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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_41_библиотеки_им_акад_М_И_Перельмана
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Respiratory Medicine
Series Editors: Sharon I.S. Rounds · Anne Dixon · Lynn M. Schnapp
M. Safwan Badr
Jennifer L. Martin Editors
Essentials of
Sleep Medicine
A Practical Approach to Patients with
Sleep Complaints
Second Edition
Respiratory Medicine
Series Editors
SharonI.S.Rounds, Brown University
Providence,RI,USA
AnneDixon, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine
Burlington,VT,USA
LynnM.Schnapp, University of Wisconsin- Madison
Madison,WI,USA
Respiratory Medicine offers clinical and research-oriented resources for
pulmonologists and other practitioners and researchers interested in respiratory
care. Spanning a broad range of clinical and research issues in respiratory medicine,
the series covers such topics as COPD, asthma and allergy, pulmonary problems in
pregnancy, molecular basis of lung disease, sleep disordered breathing, and others.
The series editors are Sharon Rounds, MD, Professor of Medicine and of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the Alpert Medical School at Brown
University, Anne Dixon, MD, Professor of Medicine and Director of the Division of
Pulmonary and Critical Care at Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine at the
University of Vermont, and Lynn M.Schnapp, MD, George R. And Elaine Love
Professor and Chair of Medicine at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of
Medicine and Public Health.
More information about this series at https://link.springer.com/bookseries/7665
M. Safwan Badr • Jennifer L. Martin
Editors
Essentials of Sleep Medicine
A Practical Approach toPatients withSleep
Complaints
Second Edition
Editors
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M. Safwan Badr
Department of Internal Medicine
Wayne State University School of Medicine
John D. Dingell VA Medical Center
Detroit, MI, USA
Jennifer L. Martin
Geriatric Research Education and Clinical
Center, Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles
Healthcare System
Department of Medicine
David Geffen School of Medicine
University of California,
Los Angeles
, CA, USA
Los Angeles
ISSN 2197-7372 ISSN 2197-7380 (electronic)
Respiratory Medicine
ISBN 978-3-030-93738-6 ISBN 978-3-030-93739-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93739-3
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microlms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specic statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any
errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institutional afliations.
This Humana imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Foreword
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In the last few decades, we have learned more and more about how important sleep
is for our physical health, our mental health, and our general well-being. And yet,
sleep problems continue to become more prevalent. The was a time when patients
with problems sleeping would neglect to mention it to their health care professional.
But those times are changing. As more and more research is done, as more and more
articles are written about the importance of sleep, the general public has become
more and more aware and better educated. And now they are not hesitating to talk
about this major issue.
Which means that more general healthcare professionals and specialists, such as
physicians, psychologists, nurse practitioners, and nurses, will be faced with dealing and treating these sleep problems. And that is where this book comes in.
But it is not just those rst entering the eld who will benet from this book. As
someone with over 40 years’ experience in sleep medicine, I can attest to the fact
that even those of us with loads of experience have new things to learn, and this
book can help us all do just that.
The editors, Drs. Jennifer Martin and Safwan Badr, are internationally recognized and highly respected sleep medicine specialists, each with a long list of credentials. In Introduction to Sleep Medicine, they have assembled other experts in the
eld to cover everything from normal sleep, health disparity, and models of caring
to descriptions of and treatment of specic sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep
apnea, insomnia, and circadian rhythm disorders, to name just a few. There are also
chapters on special populations such as hospitalized patients, pregnant women, and
older patients. And each chapter represents the very latest in research and clinical
ndings. In other words, everything a professional dealing with sleep problems
needs to know.
No one book can be everything to everyone. But this book is an excellent addition to any private or public library collection, whether it be one lled with other
books on sleep or a new collection of sleep books that is just beginning. Having a
resource book such as this one can only help healthcare professionals better understand their patients.
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Foreword
Introduction to Sleep Medicine, in summary, is an extremely masterful and
scholarly book that can be used by all professionals wanting to help their patients
with sleep problems. I commend Drs. Martin and Badr on this comprehensive introduction to sleep medicine.
November 8, 2021
SoniaAncoli-Israel
University of California
San Diego, CA, USA
Preface
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Sleep has fascinated poets, lovers, and philosophers since time immemorial. It was
a metaphor for rest, rejuvenation, and restoration. Physicians viewed sleep and
thought of sleep as a “safe harbor” keeping illness away, and as a cuddly “teddy
bear” giving warmth and serenity. Few physicians appreciated sleep complexity
beyond the elemental aspects: patients need rest and sleep. Disorders of sleep were
the subject of interesting discussions at teaching conferences, but the only condition
worthy of discussion was lack of sleep, and it was often due to tension, anxiety,
or stress.
The image of sleep as a quiescent period changed dramatically when scientists
began to uncover the mysteries of sleep: the good, the bad, and the ugly! The discovery of REM sleep altered the popular image of sleep as a somewhat meaningless
state of rest and revealed a fascinating constellation of active processes throughout
the body and brain. However, it was the discovery of sleep apnea that propelled
sleep into mainstream medicine. This is a condition where sleep is anything but rest.
We learned that sleep can be seen as a “grizzly bear” as we discovered that sleep
apnea (broadly referred to as sleep disordered breathing) can have signicant
adverse consequences and may contribute to mortality and to trafc fatalities.
The initial phase of sleep medicine was marked by different specialties providing
care for conditions deemed within their domain. Neurologists, psychiatrists, and
pulmonologists focused on different disorders and different approaches to diagnosis
and treatment. Fortunately, we soon discovered that sleep is an interdisciplinary
eld, transcending traditional, system-based specialties, and that other health care
providers and public health experts are needed to address the modern epidemic of
sleep disorders.
Patients present with complaints and not diagnoses, and any one sleep disorder
accounts for only a small proportion of patients with sleep-related complaints. We
learned that snoring may represent a serious condition, that daytime sleepiness is
not always a sign of narcolepsy, and that insomnia is not typically accounted for by
co-occurring anxiety or depression. Therefore, healthcare providers who care for
any sleep disorder must learn about all sleep disorders.
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Preface
The focus of this book is practical; relevant facts help busy practicing clinicians
provide better care for sleep disorders as part of a comprehensive approach to
patient care. It is intended to equally address the needs of all clinicians who care for
patients with sleep disorders. Residents and fellows may nd the focused description and practical approach benecial. This revised edition includes new chapters to
address a broad range of considerations in delivering high quality care across the
spectrum of sleep disorders.
This book represents the collective effort of a team of professionals. Each chapter was written by experts in the eld, blending seasoned experts with emerging
leaders.
Editing a book is a challenging process as one tries to keep a group of busy academicians, many of whom crafted their chapter during the COVID-19 pandemic, on
schedule. We are grateful to Margaret Moore and Swathiga Karthikeyan of Springer
for their support, guidance, and superb organizational skills. We would like to thank
Springer Science and Business Media for supporting this project.
Detroit, MI, USA M.SafwanBadr
North Hills, CA, USA JenniferL.Martin
Contents
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Part I Introduction to Sleep Medicine
1 Normal Sleep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
James A. Rowley and M. Safwan Badr
2 Pharmacology of Sleep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Janet H. Dailey and Susmita Chowdhuri
3 Sleep Health among Racial/Ethnic groups and Strategies
to achieve Sleep Health Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Azizi A. Seixas, Anthony Q. Briggs, Judite Blanc, Jesse Moore,
Alicia Chung, Ellita Williams, April Rogers, Arlener Turner,
and Girardin Jean-Louis
4 The Future of Sleep Medicine: A Patient-Centered
Model of Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Barry G. Fields and Ilene M. Rosen
Part II Sleep Disordered Breathing
5 Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Clinical Epidemiology
and Presenting Manifestations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Eric Yeh, Nishant Chaudhary, and Kingman P. Strohl
6 Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Diagnosis with Polysomnography
and Portable Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Janna Raphelson, Erica Feldman, and Atul Malhotra
7 A Brief Review of Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea . . . . . . . . . 129
Scott Hoff and Nancy Collop
8 Central Sleep Apnea: Pathophysiology and Clinical
Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
M. Safwan Badr and Geoffrey Ginter
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