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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_4612_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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AUDIOLOGY
REVIEW
Preparing for the Praxis
and Comprehensive Examinations
Jeremy J. Donai
Katharine Fitzharris
Companion Website
AUDIOLOGY REVIEW
Preparing for the Praxis
and Comprehensive Examinations
Editor-in-Chief for Audiology
Brad A. Stach, PhD
AUDIOLOGY REVIEW
Preparing for the Praxis
and Comprehensive Examinations
Jeremy J. Donai, AuD, PhD
Katharine Fitzharris, AuD, MS, PhD, CCC-A
9177 Aero Drive, Suite B
https://t.me/medicina_free
San Diego, CA 92123
email: information@pluralpublishing.com
website: https://www.pluralpublishing.com
Copyright © 2024 by Plural Publishing, Inc.
Typeset in 12/14 Adobe Garamond by Flanagan’s Publishing Services, Inc.
Printed in the United States of America by Integrated Books International
All rights, including that of translation, reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
recording, or otherwise, including photocopying, recording, taping, web distribution, or information
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For permission to use material from this text, contact us by
Telephone: (866) 758-7251
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email: permissions@pluralpublishing.com
Every attempt has been made to contact the copyright holders for material originally printed in
another source. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will gladly make the necessary
arrangements at the first opportunity.
Audiology review: preparing for the praxis and comprehensive examinations
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Control Number: 2023042392
ISBN-13: 978-1-63550-552-8
ISBN-10: 1-63550-552-6
Audiology Review: Preparing for the Praxis and Comprehensive Examinations
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v
Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Reviewers
xvii
Section I. Test-Taking Strategies and What to Expect
Chapter 1. Test-Taking Strategies 3
Kay T. Payne
Introduction 3
Understanding the Question 4
Selecting the Answer 8
Taking the Praxis 13
Practice Questions 16
Answers 18
Acknowledgment 19
xiii
xv
Section II. Foundational Knowledge
Chapter 2. Anatomy, Physiology, and Relevant Pathologies 23
Jackie L. Clark and Katharine Fitzharris
Auditory System 23
Anatomical Terms of Orientation 23
Typical Anatomy of the Auditory Mechanism 24
Central Auditory Nervous System:
Vestibular System
Peripheral Vestibular System 42
Disorders of the Vestibular System 52
Genetics
Major Embryological Developments 53
Postnatal Development 58
Lifetime Changes of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems 60
Recommended Readings 61
References 61
Practice Questions 63
Appendix Key 66
Appendix 2–A. Outer Ear Disorders 67
Appendix 2–B. Middle Ear Disorders 70
52
42
Auditory Nerve to Cortex 37
v
Audiology Review: Preparing for the Praxis and Comprehensive Examinations
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vi
Appendix 2–C. Inner Ear Disorders 73
Appendix 2–D.
Retrocochlear Disorders (Auditory Nerve and Central Auditory 77
Nervous System)
Appendix 2–E. Vestibular Pathologies 79
Appendix 2–F.
Genetic Disorders and Syndromes 83
Chapter 3.
Acoustics, Psychoacoustics, and Instrumentation 87
Jenna Cramer, Katharine Fitzharris, and Jeremy J. Donai
Principles of Sound 87
Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
Signal Detection Theory (SDT)
90
94
d-prime (dʹ ) and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves
Psychophysical Methods
Validity and Reliability
Sensitivity and Specificity
99
100
102
Psychoacoustics 103
Auditory Recruitment and Outer Hair Cell (OHC) Function 115
Perception of Pitch and Timbre 115
Theories of Pitch Perception
116
Cochlear Dead Regions and Perceptual Considerations 118
Instrumentation in Audiology 119
Immittance Equipment 125
Hearing Aid Verification Equipment 126
Recommended Readings 129
References 130
Practice Questions 131
98
Chapter 4. Communication Across the Lifespan: Typical vs. Disordered 135
Angela Van Sickle and Brittany Hall
Typical Language Development 135
Morphological Development 139
Language and Speech Disorders in Children 143
Language and Speech Disorders Throughout the Lifespan
145
Auditory Hierarchy 148
Ling 6 Sounds 150
Effects of Hearing Loss in Children 151
Formal Ways to Assess Communication in Children With Hearing Loss
157
Effects of Hearing Loss in Adults 158
Communication Assessment for an Adult With Hearing Loss 159
Conclusions 160
Recommended Readings 161
References 161
Practice Questions 164
Appendix 4–A. Overview of Language Development Across a Lifespan 168
Contents
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vii
Section III. Assessment and Differential Diagnosis
Chapter 5. Adult Assessment and Differential Diagnosis 173
Karah Gottschalk and Trey Cline
Introduction 173
Audiology Case History
Otoscopy
173
Adult Behavioral Techniques
Physiological Techniques
Testing for Specific Pathologies
Special Populations
Differential Diagnoses
Conclusions
230
Recommended Readings
References 231
Practice Questions 235
Appendix 5–A. Objective Assessment, Clinical Utility, and Anatomical Sites 239
of Testing
Appendix 5–B.
Differential Diagnosis 241
173
174
191
214
227
230
231
Chapter 6. Pediatric Assessment and Differential Diagnosis 247
Tori J. S. Gustafson and Candace Bourland Hicks
Case History Considerations 247
Functional Questionnaires 251
Testing Considerations 252
Physiological Evaluation 262
Etiology of Pediatric Hearing Loss 275
(Central) Auditory Processing Disorder ((C)APD) 280
Educational Audiology 290
Theory of Mind 300
Recommended Readings 302
References 303
Practice Questions
307
Appendix 6–A. Abnormal Auditory Electrophysiological Findings 311
Chapter 7. Vestibular Assessment and Differential Diagnosis 313
Jamie M. Bogle
Introduction 313
Vestibular System Anatomy and Physiology
313
Vestibular Reflexes 316
Vestibular Nystagmus 317
Vestibular Case History and Questionnaires 318
Bedside Evaluation 320
Electronystagmography/Videonystagmography (ENG/VNG) 320
Audiology Review: Preparing for the Praxis and Comprehensive Examinations
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viii
Rotational Chair Assessment 332
Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT)
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs)
Electrocochleography (ECochG)
Functional Assessment
340
Vestibular System Pathologies
Vestibular Rehabilitation
Recommended Readings
References
367
Practice Questions
363
367
371
334
336
340
342
Section IV. Prevention, Identification, and Treatment
Chapter 8. Screening and Hearing Conservation 377
Leigh Ann Reel
Introduction 377
Screening Measures for Auditory and Balance Disorders
Hearing Conservation 381
Overview of NIHL 382
Industrial Audiology 384
Noise Measurement and Exposure Analysis 386
Noise Control 391
Audiometric Monitoring 398
Hearing Conservation Education and Training 404
Recommended Readings 404
References 404
Practice Questions 409
Appendix 8–A. Comparison of the OSHA Noise Standard and the NIOSH 413
Noise Recommendations
377
Chapter 9. Treatment: Topics in Amplification 417
Emily Jo Venskytis and Melanie Lutz
Introduction to Hearing Aids 417
Special Populations 442
Introduction to Cochlear Implants
Bone-Conduction Devices 463
Auditory Brainstem Implants 470
Middle Ear Implants 472
Recommended Readings 474
References 474
Practice Questions 478
Appendix 9–A. Hearing Aid Styles/Types 482
Appendix 9–B. Cochlear Implant Programming Parameters 483
444
Contents
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ix
Chapter 10. Treatment: Topics in Aural Rehabilitation 487
Laura N. Galloway
Introduction 487
Defining AR
AR Components
Pediatric AR
Cultural Responsiveness, Competence, and Humility
Interprofessional Approach to AR
Summary
Recommended Readings
References
Practice Questions
488
488
505
514
515
516
516
517
520
Chapter 11.
Counseling and Audiological Documentation 525
Alex Meibos
Importance of Audiological Counseling and Documentation 525
Audiological Counseling 525
Basic Theories of Counseling 526
Audiological Counseling Approaches 526
Addressing the Functional and Social Impacts of Auditory and Vestibular Disorders 534
Cultural and Linguistic Diversity (CLD) 540
Audiological Documentation 543
Recommended Readings 547
References 547
Practice Questions 549
Section V. Research and Professional Topics
Chapter 12. Research Applications and Evidence-Based Practice 555
Katharine Fitzharris, Jenna Cramer, and Jeremy J. Donai
Research Principles 555
Variable Levels 555
Variable Types 556
Study Design 557
Hypothesis Testing 559
Statistical Analyses 559
Types of Statistics
Probability Testing 566
Measures of Effect Size 566
Statistical Significance Versus Clinical Significance (Effect Sizes) 567
Sensitivity and Specificity 567
Ceiling and Floor Effects 568
Norm- Versus Criterion-Referenced Tests 568
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 569
559
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