- •Grammar Content
- •Indirect (Reported) speech (Непряма мова)-----------------------------------------9
- •Modal verbs and their equivalents
- •Special properties:
- •Equivalents.
- •То be able to
- •It may rain soon, (можливо, піде дощ) Take care: you may fall, (можеш впасти)
- •То be allowed to
- •We are allowed to stay at home. (нам дозволяють) We were allowed to stay at home. (нам дозволили) We shall be allowed to stay at home. (нам дозволять)
- •Must Обов’язковість
- •It must be cold outside, (напевно)
- •То have to
- •16. Translate.
- •To have to — то be to
- •You need not do it. — можете не робити Need I do it? — треба?
- •You need not have done it — могли й не робити (але зробили)
- •Must — may — might — can't
- •21. Translate.
- •22. Translate using must, may, might or can't.
- •24. Give a piece of advice using should and the words in brackets .
- •Indirect (Reported) speech (Непряма мова)
- •Indirect orders and requests
- •Indirect statements
- •Indirect statements are generally introduced by the verbs to say, to tell, to announce and in official style by the verb to inform.
- •Indirect questions
- •25. Make up indirect speech.
- •26. Make up indirect speech.
- •Mood (Способи дієслова)
- •The subjunctive mood
- •Use of the subjunctive mood
- •Conditional sentenses (умовні речення)
- •2. Make up Conditional sentences of all types.
- •9. Paraphrase the sentences using “wish".
Must — may — might — can't
У значенні припущення
MUST — повинно бути, напевне
MAY – може бути
MIGHT — може бути (але малоймовірно)
CAN'T — не може бути
21. Translate.
|
He |
must may might can't |
know your sister be busy be ill be tired be hungry | |
|
be
|
sleeping working hard watching TV having dinner playing football | ||
|
have |
forgotten your address lost your book missed the train caught cold fallen ill left the country sold his piano bought a car | ||
22. Translate using must, may, might or can't.
1. Вони напевно живуть у Києві. 2. Вони можливо живуть у Києві. 3. Може вони й живуть у Києві (але малоймовірно). 4. Не може бути, що вони живуть у Києві. 5. Вони напевне жили у Києві. 6. Може вони й жили у Києві (але малоймовірно). 7. Не може бути, щоб вони жили у Києві. 8. Він напевне на роботі. 9. Він напевне був на роботі. 10. Він може бути на роботі. 11.Він можливо був на роботі. 12. Може він і на роботі (але малоймовірно). 13. Може він і був на роботі але малоймовірно). 14. Не може бути, що він на роботі. 15. Не може бути, що він був на роботі.
23. Translate. 1. Не must have taken it. 2. He had to take it. 3. He must be trying to find the lost stamp. 4. You must try to find the lost stamp. 5. She must be the youngest child in this group. 6. If you want to become a good football player, you must be an all-round athlete. 7. I had to read the letter twice before I understood it. 8. He must have read the letter many times. 9. What must you think of me? 10. They must be talking about us.
SHOULD
Було б слід
You should work more seriously. Вам було б слід працювати серйозніше.
Порівняйте:
You should do it. —Вам слід було б зробити це (зараз)
You should have done it. — Вам слід було б зробити це (раніше)
You should not do it. — Вам не слід було б робити це (зараз)
You should not have done it. — Вам не слід було б робити це (раніше)
Зверніть увагу:
You should have done it. — слід було б зробити (а ви не зробили)
You should not have done it. — не слід було б робити (а ви зробили)
24. Give a piece of advice using should and the words in brackets .
E.g. Her diction is not very good, (to read aloud) She should read aloud.
1. The boy is a little pale, (to play out-of-doors) 2. I am afraid you will miss that train, (to take a taxi) 3. There is no one in. (to try the room next door) 4. I have a slight irritation in my throat, (to smoke less) 5. TKs child doesn't want to eat soup, (not to give her sweets before dinner) 6. She makes a lot of spelling mistakes, (to copy passages out of a book) 7. The dog is afraid of him. (not to shout at the dog) 8. The students are unable to follow what I am saying, (not to speak so fast)
25. Fill in the gaps with should or must. 1. a) You ... have studied the material thoroughly. I see you have made no mistakes in the test-paper. b) You ... have studied the material thoroughly. Then you would not have made so many mistakes. 2. a) She ... have followed the doctor's advice. She would have recovered by now. b) She ... have followed the doctor's advice. She looks very fine. 3. a) You ... have ignored the instructions of your sports coach. That's why you lost the game. b) You ... have followed the instructions of your sports coach. Then you would have won the game. 4. a) She ... have forgotten to take her medicine, b) She ... have remembered to take her medicine. 5. a) I ... have got on the wrong bus. I cannot recognize the places we are passing, b) I ... have looked carefully at the number of the bus. Now I must change buses, and I am afraid I shall be late.
26. Translate. 1. Не must have sold his piano. 2. He may have sold his piano. 3. He might have sold his piano. 4. He can't have sold his piano. 5. He should have sold his piano. 6. He shouldn't have sold his piano. 7. He needn't have sold his piano. 8. He didn't have to sell his piano. 9. He had to sell his piano. 10.He was to sell his piano.
27. Translate. 1. Вони напевне поїхали у Лондон. 2. Вони можливо поїхали до Нью-Йорку. 3. Може вони і поїхали у Лондон (але навряд чи). 4. Не може бути, щоб вони поїхали у Лондон 5. Їм слід було поїхати у Лондон (а вони не поїхали). 6. їм не слід було їхати в Лондон (а вони поїхали). 7. Вони могли й не їхати у Лондон (а вони поїхали). 8. Им нема чого було їхати в Лондон (вони й не поїхали). 9. Їм прийшлось поїхати в Лондон. 10. Вони мали поїхати в Лондон.