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Файл:Физика полупроводников и нанотехнологий. Учебно-методическое пособие
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/##(3(/(3""# 2$"*7(/+. .!& ;(#$ (#- IC /(#-, 6!#(-8<&0
$: 2 &/(#-#$ & /(#-#$ , (-: 2$"*7(/+. .!& #6! )""#0
3)&5&" "6!+:"&+ U, "'43$#1# "6!+:"&$ #(/5-&, -")
6#)"#/(*8 6!-!43(/+, & (#- IC /("#3&(/+ !3"4$ "2)8.
#)*7&"/(3# 6#)34, (!"'&/(#!#3 +3)+8(/+ /&$$(!&5"4$&, (..
&, /3#0/(3 " &'$"+8(/+, /)& ;)-(!# 4 & 6#$"+(* $/($&.
(!"'&/(#!, / 26!3)+8<&$ 6!,# #$ '(3#! #( )" #( -") n-р
&)& р-n 6!,# #$. .!& 6!3&)*"#0 6#)+!"#/(& "6!+:"&+ U &# , #9!'2$40 6!,# #$ '(3#!--"), '6&!(/+ & &'#)&!2( '(3#!
#( -"); 6!& 6!#(&3#6#)#:"#0 6#)+!"#/(& #" #(6&!(/+. )*"4 (#-& '(3#!#3 6#)34, (!"'&/(#!#3 / 26!3)+8<&$ 6!,# #$
):( 3 6! ), 1 6…1 ", 3,# "4 /#6!#(&3)"&+ /#/(3)+8(
1010 … 1013 $.
")#1&5"# )"&8 9&6#)+!"4, (!"'&/(#!#3 " р-n-р & n-р-n
(!"'&/(#!4, 6#)34 (!"'&/(#!4 )+(/+ " р--")*"4 & n-
-")*"4. n--")*"4, 6#)34, (!"'&/(#!#3 (#- -") /("#3&(/+ ($ $"*7, 5$ /&)*" 6 ( 6#("%&) '(3#!.
6#)34, (!"'&/(#!#3 р--")*"4, "9)8 (/+ #9!("# +3)"&.
Характеристики полевых транзисторов
!&/. 9.2 6! /(3)" (&6&5"+ 3,# "+ ,!-(!&/(&- n-
-")*"#1# 6#)3#1# (!"'&/(#! / 26!3)+8<&$ р-n 6!,# #$ 3
#9)/(& $)4, /&1")#3. 6!+:"& " '(3#!, 6!& -#(#!#$ (#/(#- IC 6!&"&$( $&"&$)*"# '"5"&, "'43(/+ пороговым
напряжением U0.
.!& 3)&5&", "6!+:"&0 U, 9#)*7&, U0 (U0 < U < 0), 6! (#5"+ ,!-(!&/(&- (!"'&/(#!, 6! /(3)""+ " !&/. 9.2, #6&/43(/+ 2!3""&$
U
U
41
З
, (9.1)
0
1 I
I I
= −
C S
– (#- /(#- ((#- "/4<"&+) 6!& U = 0.
S
1
-
2,0
6
4
0 2 4 6 8
-
3
-
2
-
1 0
UЗ
,
I
S
IC , $
10
8
6
4
Рис. 9.2. .! (#5"+ ,!-(!&/(&- n--")*"#1#
6#)3#1# (!"'&/(#! / 26!3)+8<&$ р-n 6!,# #$
6!-(&- ;( 3)&5&" (#- )+ 6#)3#1# (!"'&/(#! /
26!3)+8<&$ р-n 6!,# #$ +3)+(/+ 6! )*"#0, (- -- 6#)#:&()*"4, "6!+:"&0 '(3#!-&/(#- /(!8(/+ &'91(*, 5(#94 "
6#(!+(* 6!&$2</(3, #9/65&3$4, $)4$ (#-#$ '(3#!.
' 34!:"&+ (9.1) /) 2(, 5(# (#- /(#- 6!& U = U0 #):"
!3"+(*/+ "2)8. -(&5/-& ;(# !3"/(3# 346#)"+(/+ )&7* 6!&-
9)&:""#. !#$ 6! (#5"#0 ,!-(!&/(&-& '"5"& &$8(
выходные, &)& /(#-#34 ,!-(!&/(&-& 6#)34, (!"'&/(#!#3.
&6&5"+ 34,# "+ ,!-(!&/(&- n--")*"#1# 6#)3#1# (!"'&/(#! / 26!3)+8<&$ p-n 6!,# #$ &'#9!:" " !&/. 9.3.
IС ,
$A
10
8
2
UЗ = 0 B
-0,5
-1,0
-1,5
Рис. 9.3. $0/(3# 34,# "4, (/(#-#34,) ,!-(!&/(&- n--")*"#1#
6#)3#1# (!"'&/(#! / 26!3)+8<&$ p-n 6!,# #$
42
#:"# '$(&(*, 5(# -5/(3""# ;(& ,!-(!&/(&-& 6# #9"4
U const
З C S
S U U I I
= − = ⋅
S C
I I
=
0
2
S
I
,!-(!&/(&-$ 9&6#)+!"#1# (!"'&/(#!. .!& ;(#$ /(#- /##(3(/(32( -#))-(#!2, &/(#- – ;$&((!2, '(3#! – 9' 9&6#)+!"#1#
(!"'&/(#!. !-(!&/(&-& 6#)3#1# (!"'&/(#! #()&58(/+ #(
/##(3(/(328<&, ,!-(!&/(&- n-р-n (!"'&/(#! !9#5&$ &6'#"#$ "6!+:"&+ '(3#!-&/(#-.
.# 6! (#5"#0 ,!-(!&/(&- (!"'&/(#! $#:( 94(* #6! )" (-#0 1# 6!$(!, -- -!2(&'"
дI
=
дU
C
.
З
=
C
S
&!"%&!#3"&$ 34!:"&+ (9.1) $#:"# #6! )&(* -!2(&'"2 --
2
I
S
( )
2
U U
0 0
0
2
(9.2)
/#940 &"(!/ 6! /(3)+( '"5"& -!2(&'"4 6!&
#9#'"5$# 5!' SS. )+ 6#)34, (!"'&/(#!#3 / 26!3)+8<&$ р-n
6!,# #$ ;(# '"5"& -!2(&'"4 +3)+(/+ $-/&$)*"4$.
' 34!:"&+ (9.2) ",# &$
SU=
S
. (9.3)
6!* 6# )1-# #6! )+$4$ #64("4$ 62($ 6!$(!$ SS &
IS $#:"# 6!#/(# #6! )&(* "6!+:"& #(/5-&. &6#34 '"5"&+
6!$(!#3 $)#$#<"#1# 6#)3#1# (!"'&/(#! /#/(3)+8(
IS = 1…50 $, |U0|=0,5…5 , SS = 2…20 $/.
Снятие входной характеристики n-канального транзистора с p-n
переходом
,
)+ /"+(&+ 3,# "#0 ,!-(!&/(&-& (!"'&/(#! /#9&!(/+ /,-
$ (!&/. 9.4).
)+ /"+(&+ ,!-(!&/(&-& " '(3#! (!"'&/(#! Q1 #( 1"!(#!
XFG1 6# (/+ "6!+:"& (!21#)*"#0 #!$4 $6)&(2 #0 2 , /$<""# " -2 (3"&'). /(!#0-& 1"!(#! &'#9!:"4 " !&/. 9.5.
43
XSC2
Ext Trig
+
B
A
_
+
+
_
_
XFG1
0
2
100kΩ
V2
10 V
0
R2
9
R1
10Ω
7
Q1
1
2N3458
0
Рис. 9.4. ,$ )+ /"+(&+ 3,# "#0 ,!-(!&/(&-&
n--")*"#1# (!"'&/(#!
Рис. 9.5. /(!#0-& 1"!(#! XFG1
@(# : "6!+:"& 6#/(26( " 3,# #/%&))#/-#6 XSC2, "
1# 3,# 6#/(26( "6!+:"&, 6!#6#!%&#")*"# (#-2 /(#-
(!"'&/(#! Q1. .!& 3-)85"&& !:&$ / #/%&))#/-#6 " 1#
;-!" #(#9!:(/+ 3,# "+ ,!-(!&/(&- (!"'&/(#! (!&/. 9.6).
44
)+ 2 #9/(3 !//$#(!"&+ /&1") " -") /$<" 3"&' " 3
1
)"&+ (" 40 $).
Рис. 9.6. !-(!&/(&- (!"'&/(#! Q1 " ;-!" #/%&))#/-#6 XSC2
@(2 : ,!-(!&/(&-2 /) 2( &'#9!'&(* #( )*"#, / 1! 2&!#3""4$& #/+$& U & I (!&/. 9.7). #- I #6! )+(/+ 6# #!$2)
U
IR=
C
B
, UB – "6!+:"& " 3,# -") #/%&))#/-#6 XSC2.
IC $
8
6
4
2
0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 U
Рис. 9.7. ! 2&!#3""+ ,!-(!&/(&- (!"'&/(#! Q1
45
- 3& "# &' !//$#(!"&+ ;(#0 ,!-(!&/(&-&, "6!+:"& U0
З
U
∆
∆
#(/5-& (!"'&/(#! !3"# (-3 ), -!2(&'" ,!-(!&/(&-&
I
S
C
=
6!&$!"# 3 $/, $/7(9"40 (#- (6!& U = 0) IS = 7 $.
Задание 9.1
1. #9!(* /,$2 )+ /"+(&+ 3,# "#0 ,!-(!&/(&-& n-
-")*"#1# (!"'&/(#!. !&"(4 (!"'&/(#!#3: 2N3684, 2N3458,
2N3822, 2N3823, 2N3824, 2N3921 (A, B).
2. "+(* ,!-(!&/(&-2 (!"'&/(#! ")#1&5"# (#0, -#(#!+
&'#9!:" " !&/. 9.6.
3. '#9!'&(* ,!-(!&/(&-2 (!"'&/(#! / 1! 2&!#3""4$&
#/+$& ")#1&5"# !&/. 9.7.
4. 6! )&(* "6!+:"& #(/5-& U0 (!"'&/(#!, -!2(&'"2 ,-
!-(!&/(&-& S, $/7(9"40 (#- IS.
Снятие входной характеристики р-канального транзистора
с p-n переходом
)+ /"+(&+ 3,# "#0 ,!-(!&/(&-& (!"'&/(#! /#9&!(/+ /,$ (!&/. 9.8).
XSC2
Ext Trig
+
_
XFG1
B
A
_+_
+
V2
10 V
0
0
9
R1
10Ω
7
Q1
R2
100kΩ
1
2N2608
0
2
Рис. 9.8. ,$ )+ /"+(&+ 3,# "#0 ,!-(!&/(&-&
р--")*"#1# (!"'&/(#!
46
/(!#0-& 1"!(#! XFG1 &'#9!:"4 " !&/. 9.9.
Рис. 9.9. /(!#0-& 1"!(#! XFG1
.!& 3-)85"&& !:&$ / #/%&))#/-#6 " 1# ;-!" #(#9!:(/+ 3,# "+ ,!-(!&/(&- (!"'&/(#! (!&/. 9.10).
Рис. 9.10. !-(!&/(&- (!"'&/(#! Q1 " ;-!" #/%&))#/-#6
47
- 3& "# &' !//$#(!"&+ ;(#0 ,!-(!&/(&-&, "6!+:"& U0
З
U
∆
∆
1
#(/5-& (!"'&/(#! !3"# +2,4 , -!2(&'" ,!-(!&/(&-&
I
S
C
=
– 6!&$!"# 2 $/, $/7(9"40 (#- (6!& U = 0)
IS = 3 $.
@( : ,!-(!&/(&- / 1! 2&!#3""4$& #/+$& U & I &'#9!-
U
:" " !&/. 9.11. #- I #6! )+(/+ 6# #!$2)
IR=
C
B
, UB –
"6!+:"& " 3,# -") #/%&))#/-#6 XSC2.
IC $
3
2
1
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 U
Рис. 9.11. ! 2&!#3""+ ,!-(!&/(&- (!"'&/(#! Q1
Задание 9.2
1. #9!(* /,$2 )+ /"+(&+ 3,# "#0 ,!-(!&/(&-& р–
-")*"#1# (!"'&/(#!. !&"(4 (!"'&/(#!#3: 2N2608, 2N2609,
2N4381, 2N5115, 2N5021.
2. "+(* ,!-(!&/(&-2 (!"'&/(#! ")#1&5"# (#0, 5(# &'#9-
!:" " !&/. 9.10.
3. '#9!'&(* ,!-(!&/(&-2 (!"'&/(#! / 1! 2&!#3""4$&
#/+$& ")#1&5"# !&/. 9.11.
4. 6! )&(* "6!+:"& #(/5-& U0 (!"'&/(#!, -!2(&'"2 ,-
!-(!&/(&-& S, $/7(9"40 (#- IS.
Снятие выходных характеристик n-канального транзистора
с p-n переходом
)+ /"+(&+ 34,# "4, ,!-(!&/(&- (!"'&/(#! /#9&!(/+
/,$ (!&/. 9.12).
48
8
2
1CLR
1
74LS393D
XFG2
0
1INA
U3A
1QA
1QB
1QC
1QD
V1
2 V
3
4
5
6
1
0
4
5
D0D1D2D3D4D5D6
Vref+
Vref-
VDAC8
A1
Output
XSC1
Ext Trig
B
A
_+_
D7
+
A
+
XSC2
B
_+_
Ext Trig
+
_
+
_
XFG1
2
0
9
R1
100Ω
7
R2
100kΩ
Q2
6
2N3458
0
Рис. 9.12. ,$ )+ /"+(&+ 34,# "4, ,!-(!&/(&-
n--")*"#1# (!"'&/(#!.
/"#32 /,$4 /#/(3)+( 1"!(#! /(26"5(#1# "6!+:"&+,
/#9!""40 " %&!#-")#1#3#$ 6!#9!'#3() (.) 1, " 3
/(!7&, !'!+ -#(#!#1# 6# (/+ 32,!'!+ "40 -# / 3#&5"#1#
/5(5&- U3A. /5("40 3,# /5(5&- 6# 8(/+ /5("4 &$62)*/4, #!$&!2$4 1"!(#!#$ XFG2 5/(#(#0 50 %. (26"5(#
"6!+:"& !1&/(!&!2(/+ #/%&))#/-#6#$ XSC1.
. $#:"# "0(& 3 9&9)&#(- 6# 62(&:
Place ixedAADC_DACA VDAC,
/5(5&- – 6# 62(& TTLA74LSA74LS393D (,).
. 1 6# (/+ (-: #6#!"# "6!+:"& 2 #( &/(#5"&-
- V1. //) 2$40 (!"'&/(#! Q1 3-)85" 6# /,$ / #9<&$ &/(#-
-#$. 1# %6* /(#- 6# (/+ 6#)#:&()*"# "6!+:"& (!21#)*"#0 #!$4 / !'$,#$ 5 , #!$&!2$# 1"!(#!#$ XFG1.
/(!#0-& 1"!(#!#3 XFG2 & XFG1 &'#9!:"4 " !&/. 9.13.
49
Рис. 9.13. /(!#0-& 1"!(#!#3 XFG2 (/)3) & XFG1 (/6!3)
3,# #/%&))#/-#6 XSC2 6# (/+ "6!+:"& /(#- (!"'&/(#! Q2, " 3,# – 6 "& "6!+:"&+ " !'&/(#! R1, 6!#6#!%&#")*"# (#-2 /(#- (!"'&/(#!. /%&))#/-#6 XSC2 3-)85"
3 !:&$ /.
&1!$$ /(26"5(#1# "6!+:"&+ " #/%&))#/-#6 XSC1
6! /(3)" " !&/. 9.14, 34,# "4 ,!-(!&/(&-& (!"'&/(#! ("
#/%&))#/-#6 XSC2) 6! /(3)"4 " !&/. 9.15. )+ 2 #9/(3 ,!-(!&/(&-& /$<"4 " ;-!" 3)3# " 2 & 3"&' " 400 $.
Рис. 9.14. &1!$$ /(26"5(#1# "6!+:"&+, 6# 3$#1#
" '(3#! &//) 2$#1# (!"'&/(#!
- 3& "# &' !//$#(!"&+ !&/. 9.14, $-/&$)*"+ 3)&5&"
/(26"5(#1# "6!+:"&+ !3" 2 .
50
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