Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_151_библиотеки_им_акад_М_И_Перельмана

It has been acknowledged now that the fate of solid tumors is decided not only by the proliferating cancer cells but also by the physiological state of the environment surrounding the tumor cells, i.e., the tumor microenvironm ent (TME) (Giraldo et al.

milieu. Among the components of the TME, the neuromodulators are rapidly emerging as important non-cellular factors that in fluence the progression of cancers (Spindel 2012; Basu and Dasgupta 2000; Li and Cho 2011; Krüttgen et al. 2006; Kitlinska et al. 2006; Sejda et al. 2020; Zhang et al. 2019; Wei et al. 2021). Growing evidence suggests that neurotransmitters and neuropeptides regulate several steps of tumorigenesis like proliferation, migration, and invasion by tumor cells, and the formation of new blood vessels from existing vessels or angiogenesis to sustain the tumor cells (Basu et al. 2004; Chakroborty et al. 2008, 2009, 2011; Gomez-Flores et al. 2021; Hondermarck, and Jobling 2018; Krüttgen et al. 2006; Lin et al. 2021; Rubí and Maechler 2010; Sarkar et al. 2013; Sejda et al. 2020; Wei et al. 2021; Zahalka et al. 2017). A better understanding of the interactions of the neurotransmitters with cancer cells and other cells of the TME might therefore facilitate the development of new approaches for detection and therapy that can be used as novel strategies to complement the existing treatment options. Here, we focus on the recent advances in the understanding of the role of neuromodulators in the TME of GC and CRC.

and Young 2009; Fleming et al. 2020). The submucosal plexus exists between the circular muscle layer and the mucosa and comprises at least 2 networks, Meissner plexus (closer to the mucosa) and Schabadasch plexus (adjacent to the circular muscle) (Hansen 2003). Submucosal ganglia and connecting fiber bundles form plexuses in the small and large intestines (Furness et al. 2014).