Анг.яз / Экономика-КР2-вар3
.docКОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 2 (ВАРИАНТ 3)
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание № 2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:
1. Видовременные формы глагола: а) активный залог – формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future); б) пассивный залог – формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future).
Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.
2. Модальные глаголы: а) модальные глаголы, выражающие возможность: can (could), may (might) и эквивалент глагола can – to be able to; б) модальные глаголы, выражающие долженствование: must, его эквиваленты to have to и to be to; should.
3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Gerund – герундий, простые формы.
4. Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения (союзные); придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.
5. Интернациональные слова.
Используйте следующие образцы выполнения упражнений.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 1 (К УПР. I)
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1. This sportsman has already won all the possible prizes.
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1. Этот спортсмен уже выиграл все возможные призы. has won – Present Perfect Active от глагола to win.
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2. The new sport equipment was sent for yesterday.
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2. Вчера послали за новым спортивным оборудованием. was sent for – Past Indefinite Passive от глагола to send. |
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 2 (К УПР. II)
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1. A group of people supporting any team are called fans.
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1. Группа людей, болеющих за какую-нибудь команду, называется фанатами. supporting – Participle I, определение.
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2. When given too much work I get tired very soon.
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2. Когда меня нагружают большим количеством работы, я быстро устаю. (When) given – Participle II, обстоятельство.
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3. This match is broadcast over the world.
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3. Этот матч транслируется по всему миру. (Is) broadcast – Participle II, составная часть видо-временной формы Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to broadcast. |
ВАРИАНТ 3
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите особое внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения 1).
А) 1. Our banks are exchanging foreign currencies on a constant basis.
2. Gold has proved to be the most popular of all metals used for making coins.
В) 1. In primitive societies a system of barter was used.
2. Monetary policy is concerned with the value, supply and cost of money in the economy.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. In many societies gold was considered as a magic substance protecting people against illness or evil spirits.
2. If desired, they can easily be converted into cash.
3. History witnessed a great variety of items serving as money at various times and places.
4. When issuing paper money, governments in fact give “promises to pay”.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Paper money may be easier to handle in the modern world.
2. Traveller’s cheques can be paid for in cash.
3. Babylonian merchants had to hire barkers to shout out their goods to passers by.
4. You must see the branch manager to open a current account.
IV. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы.
MONEY
1. The work which people undertake provides them with money. People buy essential commodities with money. All values in the economic system are measured in terms of money. Our goods and services are sold for money and that money is in its turn exchanged for other goods and services.
2. Originally a valuable metal (gold, silver or copper) served as a constant store of value and even today the American dollar is technically “backed” by the store of gold which the US government maintains. Because gold was universally regarded as a very valuable metal, national currencies were for many years judged in terms of the so-called “gold standard”.
3. Nowadays national currencies are considered to be as strong as the national economies which support them. Valuable metal has generally been replaced by paper notes. These notes are issued by the government and authorized banks and are known as “legal tender”. Cheques and money orders perform the function of substitute money and are known as “instruments of credit”.
4. Credit is only offered when creditors believe that they have a good chance of obtaining legal tender when they present such instruments at a bank or other authorized institutions. If a person’s assets are known to be considerable, then their credit will be good. If their assets are in doubt, then it may be difficult for them to obtain large sums of credit or oven to pay for goods with a cheque.
5. The value of money is basically its value as a medium of exchange or as economists put it, its “purchasing power”. This purchasing power is dependent on supply and demand. The demand of money is reckonable as the quantity needed to effect business transactions. The demand of money is related to the rapidity with which the business is done. The supply of money is the actual amount in notes and coins available for business purposes.
6. If too much money is available its value decreases. This condition is known as “inflation”.
V. Прочтите 5-ый абзац текста и письменно ответьте на поставленный вопрос:
What is known as “inflation”?