4. Complete the following sentences:

1. A pioneer in the industrial revolution, Great Britain was called ....

2. Today in Britain there are so called "old" (traditional) industries which appeared in the period of industrial revolution and "modem" industries which appeared after....

3. Coal-mining is declining nowadays because it is more polluting and less efficient than ....

4. Oil and gas were discovered under the British sector of... .

5. Metal manufacturing includes production of... .

6. Textile industry is considered to be of... .

7. Among the leading exports of British engineering are ....

8. Today Britain has made important advances in such new industries as ... .

9. The British aerospace industry widely exports ....

10. Other major manufacturing industries include ....

11. Fishing industry provides ....

12. Agriculture uses ... of Britain's varied landscape.

13. The service industries include ....

5. Match each word in the first column with one in the second in ways that relate to the text:

coal

electrical

ship

telecommunications

traditional

invisible

leather

synthetic

military

specialized

nonferrous

beef

sheep

fertile

areas

breeding

metals

farming

mining

engineering

equipment

building

alloys

goods

industry

exports

materials

aircrafts

6. Answer the following questions:

1. When did so called "old" industries appear in Great Britain?

2. When did "modern" industries appear?

3. What is the role of coal-mining in Britain's economic development?

4. Why is coal-mining declining nowadays?

5. When and where were oil and gas discovered?

6. What can you say about metal manufacturing in Great Britain?

7. What light industry goods of high quality is Great Britain well-known for?

8. What goods does British engineering export?

9. What new industries of Great Britain do you know? What do they export?

10. What part of British fish supplies does fishing industry provide?

11. Can you compare the agriculture of Great Britain and that of your country?

12. What can you say about the service industries in Great Britain?

13. How many people does tourism employ in Great Britain?

7. Speak on Britain's economy according to the plan:

1. Great Britain as a pioneer in the industrial revolution.

2. "Old" and "modern" industries.

3. Coal-mining.

4. Oil and gas industries.

5. Metal manufacturing.

6. Light industry.

7. Engineering.

8. New industries.

9. Fishing.

10. Agriculture.

11. Service industries.

Unit 5 LONDON

1. Practice the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations:

Borough, numerous, St. Paul's Cathedral, Guildhall, Buckingham, Piccadilly Circus, Column, entertainment, Madam Tussauds, the Royal Observatory, Trafalgar Square, avenue, restaurant, Hyde Park, tower.

2. Read and memorize the words and word combinations:

Roman - римлянин

borough - небольшой город, округ

Stock Exchange - фондовая биржа

the Old Bailey - Центральный уголовный суд (в Лондоне)

St. Paul's Cathedral - Собор Святого Павла

the Tower - Тауэр (Лондонский)

tower - башня; возвышаться

the Guildhall - ратуша (в Лондоне)

Mansion House - резиденция лорд-мэра Лондона;

mansion-house - дворец

Westminster Abbey - Вестминстерское аббатство

Intersection - перекресток

3. Read and translate the text:

LONDON

London is the capital of the United Kingdom, its political, economic, commercial and cultural centre. One of the oldest cities, it was founded by the Romans in 43 A.D.

Now London is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest city in Europe. It covers 1,580 sq km. Its population is about 8 million.

The river Thames flows through the heart of London. About 64 km east of the city, the Thames empties into the North Sea. The river thus links London with shipping routes throughout the world.

London is divided into 32 boroughs plus the City. The City and each borough have their own governments.

Central London covers about 26 sq km and can be divided into several main sections. They are the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End.

The heart of London is the City, its financial and business centre. It covers about 1 sq mile. Only about 5,000 people live in the City. But half a million office workers crowd its buildings each working day. Numerous banks, offices, and firms are situated there, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange, and the Old Bailey.

The City is the oldest part of London. There are some famous ancient buildings within the City. Among them are St. Paul's Cathedral, the greatest of English churches, the Tower, a museum (used as a fortress, a royal palace, and a prison), Guildhall, Mansion House, the Monument (a 62-meter stone column near the spot where the Great Fire started in 1666).

Westminster is the governmental part of London. Nearly all the kings and queens have been crowned in Westminster Abbey. Many outstanding people are buried here: Newton, Darwin, Chaucer, Dickens, Tennyson, Kipling, etc. Westminster Palace, the seat of the British Parliament towers along the Thames. The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big bell, known as "Big Ben", one of the finest time-keepers in the world. From Parliament, the governmental buildings extend along a broad avenue called Whitehall. The home of Prime Minister (№10, Downing Street) is located off Whitehall. Buckingham Palace, the official residence of the Queen, lies a short distance of the Prime Minister's home.

The West End is the richest and the most beautiful part of London. The best hotels, shops, restaurants, clubs and theatres are situated there. The Strand, one of London's oldest and business streets, links the West End and the City.

London's main shopping districts spread out from two West End intersections. One intersection, Trafalgar Square, is an area of open pavement with statues and fountains. It is the geographical centre of London. It was named in memory of Admiral Nelson's victory in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The tall Nelson's Column stands in the middle of the square. Whitehall and the Strand meet at the square.

At the other intersection, Piccadilly Circus, six busy streets come together. Many of London's finest shops are in this area. It also forms the centre of London's largest entertainment area.

Among the places of interest are the National Portrait Gallery, the British Museum (the biggest in London) with its famous library, the Natural Museum with a huge collection of animals and plants, Madame Tassauds (the Waxworks Museum), the Royal Observatory (Greenwich), etc.

London is full of parks and green places. The largest one is Hyde Park, famous for its Speaker's corner.

The East End contains London docks, factories and workshops.