуйте три формы следующих глаголов.

to become, to see, to set, to swim, to put, to tell, to break, to bring, to lie, to give,

to begin, to buy, to think, to teach, to forget, to be, to go, to meet, to lose, to cut,

to choose, to hurt.

Task 2. Вставьте частицу "to", где необходимо.

1. He likes ... play football.

2. She can ... speak English.

3. We let them ... go there.

4. Don't help her ... do it.

5. May I ... take your dictionary.

6. He made me ... do it.

7. Mother let us ... swim in the river.

8. I don't want ... see him.

9. We expect you ... go home.

10. They wanted ... speak to us.

11. Would you like ... drink?

12. Don’t you want ... take this medicine?

13. They couldn't ... find their child.

14. It's time ... go for a walk.

15. I'd like ... believe you.

16. We were ready ... go out.

17. My parent's didn't let me ... go to that party.

18. Do you like ... dance?

19. Would you like ... listen to my song?

20. His joke made me … laugh.

21. May I … come in?

22. He likes … watch TV.

Task 3. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитив.

1. To measure the electric current is not difficult at all.

2. To translate the article you will have to use a dictionary.

3. They could translate this article without a dictionary.

4. I remember to ring you up.

5. I remember to have seen you last year.

6. To master English you must work hard.

7. He was the first to measure the electric current.

8. To translate this text is not an easy thing to do.

Task 4. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитив.

A

1. The problem to be solved requires some experiments.

2. The experiment to be discussed was made in our lab.

3. Here is the instrument to be tested.

4. The method to be used by them is very simple.

5. The experiment to be made will help us to solve this problem.

6. The problem to be studied is of great importance.

B

1. The motor is a device to change electrical energy into mechanical one.

2. A galvanometer is an instrument to detect and measure small electric currents.

3. A voltmeter is a device to measure a potential difference.

4. The generator is a device to change mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Task 5. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на формы и функции инфинитива.

1. I’m very glad to see you. 2. He wants to be a scientist. 3. They like to spend their holidays by the riverside. 4. She must be at home. 5. I’d better stay here. 6. He wants to ask you a question. 7. He wants to be asked a question. 8. To translate this text is not difficult. 9. It’s time to go home. 10. Our task is to study. 11. She was the last to come. 12. He was the first to tell me about it. 13. There are a lot of things to be repaired. 14. They brought me a book to read. 15. To translate this article we need a dictionary. 16. I went to the library to read the article. 17. The problem to be solved needs some experiments. 18. She is very nice to talk to. 19. The tourists were discussing where to go and what to see. 20. To get a good mark you must work hard. 21. They want to be shown on TV. 22. It’s not pleasant to be waiting for you here. 23. It’s up to you to decide. 24. I must have left my book at home. 25. Your aim is to think it over.

Отработка грамматического явления на базе технического перевода

Переведите на русский язык.

1. To magnetize a body requires some energy.

2. In order to build the power plant near Northfield (USA) three miles of tunnels were drilled.

3. To reduce the power losses, thick wires should be used.

4. No additional components were used as they were not needed to actuate the relay.

5. Various installations were used in order to transform electric power into mechanical, heat and chemical energy.

6. At least 90 percent of electric energy to be generated at present is a. c.

7. A. c. can be increased or decreased to meet industrial requirements.

8. Gas turbines can be started within minutes, while steam plants may require hours to be put into operation.

9. To increase the effect obtained with the one pair of metals Volta increased the number of these pairs.

10. То reduce the temperature of the substance, it was placed in cooling mixture.

11. The thermometer is a device to measure the temperature.

12. К. Tsiolkovsky was the first to prophesy the wonderful prospects of jet propulsion.

13. The electric cell is used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy.

14. To connect the two plates with a copper wire means to form a path for electron flow.

15. Voltage, resistance, and capacity are the three important properties to influence the flow of current in а circuit.

16. The transmitter is too weak to cover this distance.

17. To transmit the image by radio has become a practical possibility not so long ago.

18. It is difficult to liberate hydrogen from this compound.

19. Automation is one of the ways to increase productivity.

20. The aperture to show the readings is on the left side of the apparatus.