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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5971_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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Methods and spectrum Limitations and outcomes
Absorptivity centring via factorised ratio spectrum
X ( )
Y ( )
Mixture ( )
Wavelengh (nm)
0.000
000.00
900.00
920.00
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
Peak Amplitude
λ
1
λ
2
√ Could be applied in the presence of an extension region
√ Could be applied in the absence of an extension region
× Recovery of parent spectra that confirm the spectral profile of the target
component
× Concentrations are calculated at zero order
√ Need a factorised spectrum
√ Need a divisor spectrum
× Could be used for minor components
× Need special software
Ratio subtraction coupled with unified constant subtraction
X ( )
Y ( )
Mixture ( )
Wavelengh (nm)
210
100
210
0
250
300
320
Peak Amplitude
C.V
√ Could be applied in the presence of an extension region
× Could be applied in the absence of an extension region
√ Recovery of parent spectra that confirm the spectral profile of the target
component
√ Concentrations are calculated at zero order
× Need a factorised spectrum
√ Need a divisor spectrum
× Could be used for minor components
× Need special software
(Continued)
https://t.me/medicina_free
Methods and spectrum Limitations and outcomes
Constant extraction
X ( )
Y ( )
Mixture ( )
Constant value
X/X
000.00
0.000
7.500
10.000
200.00
300.00
Peak Amplitude
Wavelengh (nm)
λ
1
λ
2
√ Could be applied in the presence of an extension region
√ Could be applied in the absence of an extension region
√ Recovery of parent spectra that confirm the spectral profile of the target
component
√ Concentrations are calculated at zero order
× Need a factorised spectrum
√ Need a divisor spectrum
× Could be used for minor components
× Need special software
Table 8.3 (Continued)
https://t.me/medicina_free
Methods and spectrum Limitations and outcomes
Advanced amplitude centring √ Could be applied in the presence of an extension region
√ Could be applied in the absence of an extension region
× Recovery of parent spectra that confirm the spectral profile of the target
component
× Concentrations are calculated at zero order
× Need a factorised spectrum
√ Need a divisor spectrum
× Could be used for minor components
× Need special software
Dual amplitude difference
X ( )
Y ( )
Z ( )
Mixture ( )
210.00
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.400
240.00
260.00
280.00
300.00
Wavelength (nm)
Peak Amplitude
√ Could be applied in the presence of an extension region
√ Could be applied in the absence of an extension region
√ Recovery of parent spectra that confirm the spectral profile of the target
component
√ Concentrations are calculated at zero order
√ Need a factorised spectrum
√ Need a divisor spectrum
× Could be used for minor components
× Need special software
(Continued)
https://t.me/medicina_free
Methods and spectrum Limitations and outcomes
Induced dual amplitude difference coupled with spectrum
subtraction
Wavelength (nm)
Peak Amplitude
200.00
0.000
100.000
120.000
50.000
250.00 300.00
330.00
X ( )
Y ( )
Mixture ( )
λ
1
λ
2
√ Could be applied in the presence of an extension region
√ Could be applied in the absence of an extension region
√ Recovery of parent spectra that confirm the spectral profile of the target
component
√ Concentrations are calculated at zero order
√ Need a factorised spectrum
√ Need a divisor spectrum
× Could be used for minor components
× Need special software
Table 8.3 (Continued)
https://t.me/medicina_free
Methods and spectrum Limitations and outcomes
Window 4
Unlimited derivative ratio
Wavelength (nm)
Peak Amplitude
200.00
−4.762
−4.000
−2.000
2.124
0.000
250.00
300.00
350.00
X ( )
Y ( )
Z ( )
λ
1
λ
2
√ Could be applied in the presence of an extension region
√ Could be applied in the absence of an extension region
× Recovery of parent spectra that confirm the spectral profile of the target
component
× Concentrations are calculated at zero order
× Need a factorised spectrum
√ Need a divisor spectrum
× Could be used for minor components
× Need special software
(Continued)
https://t.me/medicina_free
Methods and spectrum Limitations and outcomes
Factorised derivative ratio coupled with spectrum subtraction
Peak
amp
Peak
amp
Peak
amp.
Wavelength (nm)
00
00
20
22
24
26
28
(a)
Wavelength (nm)
(c)
Wavelength (nm)
(d)
(b)
0
0
20 22 24
26
28
220
−40
−20
0
1
0.5
−0.5
−1
215 220 230 240 252
0
1
23
240
260
280
295
Wavelength (nm)
√ Could be applied in the presence of an extension region
√ Could be applied in the absence of an extension region
× Recovery of parent spectra that confirm the spectral profile of the target
component
× Concentrations are calculated at zero order
√ Need a factorised spectrum
√ Need a divisor spectrum
× Could be used for minor components
× Need special software
Table 8.3 (Continued)
https://t.me/medicina_free
Methods and spectrum Limitations and outcomes
Factorised derivative ratio null contribution
X ( )
Y ( )
Z ( )
26.000
20.000
0.000
−20.000
−26.000
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
Wavelengh (nm)
Peak Amplitude
λ
1
λ
2
√ Could be applied in the presence of an extension region
√ Could be applied in the absence of an extension region
× Recovery of parent spectra that confirm the spectral profile of the target
component
× Concentrations are calculated at zero order
√ Need a factorised spectrum
√ Need a divisor spectrum
× Could be used for minor components
× Need special software
https://t.me/medicina_free
Table 8.4 Advanced univariate spectrophotometric applications in different matrices since 2017.
Analytes Methods Matrix
Greenness
assessment (GA) Solvent
Year and
window (W) References
Pharmaceutical applications
Paracetamol, pseudoephedrine
hydrochloride, and
carbinoxamine maleate
Direct spectrophotometry
Dual wavelength
First derivative
Derivative ratio
Ratio difference
Constant centre linked to
spectrum subtraction
Constant multiplication linked to
spectrum subtraction
Michaelon® tablets GA Distilled water 2022
W1
W2
W3
[128]
Amlodipine and atorvastatin
Amlodipine and candesartan
Constant extraction
Ratio subtraction coupled with
unified constant subtraction
Constant centre
Caduet® and
Tansifa® tablets
None Methanol 2022
W3
[93]
Marbofloxacin Modified ratio difference
Mean centring
Marbofloxacin
Veterinary tablets
None Purified water
+ ethanol (80 :
20 v/v)
2022
W3
[129]
Dutasteride and silodosin Amplitude modulation
Absorptivity centring
Constant extraction linked to
spectrum subtraction
Ratio subtraction linked to
constant multiplication
Absorbance subtraction
Maxvoid Plus-4
tablets
GA Ethanol 2022
W3
W1
[[130]
https://t.me/medicina_free
Analytes Methods Matrix
Greenness
assessment (GA) Solvent
Year and
window (W) References
Betrixaban on its own or mixed
with lercanidipine
First derivative amplitudes
Direct spectrophotometry
Laboratory-
prepared capsules
and
Care-dipine tablets
GA Methanol 2022
W1
W2
[131]
Aspirin and omeprazole Dual wavelength
Advanced absorbance
subtraction
First and second derivative
Ratio difference
Mean centring
Derivative ratio
Yosprala 81/40
tablet
None Methanol 2022
W1
W2
W3
[132]
Saxagliptin hydrochloride and
dapagliflozin propanediol
monohydrate
Ratio difference
Ratio subtraction in conjunction
with extended ratio subtraction
Induced dual wavelength
Formigliptin® and
Diglifloz® tablets
None Methanol 2022
W3
W1
[133]
Amlodipine,
telmisartan, hydrochlorothiazide,
and chlorthalidone
Fourier self-deconvolution
Amplitude factor
First derivative
Telvas 3D and
Telmikind-Ct
tablets
None Methanol 2022
W2
W3
[134]
Ibuprofen, pseudoephedrine
hydrochloride,
caffeine and
chlorpheniramine maleate
Derivative ratio
Constant multiplication in
conjunction with spectrum
subtraction
Dual amplitude difference
Factorised first derivative in
conjunction with derivative
transformation
Antiflu® capsules None Methanol 2021
W3
W4
[61]
(Continued)
https://t.me/medicina_free
Analytes Methods Matrix
Greenness
assessment (GA) Solvent
Year and
window (W) References
Mix I:
Olmesartan medoxomil and
amlodipine besylate
Mix II:
Telmisartan and
hydrochlorothiazide
Mix I:
Induced dual wavelength
Absorbance correction
Ratio subtraction in conjunction
with constant multiplication
Mix II:
Advanced absorbance
subtraction
Dual wavelength
Constant centre in conjunction
with spectrum subtraction
Excaliba® and
Micardis® plus
tablets
None Methanol 2021
W1
W3
W4
[43]
Tenofovir alafenamide with its
alkali degradation
Dual wavelength
Ratio difference
First derivative of ratio spectra
HEPBEST® tablets GA Methanol 2021
W1
W3
W4
[135]
Emogliflozin and metformin First derivative
First derivative of ratio spectra
Amplitude difference
Mixers and tablets
prepared in a
laboratory
GA Water 2021
W2
W3
[136]
Remogliflozin and vildagliptin Ratio difference
Derivative ratio
spectrophotometry
Tablet formulation GA Water 2021
W3
[137]
Clotrimazole and tinidazole Derivative spectrophotometry
Area under the curve
Absorptivity factor
Bulk and ointment GA 10% v/v ethanol 2021
W1
W2
[138]
Table 8.4 (Continued)
https://t.me/medicina_free
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