Drozdova_gram

ISBN 5-94962-075-5

© Т. Ю. Дроздова, А. И. Берестова, В. Г. Маилова, 1996-2004

© ООО «Антология», 2005

CONTENTS

THE VERB

1. The Verb "to be"

8

2. "There is (are)" Construction

11

3. The Verb "to have"

13

4.

English Tenses Active

16

5. The Indefinite (Simple) Forms

18

5.1

The Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense

18

5.2

The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense

20

5.3

The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense

24

6. The Continuous Forms

27

6.1

The Present Continuous Tense

27

6.2

The Present Continuous and Present

Indefinite (Simple)

31

6.3

The Past Continuous Tense

34

6.4

The Past Continuous and Past Indefinite (Simple)

35

6.5

The Future Continuous Tense

39

6.6

Revision

41

7. The

Perfect Forms

42

7.1

The Present Perfect Tense

42

7.2

The Present Perfect and Past Indefinite (Simple)

47

7.3

The Past

Perfect Tense

52

7.4

The Future

Perfect Tense

58

8. The Perfect Continuous Forms

60

8.1

The Present Perfect Continuous

60

8.2

The Present Continuous and Present

Perfect Continuous

61

8.3

The Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous

62

8.4

Revision

65

8.5

The Past Perfect Continuous

67

8.6

The Past Continuous and Past Perfect Continuous

69

8.7 The Future Perfect Continuous

71

9. The Revision of Tenses

72

10. Tests

the Future

80

11. Talking about

82

11.1 Present Tenses with a Future Meaning

82

11.2"to be going to ..."

84

11.3The Future

Indefinite (Simple)

85

11.4 "be to", "be about to", "be due to"

88

11.5 Revision

88

THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES

1. General Rules

91

2.

Revision

96

3.

Tests

97

1.

Indirect Statement

and Request

98

2.

Indirect Command

100

3.

Indirect Questions

101

3.1

Indirect General Questions

101

4.

3.2

Indirect Special

Questions

102

Revision

103

1. The Formation of the Passive Voice

107

2.

Uses of the Passive Voice Peculiar to the English Language

108

3.

Revision

118

4.

Tests

120

1. Conditional Sentences

122

1.1

Revision

130

2.

1.2

Test

131

Making a Wish

132

3.

Revision

135

4.

Tests

136

MODAL VERBS

1.

Definition

137

2. Can

138

2.1

Revision

143

3. May

144

4.

Must

147

5.

4.1

Revision

154

Should and Ought

155

6.

Need

158

7.

Revision

160

8.

Tests

164

THE NOUN

1. Formation of

Nouns

166

2.

Classification

of

Nouns

169

3.

The Category of

Number

172

4.

The Category of Case

177

5.

Tests

181

1. The Use of Articles with Common Nouns

182

1.1

The Use of the Indefinite Article (a/an)

182

1.2

The Use of the Definite Article (the)

184

1.3

The Zero Article

186

1.4

Revision

191

2.

The Use of Articles with Nouns of Material and Abstract Nouns

193

3.

The Use of Articles with Proper Nouns

196

3.1

Geographical Names

196

3.2

Names of Persons

197

3.3

The Use of Articles in the Names of Places, Some Buildings,

public organizations, etc

198

4.

3.4

Revision

200

Special Difficulties in the Use of Articles

201

5.

The Use of Articles with Nouns in Some Set Expressions

205

6.

Tests

207

1.

Classification of

Pronouns

209

1.1

Personal and

Possessive Pronouns

209

1.2

Reflexive Pronouns

212

1.3

Demostrative Pronouns

215

1.4

Interrogative Pronouns

216

1.5

Defining Pronouns

217

1.6

Indefinite and

Negative Pronouns

224

1.7

"Much/many", "little/few", "a little/a few"

231

2.

Tests

234

1.

Formation of Adjectives

235

2.

Word Order: adjective + noun

238

3.

The Comparison of Adjectives

241

4.

Tests

249

THE ADVERB

1.

Definition and

Forms

250

2.

Classification

of Adverbs

254

2.1

Adverbs of Manner

254

2.2

Adverbs of Time

256

2.3

Adverbs of Frequency

258

2.4

Adverbs of Place and Direction

259

2.5

Adverbs of Degree, Measure and Quantity

260

2.6

Viewpoint Adverbs

266

3.

Revision

268

4.

Tests

270

THE VERB TO BE' IN THE PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE

POSITIVE FORM

NEGATIVE FORM

QUESTIONS

I

am

(I'm)

I

am

not

(I'm not)

Am

I?

You

are

(you're)

You

are

not

(you're not or you aren't)

Are

you?

He

is

(he's)

He

is

not

(he's not or he isn't)

Is

he?

She

is

(she's)

She

is

not

(she's not or she isn't)

Is

she?

It

is

(it's)

It

is

not

(it's not or it isn't)

Is

it?

We

are

(we're)

We

are

not

(we're not or we aren't)

Are

we?

You

are

(you're)

You

are

not

(you're not or you aren't)

Are

you?

They

are

(they're)

They

are

not

(they're not or they aren't)

Are

they?

Ex. 1

I. Write short forms (she's/we're, etc.).

1. he is

he's

3. she is not

5.1 am not

2. they are

4. it is not

6. you are not

II. Write the full forms (she is/we are, etc.)

7. we aren't

we are not

9. you're __

11. it isn't

8. I'm

10. they aren't

12. she's

Ex. 2. Put in am, is or are.

1. The sky /§ very blue today. 2.1

not tired. 3. This shelf

very heavy.

4. These shelves

child

asleep.

very heavy. 5. The

6. Look! This

Mabel. 7.1

cold. Can

you shut the window,

please? 8.

The castle

one thousand

years old.

9. My

brother and I

good tennis players. 10. Amy

at

home but her

parents

in church. 11.1

student. 12. My sister

a

an archeologist.

1.

(Brussels...the capital of Belgium) Brussels is the capital of Belgium.

2.

I...interested in hockey) I am not interested in hockev.

3.

L.angry)

4.

It...cold today)

5.

The Hague...in Switzerland).

6.

I...afraid of dogs)

7. My hands...dirty)

.

8.

Russia...a very big country)

9.

The Amur...in Europe)

10.

Diamonds...cheap)

1.

(his name?) What's his name?

Robert.

2.

(single or married?) Are vou single or married?

I'm single.

3.

(British?)

No,I'm not.

4.

(where / from?)

FromAustralia.

5.

(how old?)

I'm18.

6.

(a student?)

No,I'm a secretary.

7.

(your mother a teacher?)

No, she's a lawyer.

8.

(where / from?)

She'sItalian.

9.

(her name?)

Rachel.

10. (how old?)

She's40.