Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_151_библиотеки_им_акад_М_И_Перельмана

PD-1 functions as an inhibitory signaling receptor on the surface of T lymphocytes. Programmed cell death-ligand1 (PD-L1) is one of the ligands which cancer cells commonly overexpress to inhibit function and stimulation of lymphocytes, inhibiting T-cell-mediated eradication (Sharpe and Pauken 2018). Recent research has revealed that checkpoint inhibition, which targets PD-1 or PDL-1, is a successful therapy for several tumors, including melanoma, lymphoma, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and others that express high levels of PD-L-1 or PD-1 overexpression in T cells (Chen et al. 2020). PD-L1 inhibitors are therefore recognized as efficient, targeted therapies for preventing T-cell cancer evasion. An anti-PD-1 antibody “pembrolizumab (Nivolumab)” binds with the PD-L1 on tumor cells to stop it from interacting to the PD-1 on T cells and stopping T cell inhibition, allowing T cells to kill cancer cells (Han et al. 2020). In a phase II KEYNOTE-180 clinical trial, EC patients who received pembrolizumab experienced overall remis­sion rates of only 10%, with median overall survival times (mOS) of 5.8 months and objective response rates (ORR) of 14.3% (Vivaldi et al. 2020). A similar study using pembrolizumab observed ORR of 13.8% and 6.3% in EC patients with PD-L1 expression compared to PD-L1 negative patients, respectively (Shah et al. 2019). Though the side effects of pembrolizumab including nausea, vomiting, and hyper­tension have not been thoroughly studied; however, these clinical studies result in the FDA approval of pembrolizumab as a second-line therapy option for PD-L1 positive EC patients. Another anti-PD-L1 antibody Nivolumab has been approved by the FDA as a secondary treatment for EC patients with advanced disease (Barsouk et al. 2019).