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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_6056_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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presentation of, and
biopsychosocial model
of illness, 52–53, 55–56
and psychosocial flags,
51–57
thoracic see Thoracic pain
urogenital systems, pain
referral, 22, 23, 24
Palmer, Daniel David, 7
Pancoast, Henry, 101
Pancoast tumours, 101–102
Passive smoking, lung cancer
deaths, 109
Pathology, early
development of
indicators, 8–14
Patient–clinician
consultation, extract,
143–165
Petty, N, 182
Physiotherapy profession
challenges for, 3–4
historical perspective, 7–8
McMillan Report (1973), 8
medical profession,
reliance on, 11–12
physiotherapists, increase
in number (EU), 6
professional autonomy, 8
Pins and needles, bilateral,
133
Plantar reflex, testing, 183
Plantar response, positive
extensor, 183–184
Pneumonia, 102, 126
Positivist paradigm, clinical
reasoning, 61
INDEX
210
Posterior stability test,
cervical instability,
182
Pragmatic reasoning, 61, 72,
73
Pre-manipulative protocols,
vertebral artery
testing, 179, 180–181
Previous failed treatment,
current episode
questions, 133–135
Primary care, patient
management, 6
Prostate cancer, 94
Pyogenic infections, Red Flag
list, 34–35
Quebec Task Force
clinical guidelines (1987
Report), 14–16
diagnostic categories,
spinal disorders,
14–16, 15, 57
on whiplash, 127, 128,
129, 130
Red Flag list (pathologies)
brucellosis, 35–36
cancer, 26–33, 28, 29, 30
drug addiction, 34
hierarchical, 192
HIV/AIDS, 40–42
pyogenic infections,
34–35
tuberculosis (TB), 36–39,
37
weighted, 80, 81–82
Red Flags
age above 55 as, 93
benign conditions, 43
current teaching,
orthopaedic medicine,
12–13
defined, 18
government initiatives,
14
index of suspicion, 2–3
see also Index of
suspicion
and Red Herrings,
193–198, 195
sensitivity and specificity,
43–44
weight loss, 118
see also Black Flags; Blue
Flags; Orange Flags;
Red Flag list
(pathologies); Yellow
Flags
Red Herrings, 20–25
concept, 3
and Red Flags, 193–198,
195
and self-diagnosis, 77
Referral pathways, examples,
195
Rehabilitation, historical
perspective of
physiotherapy, 7
Research priorities, 90
Rivett, D A, 58, 61, 62, 65
Roberts, L, 53, 79
Roberts, P, 8
Robinson, Lucy, 8
INDEX
211
Rome, rehabilitation in, 7
Rothman, R H, 99
Round, A, 66
Royal College of General
Practitioners, 20
S4 sensation, altered, 178–179
Sacral nerve roots injury
cauda equina syndrome,
122–123
Saddle area, sensations,
178–179
Schell, B B, 60, 71, 72
Sciatica, and tumours, 136,
174
Science and Art of Joint
Manipulation
( J Mennell), 9
Scientific reasoning, 72
Scoliosis, spinal deformity,
174
Scott, I, 70
Scrotum, cancer of, 27
Self-diagnosis, 76, 77
Selfe, J, 55
Sharp-Purser test, cervical
instability, 182
Simeone, F A, 99
Skin warmth, and tumours,
174
SLR (straight leg raise) test,
175
Smoking
lifestyle questions,
108–110
spine, effects on, 110
Soot, as carcinogen, 26–27
Spasm, objective
examination, 179
Sphincter tone, loss of,
178–179
cauda equina syndrome,
122
Spinal disorders diagnostic
categories (Quebec
Task Force), 14–16, 15,
57
Spinal infection, clinical
reasoning, 70
Spine
deformity, 174–175
metastases in, 31, 32
smoking, effects on, 110
Staphylococcus, 35
Sterling, M, 130
Steroids, systemic, 69
Straight leg raise (SLR) test,
175
Subjective examination,
89–169
age, 91–96
current episode
questions, 117–135
lifestyle questions,
108–110
medical history see
Medical history
pain questions,
135–141
patient–clinician
consultation, extract,
143–165
see also Objective
examination
INDEX
212
Supine position, inability to
maintain, 174–175
Systemic illness, current
episode questions,
125–127
Thoracic pain, 136–137
causes, 21
Thoracolumbar region, pain
in, 103
Three-dimensional thinking,
3, 58, 116
models, 59
Tobacco, as carcinogen, 109
Toe, small reflex reactions,
183–184
Toxoplasmosis, and AIDS,
105
Trauma, 127–130, 128, 129
Triage, diagnostic
back pain, 17–18
Clinical Standards
Advisory Group
guidelines, 17
Tuberculosis (TB)
anterior granuloma, 39
antibiotics, 39
BCG vaccination, 38
declining death rate, 37
fever (tuberculosis
osteomyelitis), 70
HIV/AIDS, 38, 39,
41–42
Mycobacterium, 37, 38
Neolithic age, 36
paradiscal lesions, 39
Red Flag list, 36–39, 37
symptoms, 102–103
thoracic pain, 137
thoracolumbar region,
pain in, 103
Tumours
back pain, 92
benign and malignant,
26
bone, 31
brain, 21, 22
in dinosaurs, 26
in Egyptian mummies,
26
intraspinal, 91, 98
Pancoast, 101–102
pelvic, 32
primary, 31
and sciatica, 136, 174
skin warmth, 174
spinal, 98, 178
see also Cancer
United States
Agency for Health Care
Policy and Research
(AHCPR), 19–20
AIDS-related deaths, 40
University of Alabama
(UAB), pain behaviour
scale, 53–55
Upper cervical instability
tests, 181–182
Urogenital systems, pain
referral, 22, 23, 24
VBI see Vertebrobasilar
insufficiency (VBI)
INDEX
213
Vertebral artery
anatomy, 131
pre-manipulative
protocols, 179,
180–181
testing, 179–181
Vertebral bodies, metastases
in, 31
Vertebral fractures,
osteoporosis, 106
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
(VBI), 131–133
5D’s + 1, 132
symptoms, 132
WAD (whiplash-associated
disorder) see
Whiplash-associated
disorder (WAD)
Waddell, Gordon, 52, 53, 55,
56
Wardle, F M, 68
Warning signs, 12–13
articular/non-articular, 13
cancer, 97
Watkins, R G, 92, 93
Weight loss
cancer, 68–69
current episode
questions, 117–121
guide, 121
index of suspicion, 120
Malnutrition and
Universal Screening
Tool (MUST), 119–120
Nutrition Risk Score,
119
physical examination,
173
as Red Flag, 118
systemic illness, 126
Whiplash-associated disorder
(WAD), 127, 128
clinical classification, 130
upper cervical instability
tests, 181, 182
VBI, 132
WHO (World Health
Organization)
on cancer, 27
INDEX
214
International
Classification of
Functioning, Disability
and Health, 51, 71
Wiesel, S W, 76–77, 175
Wilson, A, 77
Yellow Flags, emotional and
behavioural factors,
52, 53, 134
Zambia, AIDS-related deaths,
40
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