Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5397_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана

curative and therapeutic substances. This knowledge has been handed down by gen­erations of herbalists, ethnomedicine practitioners, healers and indigenous health ecosystems verbally or with practical demonstrations or occasionally documented. Traditional medicine, using plants, plant parts or by-products derived through some form of processing of plants, has evolved across civilisations and cultures to become an integral part of the human lifestyle. In recent years, the urgent need for stan­dardising herbal medicine through scientic research and the development of mod­ern phytopharmaceuticals have been recognised. Regulatory frameworks have been dened, and compliance is not only necessary but also mandatory. “Phytopharmaceutical drug” includes puried and standard fractions with a dened minimum of four quali­tatively and quantitatively assessed bioactive or phytochemical compounds for inter­nal or external use of human beings or animals for diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or prevention of any disease or disorder but excludes parenteral. While traditional approximations and ratios were historically used for plant-based medicines, modern science and regulatory practices aim to provide a more rigorous and evidence-based approach to ensure the consistency, reproducibility, safety and efcacy of these rem­edies. This chapter, through specic case studies, attempts to highlight the role of plant sciences and plant biotechnology in the accurate identication of plant species, recognising the potential therapeutic benet, isolation of bioactives, validation of pro­cesses and intermediates, best practices to standardise the safety, drug delivery mecha­nisms, dosage forms and efcacy assessment.