18. Выберите причастие, соответствующее по форме и содержанию русским группам слов

I.

a. having tested the device

b. testing a device испытывая прибор

c. a tested device

II.

a. finished work

b. having finished the work

c. having been finished the work закончив работу

III.

a. achieving good results

b. having been achieved good results когда хорошие результаты достигнуты

c. the results achieved

IV.

a. changing voltage

b. having changed voltage измененное напряжение

c. changed voltage

V.

a. having lost the book

b. the lost book потеряв книгу

с. the book having been lost

VI.

a. having used the device

b. having been used the device использовав прибор

с. using the device

19. Переведите следующие предложения с причастиями в перфектной форме в функции обстоятельства

Образец: a. Having been tested the material showed good properties.

Когда материал испытали, он обнаружил хорошие свойства.

b. Having come home he looked through periodicals.

Придя домой, он просмотрел газеты.

1. Having collected all the necessary data we should analyse them. 2. Having been asked to make a report at the conference he promised to do it. 3. Having entered the institute he began his scientific work in the students’ scientific society. 4. Having been included to a student construction detachment (SCD) he went to the Far East. 5. Having made a report he answered all the questions. 6. Having been used for a long time the device was out of order. 7. Having discussed all the reports the participants pointed out the best ones. 8. Having explained the rules (правила) the teacher gave us a number of problems to be solved.

20. Назовите номера предложений, в которых есть сложная форма причастия в функции обстоятельства. Переведите выбранные вами примеры

1. We have to consider all the factors involved in the construction of rocket engines. 2. Working in the park I met my friend. 3. Having been given an interesting book I began to read it at once. 4. Having come to Moscow I made an attempt to get tickets to the Bolshoi Theatre. 5. Having been offered an extra ticket at the entrance I could not believe it. 6. Having many friends in other towns I often get letters from them. 7. The number of electrons revolving around the nucleus depends on the kind of atom. 8. Having come to the laboratory we began to make experiments. 9. Having entirely different views they hardly ever agreed with each other.

Информация X

В роли обстоятельства времени, причины или условия может выступать конструкция, в которой причастию предшествует существительное (в общем падеже) или местоимение. Это – независимый причастный оборот (НПО). Причастие в этом обороте может быть в любой форме, и вся конструкция всегда отделяется запятой от остальной части предложения. Эта конструкция не имеет аналогии в русском языке.

Способы перевода:

1. Если НПО стоит в начале предложения, его следует переводить придаточным предложением с союзами "когда, если, так как".

All preparations having been made, they started their experiment.

Когда все приготовления были сделаны, они начали эксперимент.

2. В конечном положении этот оборот указывает на сопутствующее действие и при переводе на русский язык присоединяется союзами "и, а, но, причем".

A great deal of attention has been devoted to problems generated by "the information explosion", computers being the reliable means of solving them.

Огромное внимание уделяется проблемам, порождаемым "информационным взрывом", причем и компьютеры являются надежным средством их разрешения.

21. Прочтите следующие предложения с НПО, укажите его признаки (наличие самого причастия, существительное или местоимение перед ним, запятую, отделяющую НПО от остальной части предложения). Переведите, подобрав союз

А. В начале предложения:

1. The weather being good, we can sleep in the open air. 2. The experiment being finished, students can sum up their results. 3. A famous actor giving a concert at this club, tickets were hard to get. 4. A powerful atomic power station having been construct ed in this region, a new industrial centre was developed.

B. В конечном положении:

1. Electrical devices find a wide application in every house, a refrigerator being one of them. 2. The expedition was ready to start, all the necessary instructions having been given to its leaders. 3. In Russia great attention is paid to the peaceful use of atomic energy, its importance growing from year to year. 4. We’ve got a new three-room flat, all the rooms being isolated. 5. In the early seventies of the last century electricity only began to find practical application, first attempts to use it for lighting purposes being made. 6. He was asked a great many questions, some of them requiring a long explanation.