11. Speak about the uk system of government according to the plan below. Use the expressions:

To begin with..., As far as I know..., As it is known..., According to the text..., I'll consider..., It is to be noted that..., I'd like to say a few words about..., It is essential that..., It is important to say..., Finally..., To sum up everything ....

1. One of the six constitutional monarchies within the European Community.

2. The British Constitution.

3. Three branches of state power.

4. The Queen and her powers.

5. "Mother of Parliaments".

6. Parliament and its functions today.

7. Parliament's original functions.

8. The House of Lords.

9. The House of Commons.

10. The government and its nucleus.

11. The Prime Minister and his (her) powers.

12. Political Parties (formation and distinctions).

Unit 4 (industry) economy

1. Practise the pronunciation of the words:

Coal-mining, especially, determine, though, considerable, reserves, efficient, natural, manufacturing, specialized, aerospace, petrochemical, textile, considered, quality, leather, hosiery, engineering, machine-tool, vehicle, commercial, precision, technology, biotechnology, engine, synthetic, radio-isotopes, satellite, furniture, supplies, although, agriculture, varied, engaged, wide-spread, research, scientific, variety, wheat, barly, oats, fertile, area, finance, insurance, tourism, leisure.

2. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

coal-mining - угледобывающая промышленность

decline - уменьшаться, приходить в упадок

pollute - загрязнять

oil - нефть ,

manufacturing - производство, обработка, обрабатывающая промышленность

steel - сталь

non-ferrous - цветной (о металле)

alloy - сплав

petrochemical – нефтехимический

textile – текстильный

footwear - обувь; чулки и носки (собир.)

leather goods - кожаные изделия knitwear - трикотажные изделия

hosiery - чулочные изделия, трикотаж

pottery - керамика

glassware - стеклянная посуда, изделия из стекла

engineering - техника, машиностроение

machine-tool - станок; станкостроительный

vehicle - транспортное средство

precision instruments - точные приборы

advance - успех, прогресс, продвижение

drug - лекарство, медикамент

satellite - искусственный спутник

engine - двигатель

timber - лесоматериалы

rubber - резина, резиновый

inshore - прибрежный

barley - ячмень

oats - овес

insurance - страхование

shipping - перевозка грузов, (торговый) флот

leisure - досуг

3. Read and translate the text:

Industry

Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. A pioneer in the industrial revolution, it was called "the world workshop". Today in Britain there are so called "old" (traditional) industries which appeared in the period of industrial revolution and "modern" industries that appeared after the World War II.

Coal-mining is an old industry, especially in Wales, in the South of Scotland and in the northern part of England. It was Britain's development of coal production which determined its economic leadership of the world in the 18th and 19th centuries. But nowadays British coal industry is declining, though it still has considerable reserves. It is more polluting and less efficient than natural gas.

Oil and gas were discovered under the British sector of the North Sea at the end of the 1960s. Britain is the ninth largest producer of oil in the world and the fifth largest gas producer. Oil and gas turned Britain from a net importer of energy into a net exporter.

Metal manufacturing is a traditional highly developed industry. Now it is being extensively modernized. It includes production of steel and nonfer-rous metals. Besides, Britain is a major producer of specialized alloys used by the aerospace, electronic, petrochemical and other industries.

Textile industry is considered to be one of the oldest in Great Britain. High quality woollen material, called Cheviot tweed, is manufactured in England.

Great Britain is well-known for its light industry goods of high quality (clothing, footwear, leather goods, knitwear, hosiery, pottery, glassware, etc.)

Engineering is one of the main industries in Great Britain. It includes electrical and instrument engineering, ship-building, aviation and motor-car constructing, machine-tool and vehicle building. Among their leading exports are electrical machinery, cars, tractors and commercial vehicles, bicycles and precision instruments of many kinds. These make up nearly half the goods exported.

Today, in a new age of modern technology, Britain has made important advances in such new industries as electronics, aerospace, chemical, biotechnology. Their major exports are electronics and telecommunications equipment, aircraft engines, plastics and synthetic materials, radio-isotopes and new drugs. The British aerospace industry is now the third largest in the world. Its products include civil and military aircrafts and satellites, which are widely exported. Rolls-Royce is one of the world's three largest aeroengine manufacturers. British Aerospace is the largest European producer of communications satellites.

Other major manufacturing industries include food and drink, timber and furniture, printing and publishing, paper and rubber.

Fishing industry with an inshore fleet of about 8,000 vessels provides nearly 70 per sent of British fish supplies. Especially, it is of great importance in Scotland and in the north-east of England.

Although Britain is a highly industrialized country, agriculture is still one of its most important industries. Over three-quarters of Britain's varied landscape is used for agriculture. Over 700,000 people who are engaged in agriculture provide over half the food needed by some 57 million people. This is achieved by wide-spread use of machinery (mere are over 500,000 tractors in use) and the results of research and scientific experiments,

For a small country, Britain has a great variety of soil, climate and types of farming, ranging from beef breeding in Scotland and sheep farming in the mountains of Wales to growing crops, mainly wheat, barley, oats and potatoes, in the large, flat, fertile areas of eastern counties.

As in other developed countries, rising living standards have led to a growth of the role of services. The service industries include banking, finance, insurance, trade, travel, shipping, tourism, health, leisure, education. Tourism now is one of Britain's most important industries and source of income and employment (it employs about 1,5 million people). And nowadays in Britain invisible exports earn nearly as much as commodity exports.