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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_3302_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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Cover
Complaints, Litigation and
Clinical Errors
is concise book provides readers with practical guidance to help them to both
avoid errors and develop robust processes to protect themselves and their patients,
as well as dealing appropriately with complaints and litigation, when things do
go wrong. Free of complex legal terminology, the book outlines key concepts in
medical law and how these may be applied to clinical situations in both hospital
and community settings.
Incorporating case law with practical studies, legal information is supplemented
by clinical commentaries from a range of specialists representing the perspective
of the health care practitioner. e book is essential reading for medical and
health students, practising clinicians and allied health care professionals at all
levels.
Complaints, Litigation and
Clinical Errors
A Practical Guide for Health Care
Students and Professionals
Amar Alwitry
Consultant Ophthalmologist
Cataract & Refractive Surgeon
Nottingham, UK
Janine Collier
Executive Partner
Tees Law
Cambridge, UK
Designed cover image: Shutterstock image 795328330
First edition published 2024
by CRC Press
2385 NW Executive Center Drive, Suite 320, Boca Raton, FL 33431
and by CRC Press
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
© 2024 Amar Alwitry and Janine Collier
is book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reason-
able eorts have been made to publish reliable data and information, neit her the author[s] nor the pub-
lisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions t hat may be made. e
publishers wish to make clear that any views or opinions expressed in this book by individua l editors,
authors or contributors are personal to them and do not necessarily reect the views/opinions of the pub-
lishers. e information or guidance contained in this book is intended for use by medical, scientic or
health-care professionals and is provided strictly as a supplement to the medical or ot her professional’s
own judgement, their k nowledge of the patient’s medical history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions
and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of the rapid advances in medical science, any infor-
mation or adv ice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be independently veried. e reader is
strongly urged to consult the relevant national drug formulary and the drug companies’ and dev ice or
materia l manufacturers’ printed instructions, and their websites, before administering or utilizing any of
the drugs, dev ices or materials mentioned in this book. is book does not indicate whether a particular
treatment is appropriate or suitable for a particular individual. Ultimately it is the sole responsibility of
the medical professional to ma ke his or her own professional judgements, so as to advise and treat patients
appropriately. e authors and publishers have a lso attempted to trace the copyrig ht holders of all material
reproduced in this publication and apologize to copy right holders if permission to publish in t his form has
not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us k now so
we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, trans-
mitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereaer
invented, including photocopying, microlming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval
system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronica lly from this work, access www .copyright .com or
contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-
8400. For works that are not avai lable on CCC please contact mpkbookspermissions @tandf .co .uk
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used
only for identication and expla nation without intent to infringe.
ISBN: 978-1- 032-01631-3 (h bk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-01627-6 (pbk)
ISBN: 9 78-1-003 -17935-1 (eb k)
DOI: 10.12 01/9781003179351
Typeset in Minion
by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India
https://t.me/med1917
Dedicated to my father who I still miss
Amar Alwitry
https://t.me/med1917
https://t.me/med1917
vii
Contents
About the authors ix
1 Introduction 1
SECTION 1 THE LAW OVERVIEW 3
2 The basic principles of the law of medical negligence 5
3 Consent 10
4 Criminally negligent manslaughter 18
5 Bawa-Garba and the use of reflections in court 23
SECTION 2 REGULATORY BODIES 27
6 The General Medical Council 29
7 The Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman 35
8 The Care Quality Commission 39
9 The coroner 43
SECTION 3 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES 49
10 The junior doctor 51
11 Remote consultations and medicolegal implications 61
12 Locum s 65
SECTION 4 DEALING WITH COMPLAINTS 69
13 The National Health Service complaints process 71
14 Independent sector complaints processes 74
15 Duty of candour 76
https://t.me/med1917
viii Contents
16 Responding to the complaint 79
17 D ocumentation/Record keeping 86
18 Professional obligations and the role of reflections 93
SECTION 5 DEALING WITH LITIGATION 95
19 Medical defence organisations 97
20 Captain of the ship 101
21 What is disclosure, and what is disclosable in a medical negligence
case? 106
22 The legal process and the relationship with your lawyer 111
SECTION 6 COURT 117
23 Giving evidence in court 119
24 What the court and judge are looking for 123
25 Handling cross-examination 127
26 The role of the expert 131
27 Who will the court believe? 136
SECTION 7 NEGLIGENCE AND CLINICAL ERRORS 141
28 Allegations of negligence 143
29 Never events 152
30 Poor attitude 158
31 Poor communic at ion 163
32 System errors 169
SECTION 8 SPECIALITY-SPECIFIC LITIGATION 175
33 Specialities 177
SECTION 9 LEARNING AND AVOIDING ERRORS 195
34 How we learn 197
35 Why errors happen 204
36 Errors and cognitive bias 208
37 Improving diagnosis 214
38 Protecting yourself from litigation 222
Index 227
https://t.me/med1917
ix
About the authors
Amar Alwitry is a practicing consultant ophthalmologist in the East Midlands
and speciality advisor to the Care Quality Commission (CQC). He commenced
medicolegal practice aer obtaining his master’s in medical law and has written
three textbooks and two novels. He is father to four children, Max, Toby, Oscar
and Saa, and married to Claudia, a GP and aesthetic practitioner. He has an
active interest in patient safety and education.
Janine Collier is a partner at Tees Law, a law rm with a recognised top tier
medical negligence practice. She studied classics and then law at Cambridge
University prior to qualifying as a solicitor in 2001 and has specialised in medi-
cal negligence ever since. She is a trustee at Action against Medical Accidents
(AvMA), the patient safety charity, and believes in learning from avoidable harm
to drive standards in patient safety. She has delivered a number of talks to health
care professionals and has had numerous articles published. She is married to
Nick and is mother to two children, George and Ben (currently studying medi-
cine!), as well as two dogs, Boo and Winnie!
https://t.me/med1917
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