25. Make up indirect speech.
- What will you order?
- Give me the menu, please.
- Here it is.
- Chicken soup for the first course...
- For the second course I recommend you to take fried fish. It is very good.
- All right, bring me fried fish.
- Any vegetables?
- Yes, bring me some potatoes, and then cheese, coffee and fruit.
- Yes, sir.
26. Make up indirect speech.
SUSAN. Good morning, doctor.
DOCTOR. Good morning, Susan. What's the matter with you?
SUSAN. I feel bad. I have a headache, and I am afraid I am running a temperature.
DOCTOR. Open your mouth and show me your throat. You have a bad cold, Susan. You must stay in bed for two days until your temperature is normal and you stop coughing.
SUSAN. How I hate being ill and staying in bed!
DOCTOR. But if you are not careful, you may fall ill with the flu or pneumonia. I'll prescribe some medicine.
SUSAN. Thank you, doctor. Good-bye. .
Mood (Способи дієслова)
Mood is a grammatical category which indicates an attitude of the speaker to the action expressed by the verb (predicate) from the point of view of its reality.
In Modern English we distinguish three moods;
The Indicative Mood.
The Imperative Mood.
The Subjunctive Mood.
THE INDICATIVE MOOD
The Indicative Mood shows that the action or state expressed by the verb is presented as a fact.
We went home early in the evening. (Dickens)
The Indicative Mood is also used to express a real condition, i. e. a condition the realization of which is considered possible.
If it rains, I shall stay at home.
If Catherine disobeys us, we shall disinherit her. (Eliot)
THE IMPERATIVE MOOD
The Imperative Mood expresses an order, a command or a request. In Modern English the Imperative Mood has affirmative (1) negative (2) and impelling (3).
(1) Open the books
(2) Don’t open the books
(3) Let’s open the books
Impelling form consists of the verb let and a Noun in the Common case or a Pronoun the Objective case (me, you, him, her, us, them)
TEST
YOURSELF
What is Mood?
What moods do we distinguish in Modern English?
What does the Indicative Mood show?
What does the Imperative Mood show?
What are the forms of the Imperative Mood? How do we make them?
The subjunctive mood
The Subjunctive Mood shows that the action or state expressed by the verb is presented as a non-fact, as something imaginary or desired.
Formation of Subjunctives.
|
|
Subjunctive 1 |
Subjunctive 2 |
|
Present and Future |
Should/would + Verb |
V-ed (2- form) To be → were (for all persons) |
|
Past |
Should/would + have+ V-ed (3-form) |
Had + V-ed (3-form) |
Use of the subjunctive mood
Subjunctive I is used in a simple sentence and in the principle clause of a complex conditional one.
Subjunctive II is used in the subordinate clause only.
TEST
YOURSELF
What is the Subjunctive Mood?
What Subjunctive moods do we distinguish in Modern English?
When is the Subjunctive I used ?
When is the Subjunctive II used ?
How do we form the Subjunctive I for Present and Future (for Past)?
How do we form the Subjunctive II for Present and Future (for Past)?
1. State the mood of the verbs, translate the sentences into Ukrainian. 1. If my sister comes earlier, she will help you, 2. Where did you work during your holidays? 3. This article deals with a dialogue between states at the highest level. 4. After finishing his work he went to bed. 5. I haven't listened to the latest news yet. 6. What is the weather like today? How is the weather today? 7. I never thought that he would be (get, become) so interested in music. 8. We should be very glad if he came to see us. 9. You must (should, have to) excuse my not answering you earlier. 10. When he reads this article he will give it to you, won't he? 11. Didn't you know that he wouldn't come? 12. I heard the door open and saw somebody enter the room. 13. If you promise not to be late, I will let you go for a walk. 14. How old is your father? 15. He is fond of reading fiction. 16. Where were you born? 17. I hope that our school team will win the game next Sunday. 18. We had passed many (a lot of) examinations by the time we finished school. 19. When Nina came into he classroom, I was answering the teacher's question. 20. Thank you for coming to our meeting. 21. We heard the town clock strike 10. 22. She knows when we shall come. 23. A new model of car will soon appear on the country's roads. 24. When he came we discussed our plans. 25. If he had come yesterday we should have discussed our plans. 26. He has an interesting magazine on his table. 27. There is an interesting magazine on the table. 28. A theatre is in the centre of the city. 29. There is a theatre in the centre of the city. 30. Which floor is your flat on? 31. Have you ever been to London? 32. It took me two hours to translate this article. 33. What kind of books do you like reading? 34. When do you usually get home? 35. They are going to leave for Moscow at the week-end. 36. She gets back (comes back) late on Mondays. 37. I heard this tune on the radio. 38. We listen to the radio in the evenings. 39. Have you seen the doctor yet? 40. They had a good time (enjoyed themselves) on Sunday. 41. They were out all day and all night (24 hours). 42. We'd like to watch interesting programs on TV. 43. He watches TV every day. 44. There is a piano to the left of the table. 45. It's a pity you can't join us. 46. I was listening to the radio when you rang the bell the first time, and that's why I didn't hear you. 47. It has been raining but it has stopped now. 48. We have lived in this house since 1972. 49. Normally he lives in London but at present he is living in Paris. 50. No one could (was able to) solve the problem. 51. May I smoke here? -Yes, you may. -No, you may not. 52. He asked me whether he might have today's newspaper. 53. Parents are proud of their children. 54. He stopped talking when we came in. 55. Where did you have your hair cut? 56. He made them tell him the truth. 57. It has been raining for two hours. 58. He was the first to come. 59. The plan has been discussed for two hours. 60. The train will have left by the time the group comes to the station. 61. We had finished our work when my friend came. 62. I have known him since childhood. 63. He went abroad and I have not seen him since. 64. Don't you know this rule? 65. Can't we meet them? 66. We have not seen this film yet. 67.I was translating the article when somebody knocked at the door. 68. This time tomorrow he will be listening to the radio. 69. It seldom rains here. 70. If my brother is sleeping when I phone, wake him up, please. 71. What was she promised? 72. They arrived the other day? 73. I can hear your voice well now. 74. He did not see him yesterday, did he? -Yes, he did. 75. This pupil knows German, doesn't he? -No, he doesn't. 76. If I had more free time now, I would read the novel you gave me yesterday. 77. When I have time, I go to the Dnieper. 78. If I had had more free time then, I would have read the magazine you gave me the day before yesterday. 79. May all your dreams come true!