Устные темы:

ECOLOGY

1) About two hundred years ago man lived in harmony with nature, because industry was not much developed. 2) Today the contradictions between man and nature are dramatic. 3) Every year world industry throws out into atmosphere about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. 3^a) Filters, modernization of equipment, modem technology, waste-4ess production must be used to prevent pollution of air, water, soil. 4) People of many cities suffer from smog. 5) Forests are disappearing. 6) The pollution of the air, oceans, seas, rivers, and lakes and the destruction of the ozone layer could lead our planet to a global catastrophe. 7) The Earth is our home and we must take care of it for ourselves and for the next generations. 8) We must keep our environment clean. 9) Each of us must do everything possible to keep the land, air and water clean.

1. Was industry much developed two hundred years ago?

2. What does world industry throw out into atmosphere?

3. What could lead our planet to a global catastrophe?

4. Why must we take care of the Earth?

5. What must we do to keep planet clean?

RUSSIA

Russia is one of the largest countries in the world. The vast territory of Russia lies in the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Russia is washed by twelve seas and three oceans. The oceans are the Arctic, the Atlantic ,the Pacific. Russia borders on many countries such as Mongolia and China in the south-east, Finland and Norway in the north- west and so on.

The land of Russia varies from forests to deserts, from high mountains to deep valleys. The main mountain chains are the Urals, the Caucasus and the Altai. The longest rivers are the Volga in Europe and the Ob, - the Yenisei, the Lena in Asia. The largest lakes are Ladoga and Baikal. The Russian Federation is rich in natural and mineral resources. It has deposits of oil, gas, coal, iron, gold and many others. The current population of Russia is more than 150 million people.

The capital of Russian Federation is Moscow with the population of about 10 million people. Russia is a presidential republic. It is one of the leading powers in the world.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY vast territory Обширная, огромная

территория To lie Лежать, находиться

To be washed by Омываться

To border on Граничить

To vary from... to... Варьироваться, изменяться

A desert Пустыня

A valley Долина

A mountain chain Горная цепь

To be rich in Быть богатым чем-либо

Natural and mineral resources Природные ресурсы и полезные

ископаемые

A deposit of Месторождение

Oil . Нефть

Gas Газ

Coal Уголь

Iron Железо

Gold Золото

A presidential republic Президентская республика

A power Держава

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1. Where does the vast territory of Russia lie?

2. What oceans and seas is Russia washed by?

3. What countries does Russia border on?

4. What are the main mountain chains, rivers and lakes in Russia?

5. What mineral resources are there in Russia?

6. What is the population of Russia?

7. What is the form of government in Russia?