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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_3947_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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Index 473
Protease-activated receptors (PARs)
activation and signaling mechanism, 9
platelets activation, 8–9, 184
Protein kinase (PK) C, 5
Prothrombin time (PT), 21
Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), 352–353
Pulmonary embolism (PE). See also Fibrinolysis
description, 341
diagnosis
chest radiography, 343–344
computed tomography imaging and MRA, 342
signs and symptoms, 341–342
TTE and biomarkers, 344
ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scanning, 342–343
fondaparinux, 442
morbidity and mortality, 352
treatment
fondaparinux and rt-PA, 345
pulmonary thromboembolectomy, 346–347
thrombolytic therapy, 345–346
PVT. See Prosthetic valve thrombosis
P2Y12 reaction units (PRU), 454
Q
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, 65–66
R
Recombinant staphylokinase (r-Sak)
description, 292–293
use, 293
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA).
See also Alteplase
vs. heparin, 346
PE treatment, 345
Renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), 427
Reperfusion therapy, 248
Rescue angioplasty, 254
S
Serum Amyloid A (SAA), 49
Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC), 407
ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
anticoagulants in, 253
antiplatelet therapies
aspirin, 220–221
glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibtors,
227–229
thienopyridines, 221–226
diagnosis and treatment, 248
fibrinolysis vs. direct PCI, 248–250
fibrinolytic agents, 250–254
Streptokinase
description, 250
and heparin, 253
peripheral arterial occlusions, 287–288
ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
DTIs, 193–194
fondaparinux, 199
heparin therapy, 196
PCI, 198
Surgery versus thrombolysis for ischemia of the lower
extremity (STILE), 291–292
Synthetic factor Xa inhibition, ACS
cost-analysis, 213
fondaparinux sodium, 205–206
glucosamine units, 205
multiple dose, 206
OASIS-6–STEMI
clinical outcomes, 211–212
treatment algorithm, 210
UFH, 212–213
OASIS-5–UA/NSTEMI
bleeding outcomes, 208
drug dosing, 209
enoxaparin, 207–208
PCI
bleeding events, 206
MACE rates, 207
T
Tenecteplase (TNK)
bolus-dose, 256
half-dose
and abciximab, 254
and enoxaparin, 253
and t-PA, 251
Thienopyridines
antiplatelet therapy, 294, 299–300
CHARISMA trials, 135–136
clopidogrel, 132
mechanical reperfusion, 225–227
PCI antiplatelet therapy
clopidogrel, 263–265
platelet, 263
pharmacologic reperfusion, 221–225
stable coronary artery disease
antiplatelet treatment, 138
cardiovascular disease, prevention, 132
STEMI, antiplatelet therapies
clopidogrel therapy, 223–225
efficacy endpoint, 221–222
PCI, 225–226
ticlopidine, 221
Thrombectomy, carotid intervention, 295–296
Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), 27
Thrombin receptor antagonists (TRA)
anti-inflammatory activities, 52
antiplatelet therapy, 51
APC, 51–52
inactive coagulation factors, 50
https://t.me/med1917
Index474
Thrombocytopenia
definition, 436
VKA administration, 437
Thromboembolism
heart failure
epidemiology, 426
treatment, 427
rates, 429
Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction IIIB
(TIMI IIIB), 167
Thrombolytics
alteplase, 290–292
reteplase and tenecteplase, 292
staphylokinase, 292–293
streptokinase, 287–288
urokinase, 288–290
Thrombolytic therapy
full-dose, 255
ICH rate, 252
vs. PTCA, 249
Thrombosis genetics
arterial thrombotic disorders
genetic factors, 79–80
hemostatic system genes, 81–85
arterial vs. venous thrombotic risk, 85–86
coagulation evolutionary basis, 64–65
and coagulation, humans
association studies, 66–67
linkage analysis, 65–66
complex diseases
gene-environment interactions, 93–94
gene-expression profiles, 96
gene-gene interactions, 95
genomic studies, 97
evidence, 64
inherited thrombotic disorders
clinical manifestations, 88–89
screening, 89–90
treatment implications, 90–93
pharmacogenomics
antiplatelet agents, 86–88
warfin and fibrinolytic therapies, 88
venous thrombotic disorders
activated protein C deficiencies, 74–75
activated protein C resistance, 73–74
antithrombin III deficiency, 68–71
diagnostic testing, 78
genetic factors, 77–78
hyperhomocysteinemia, 76–77
lupus anticoagulant/antiphospholipid antibodies, 77
protein C deficiency, 72–73
protein S deficiency, 71–72
prothrombin 20210A, 75–76
Thrombosis prevention trial (TPT), 121, 123, 124
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), 10
Ticlopidine
and aspirin, PCI, 225
description, 221
myocardial infarction, 149
PCI, 150–151
Tissue-factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), 78
Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)
benefit, 298
synthesis, 290–291
tenecteplase (TNK-t-PA), 292
TNF-a. See Tumor necrosis factor-a
TRA. See Thrombin receptor antagonists
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), 416
Transient ischemic attack (TIA), 122, 124
Transluminal angioplasty, 295
Transthroacic echocardiography (TTE), 334, 344
Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a)
inflammatory system, 43
pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine, 44
T-cell release, 42
U
Unfractionated heparin (UFH), 413
ACT
goal, 321
test, 320–321
depolymerization, 166
dosing, 320
fondaparinux, 443
heparin monitoring and dosing
aPTT, 167
weight, 168
HIT, 436
LMWHs, 253–254
and t-PA, 253
Unstable angina (UA)
DTIs, 188–193
MACE rate, 203
Urokinase, peripheral arterial thrombolysis,
288–290
Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor
(u-PAR), 22–23
Urokinase-Streptokinase pulmonary embolism trial, 345
V
Valvular heart disease, antithrombotic therapy
bridging therapy, 419–420
native valve disease
MAC, 407–408
mitral stenosis, 406–407
MVP and mitral valvuloplasty, 407
risk factors, 406
pregnancy and anticoagulation
asymmetric risk/benefit, 412
nadroparin and UFH, 413
https://t.me/med1917
Index 475
prosthetic heart valves
bioprosthetic, 412
mechanical, 408, 410–411
PVT
diagnosis, 416
prevention, 418
treatment, 416–418
withholding anticoagulation, 418–419
Variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), 83, 85
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 47
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)
atherogenesis, 31
platelet activation, 21
Vasodilators in heart failure trials (V-HeFT)
anticoagulant agents, 429
thromboembolism, 428
Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP)
assay, 309–310
P2Y12 signaling, specificity, 453
subacute stent thrombosis, 456
Venous limb gangrene (VLG)
coumarin-induced, 437
intravenous vitamin K, 443
Venous thromboembolism (VTE)
DVT
accurance, 334–335
diagnosis, 335–336
inferior vena cava (IVC) filters, 340–341
treatment, 336–340
upper extremity and superficial venous thrombosis,
341
epidemiology and pathogenesis
description, 331
DVT, 332–333
risk factors, 332
non-fatal complications, 334–335
prevention, 333
pulmonary embolism
diagnosis, 342–344
signs and symptoms, 341–342
treatment, 345–347
Venous thrombotic disorder
activated protein C deficiencies
APC resistance, 74
EPCR, 74–75
antithrombin III deficiency
anticoagulant protein, 71
clinical management, 72
heparin, 68–69
immunologic and functional, 73
risk and incidence, 69
APCR
aPTT assay, 73
VTE risks, 74
vs. arterial thrombotic risk, 85–86
genetic variants, 70
hyperhomocysteinemia, 76–77
lupus anticoagulant/antiphospholipid antibodies, 77
protein C deficiency
coagulation factors, 72
immunologic and functional assays, 73
purpura fulminans, 72–73
protein S deficiency
mutations, 72
nonenzymatic cofactor, 71
prothrombin 20210A
fibrinogen to fibrin conversion, 75
G20210A mutation, 75–76
risk factors and roles, 76
VTE
laboratory assays and, 78
pathophysiology, 67
risk factors, 77–78
Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scanning, 342–343
VerifyNow aspirin assay, 312, 318
VerifyNow P2Y12 assay, 312, 319
VerifyNow rapid platelet function assay (RPFA), 311–312
Vitamin K antagonist (VKA)
anticoagulation, 339
DVT, 340
warfarin, 437
VKA. See Vitamin K antagonist
VSMCs. See Vascular smooth muscle cells
VTE. See Venous thromboembolism
W
Warfarin
description, 391
effects, 124
HIT and, 437, 442–443
indirect ihrombin inhibitors, 284–285, 297
risks, 393
Whole blood aggregometry (WBA), 308–309
Withholding anticoagulation, 418–419
X
Ximelagatran, 188, 189
Z
Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI), 27
https://t.me/med1917
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