Time

Exercise 1

Use the time clauses in the boxes to complete the sentences. Pay particular attention to the words that come before or after the time clause.

Part 1: One action or situation occurring before another action or situation

prior to previously earlier formerly precede by the time

1.……...............…. the advent of the Industrial Revolution, pollution was virtually unheard of.

2.……...............…. the army had restored order, the city had been almost completely devastated.

3.……...............….known as Burma, the republic of Myanmar is undergoing a slow and painful political transformation.

4.A sudden drop in temperature will usually ……...............…. a blizzard.

5.It was my first trip on an airplane. ……...............…. I'd always gone by train.

6.The President made a speech praising charity organizations working in Mozambique. ……...............….that day he had promised massive economic aid to stricken areas.

Part 2: One action or situation occurring at the same time as another action

while / as / just as during / throughout at that very moment in the meantime / meanwhile

1.……...............…. the senator was making his speech, thousands of demonstrators took to the streets.

2.……...............…. the speech they jeered and shouted slogans.

3.The senator continued speaking. ……...............…. the police were ordered onto the streets.

4.He finished the speech with a word of praise for the police. ……...............…. the sun came out and shone down on the angry demonstrators.

Part 3: One action or situation occurring after another action or situation

afterward as soon as / once / the minute that following

Vocabulary General

General Vocabulary

66

Word association: Adjectives

Complete each of the following sentences with one adjective. This adjective should be one that is often used (i.e., it collocates) with the nouns and / or adverbs in italics. To help you, the first and last letters of each word have been given to you, and there is a sample sentence to show you how that adjective could work with one of the nouns or adverbs.

The first one has been done as an example.

1.C_AREFU__L is often followed by the nouns analysis, assessment, consideration, deliberation, examination, observation, or planning.

(Sample sentence: After _____ observation, we noticed that the drug was beginning to take effect).

2.C__________L is often followed by the nouns argument, aspect, debate, feature, idea, importance, issue, role, or theme.

(Sample sentence: The _____ theme of his talk was the possibility of interstellar travel).

3.C__________L is often followed by the nouns analysis, appraisal, evaluation, examination, or scrutiny.

(Sample sentence: They carried out a _____ examination of the documents to see if they were genuine).

4.D__________G is often followed by the nouns consequence, effect, impact, result, admission, allegation, criticism, or disclosure.

(Sample sentence: After a series of _____ allegations about his professional misconduct, he resigned).

5.E__________L is often followed by the nouns characteristic, component, element, feature, ingredient, part, or requirement.

(Sample sentence: A working knowledge of Spanish is an _____ requirement if you want the job).

6.F__________E is often followed by the nouns accusation, allegation, assumption, belief, claim, description, impression, or statement. It is often preceded by the adverbs blatantly, completely, entirely, patently, totally, or utterly.

(Sample sentence: She made several _____ assumptions about her new professor).

7.I__________T is often followed by the nouns aspect, element, factor, feature, issue, part, or point. It is often preceded by the adverbs crucially, extremely, particularly, terribly, or vitally.

(Sample sentence: It is vitally _____ to disconnect the appliance from the power supply before dismantling it).

8.I__________E is often preceded by the adverbs absolutely, almost, nearly, practically, quite, seemingly, totally, utterly, or virtually.

(Sample sentence: I found the language practically _____ to learn).

9.I__________D is often preceded by the adverbs deeply, extremely, genuinely, keenly, mainly, particularly, primarily, principally, or seriously.

(Sample sentence: I like 19th century art, but I'm primarily _____ in the pre-Raphaelite movement).

10.L__________Y is often followed by the nouns delay, discussion, interview, negotiations, pause, or period.

(Sample sentence: After a _____ pause, she continued speaking).

Vocabulary General