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Файл:Электрооборудование погружных электротехнологических установок. Учебное пособие
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Ƿ. Ǵ. Ǽȇȓȏșȕȉ, ǩ. ǧ. DZȕȖȢȗȏȔ
ȄDzǬDZǹǷǵǵǨǵǷǺǫǵǩǧǴǯǬ
ǶǵǪǷǺǭǴȂǼ
ȄDzǬDZǹǷǵǹǬǼǴǵDzǵǪǯǾǬǸDZǯǼ
ǺǸǹǧǴǵǩǵDZ
ǺȞȌȈȔȕȌ ȖȕȘȕȈȏȌ
dzȕȘȑȉȇ ǩȕȒȕȊȋȇ
«ǯȔțȗȇ-ǯȔȍȌȔȌȗȏȦ»
2024
ɍȾɄ 621.314
ȻȻɄ 31.26
ɏ18
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ:
ɞ-ɪ ɬɟɯɧ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɤɢɛɟɪɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɞɨɛɵɱɢ Ɍɸɦɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ȼ. Ƚ. Ʌɨɝɚɱɟɜ;
ɞ-ɪ ɬɟɯɧ. ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ʉ. ȼ. ɏɚɰɟɜɫɤɢɣ
ɏɚɦɢɬɨɜ, Ɋ. ɇ.
ɏ18 ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ :
ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / Ɋ. ɇ. ɏɚɦɢɬɨɜ, ȼ. Ⱥ. Ʉɨɩɵɪɢɧ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ; ȼɨɥɨɝɞɚ : ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ, 2024. – 128 ɫ. : ɢɥ., ɬɚɛɥ.
ISBN 978-5-9729-1591-0
ɂɡɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨɛ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧ
ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ, ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ 13.03.02 ɢ 13.04.02
«ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ».
ɍȾɄ 621.314
ȻȻɄ
31.26
ISBN 978-5-9729-1591-0 ɏɚɦɢɬɨɜ Ɋ. ɇ., Ʉɨɩɵɪɢɧ ȼ. Ⱥ., 2024
ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ «ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ», 2024
Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ. ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ «ɂɧɮɪɚ-ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɢɹ», 2024
ɈȽɅȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ .................................................................................................................. 4
1. ɇȺɁȿɆɇɈȿ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɈȻɈɊɍȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ ......................................................... 5
1.1. ɉɢɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ .......................................................................... 6
1.2. Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ......................................................................................... 44
1.3. ɋɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ................................................................................... 53
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ...................................................................................... 59
2. ɉɈȽɊɍɀɇɈȿ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɈȻɈɊɍȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ .................................................... 60
2.1. ɉɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ........................................... 60
2.2. ȼɧɭɬɪɢɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ .................... 107
2.3. Ɍɟɪɦɨɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ........................................................... 113
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ .................................................................................... 121
ɁȺɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿ ....................................................................................................... 123
ȻɂȻɅɂɈȽɊȺɎɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɋɉɂɋɈɄ .................................................................... 124
3
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ
ȼ ɧɟɮɬɟɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ
ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ, ɧɚ ɞɨɥɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ 80 % ɜɫɟɣ
ɞɨɛɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɢɡ 30 000 ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɉȺɈ «ɅɍɄɈɃɅ» ɫɜɵɲɟ 60 % ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɦɢ, ɚ ɢɡ 22 929 ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ȺɈ «ɋɭɪɝɭɬɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡ» – 75 %.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ
ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɈɈɈ «Ⱥɥɦɚɡ»,
ɈɈɈ «Ⱥɥɧɚɫ», ɈɈɈ «Ȼɨɪɟɰ», ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ «ɇɨɜɨɦɟɬ», ɈȺɈ «ȻɗɇɁ»,
Schlumberger ɢ Baker Hughes. ɇɚ ɢɯ ɞɨɥɸ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ 90 % ɪɵɧɤɚ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ.
Ɂɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 10 ɥɟɬ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɥɚɫɶ, ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ
ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɥɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɦ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ
ɧɟɮɬɢ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɈɈɈ «Ⱥɥɦɚɡ» (ɝ. Ɋɚɞɭɠɧɵɣ).
4
1. ɇȺɁȿɆɇɈȿ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɈȻɈɊɍȾɈȼȺɇɂȿ
ɉɨɞ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ (ɗɌɄ) ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ (ɍɗɐɇ) ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɤɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ, ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ, ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɟɺ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɫɨɫɭ [1]. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɨɞɧɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɗɌɄ ɍɗɐɇ ɫ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ (
ȼɄɊɆ) ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.1.
ɇɚɡɟɦɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɋɍ), ɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ, ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɥɢɧɢɸ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɚɪɚɛɚɧ. ɉɨɝɪɭɠɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ (ɉɗȾ)
ɫ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɦ ɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɡɚɳɢɬɨɣ, ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɫ ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ȼɄɊɆ, ɬɟɪɦɨɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ (ɌɆɋ) ɢ ɞɪ. [2, 3].
Ɋɢɫ. 1.1. Ɉɞɧɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɗɌɄ ɍɗɐɇ:
ɋɍ – ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ; ɉɗȾ – ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ;
ɄɅ – ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ; ɌɆɉɇ – ɬɟɪɦɨɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɚɹ;
ȼɄɊɆ – ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼ ɍɗɐɇ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɗɌɄ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɞɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ:
ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɭɫɬɶɹ, ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɣ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɨɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ, ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɟ
ɬɪɭɛɵ (ɇɄɌ). ȼ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɥɢɜɧɨɣ
ɤɥɚɩɚɧ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɢɜɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɢɡ ɇɄɌ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ-
5
ɤɢ. ɉɗȾ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɫ ɭɡɥɨɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɡɚɳɢɬɵ, ɚ ɬɨɬ – ɫ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɦ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɦ
ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɮɥɚɧɰɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɝɚɡɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ
ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɝɚɡɨɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ [4, 5].
1.1.
ɉɂɌȺɘɓɂɃ ɌɊȺɇɋɎɈɊɆȺɌɈɊ
Ɍɪɟɯɮɚɡɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɵ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɌɆɉɇ ɢ ɌɆɉɇȽ
(ɪɢɫ. 1.2–1.9) ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ-
ɝɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɍɗɐɇ.
ȼ ɗɌɄ ɍɗɐɇ ɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɬɪɟɯɮɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ 380 (480) ȼ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ 50 Ƚɰ
ɜ ɬɪɟɯɮɚɡɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɛɟɡ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ
ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ. Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɟ.
Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɵ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ȽɈɋɌ 11677-85
ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɫ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɦ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɦ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ȽɈɋɌ 15150–69: ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ ɧɚɞ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɦɨɪɹ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 1000 ɦ ɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ
ɨɬ +40 ɞɨ –45 °ɋ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɍ1 ɢ ɨɬ +40 ɞɨ –60 °ɋ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɍɏɅ1.
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ –
ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 80 % ɩɪɢ +25 °ɋ. Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɪɹɫɤɢ, ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɢ, ɭɞɚɪɨɜ,
ɜ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɌɆɉɇɏ
1-ɏ2/ɏ3
-ɏ1:
Ɍ – ɬɪɟɯɮɚɡɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ;
Ɇ – ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɟ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ;
ɉɇ – ɞɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ;
X
– ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɦɚɫɥɚ (Ƚ – ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɵɣ, ɜ ɝɨɮɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɛɚɤɟ;
1
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ – ɧɟɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɵɣ, ɫ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɟɥɟɦ);
X
– ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ (ɤȼȺ);
2
X
– ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ (ɤȼ);
3
X1 – ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ (ɍ, ɍɏɅ) ɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ
ȽɈɋɌ 15150-69.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɞɚɧɵ
ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 1.1–1.6.
6
Ɋɢɫ. 1.2. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɌɆɉɇ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ 63–250 ɤȼȺ:
1 – ɫɚɥɚɡɤɢ; 2 – ɡɚɠɢɦ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ; 3 – ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɚ; 4 – ɤɪɸɤ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ;
5 – ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ; 6 – ɦɚɫɥɨɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɟɥɶ; 7 – ɦɚɫɥɨɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ; 8 – ɤɨɠɭɯ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ; 9 – ɤɪɵɲɤɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɠɭɯɚ; 10 – ɜɜɨɞɵ; 11 – ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪ ɜ ɨɩɪɚɜɟ;
12 – ɪɚɞɢɚɬɨɪ; 13 – ɫɤɨɛɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ; 14 – ɛɚɤ; 15 – ɩɪɨɛɤɚ
ɫ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ, ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɥɢɜɭ ɦɚɫɥɚ;
16 – ɩɪɢɜɨɞɵ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ
7
ɫɥɢɜɧɚɹ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.1
ɦɚɫɥɚ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ
1
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ, ɦɦ Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ
%, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ. ɡ.,
ɉɨɬɟɪɢ, ȼɬ
ɯ. ɯ. ɤ. ɡ. L B H A A
240 128 5,5 1140 570 1370 500 480 153 500
8
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
(ɬɨɤ) ɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɣ
675(53,9)-643(56,6)-
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ȼ (Ⱥ)
611(59,5)-584(59,5)-
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ȼɇ, ȼ
423(59,5)-391(59,5)
1023(35,6)-982(37)-
549(59,5)-517(59,5)-
483(59,5)-455(59,5)-
941(38,7)-900(40,4)-
698(42,5)-657(42,5)
856(42,5)-824(42,5)-
781(42,5)-739(42,5)-
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ʉɨɥ-ɜɨ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɣ
ɨɛɦɨɬɨɤ
10 611
10 856
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɌɆɉɇ ɜ ɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɛɚɤɟ ɫ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤȼȺ
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ
995(36,6)-958(38)-
921(39,5)-884(39,5)-
1069(34)-1032(35,3)-
1143(31,8)-106(32,9)-
847(39,5)-810(39,5)-
20 921
/ɍ-0
ɧ
63 ɍ
773(39,5)-736(39,5)-
699(39,5)-662(39,5)-
477(39,5)-440(39,5)
625(39,5)-588(39,5)-
551(39,5)-514(39,5)-
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ
Ɍɢɩ
ɌɆɉɇ-
63/1-ɍɏɅ1
ɌɆɉɇ-
63/3-ɍɏɅ1
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥ. 1.1
ɦɚɫɥɚ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ
1
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ, ɦɦ Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ
%, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ. ɡ.,
ɉɨɬɟɪɢ, ȼɬ
ɯ. ɯ. ɤ. ɡ. L B H A A
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
(ɬɨɤ) ɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɣ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ȼ (Ⱥ)
736(78,4)-708(78,4)-
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ȼɇ, ȼ
502(78,4)-475(78,4)
681(78,4)-649(78,4)-
620(78,4)-592(78,4)-
562(78,4)-530(78,4)-
958(60,3)-920(62,8)-
882(65,5)-844(68,4)-
810(68,4)-782(68,4)-
671(68,4)-633(68,4)
747(68,4)-709(68,4)-
290 197 5,5 1200 800 1400 550 480 190 660
920(49,4)
1602(36)-1558(37,1)-
1045(49,4)-983(49,4)-
1170(49,4)-1108(49,4)-
1514(38,1)-1470(39,3)-
1426(40,5)-1382(41,8)-
1690(34,2)-1646(35,1)-
1338(43,2)-1294(44,6)-
634(46,2)
986(46,2)-942(46,2)-
898(46,2)-854(46,2)-
810(46,2)-766(46,2)-
1250(46,2)-1206(46,2)-
1162(46,2)-1118(46,2)-
1074(46,2)-1030(46,2)-
722(46,2)-678(46,2)-
9
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ʉɨɥ-ɜɨ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɣ
10 736
10 844
5 1170
25 1250
ɨɛɦɨɬɨɤ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤȼȺ
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ
/ɍ-0
ɧ
100 ɍ
Ɍɢɩ
100/3-
ɍɏɅ1
ɌɆɉɇ-
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥ. 1.1
ɦɚɫɥɚ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ
1
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ, ɦɦ Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ
%, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ. ɡ.,
ɉɨɬɟɪɢ, ȼɬ
ɯ. ɯ. ɤ. ɡ. L B H A A
440 2100 5,5 1250 825 1550 550 550 245 820
10
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
(ɬɨɤ) ɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɣ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ȼ (Ⱥ)
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ȼɇ, ȼ
1270(35,9)
1610(35,9)-1525(35,9)-
1440(35,9)-1355(35,9)-
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
5 1610
Ʉɨɥ-ɜɨ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɟɣ
ɨɛɦɨɬɨɤ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤȼȺ
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ
Ɍɢɩ
1750(29,2)
2210(26,0)-2095(27,6)-
1980(29,2)-1865(29,2)-
2500(28,9)-2440(29,6)-
2380(30,3)-2320(31,1)-
2260(31,9)-2200(32,8)-
5 1980
1900(38)-1840(39,2)-
2140(33,7)-2080(34,7)-
1780(40,5)-1720(42)-
2020(35,7)-1960(36,8)-
1660(43,5)-1600(45,1)-
1540(46,9)-1480(46,9)-
1420(46,9)-1360(46,9)-
1300(46,9)-1240(46,9)-
/ɍ-0 36 1540
ɧ
125 ɍ
125/3-
ɍɏɅ1
ɌɆɉɇ-
940(46,9)-880(46,9)-
1180(46,9)-1120(46,9)-
820(46,9)-760(46,9)-
1060(46,9)-1000(46,9)-
460(46,9)-400(46,9)
700(46,9)-640(46,9)-
580(46,9)-520(46,9)-
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