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Файл:Электрооборудование погружных электротехнологических установок. Учебное пособие
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Ɋɢɫ. 1.10. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɌɆɉɇ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ 100 ɢ 250 ɤȼȺ:
1 – ɩɪɨɛɤɚ ɫɥɢɜɧɚɹ; 2 – ɛɚɤ; 3 – ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɚ; 4 – ɤɪɸɤ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ;
5 – ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɨɫɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ; 6 – ɦɚɫɥɨɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɟɥɶ; 7 – ɦɚɫɥɨɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ; 8 – ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪ
ɜ ɨɩɪɚɜɟ; 9 – ɩɪɢɜɨɞɵ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ; 10 – ɡɚɠɢɦ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ;
11 – ɪɨɥɢɤ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɣ; 12 – ɜɜɨɞ ɇɇ; 13 – ɜɜɨɞ ȼɇ
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Ɋɢɫ. 1.11. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɌɆɉɇ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ 403 ɤȼȺ:
1 – ɪɨɥɢɤ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɣ; 2 – ɛɚɤ; 3 – ɜɜɨɞ ȼɇ; 4 – ɤɪɸɤ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɴɺɦɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ;
5 – ɩɚɬɪɭɛɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɥɢɜɤɢ ɦɚɫɥɚ; 6 – ɜɜɨɞ ɇɇ; 7 – ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ;
8 – ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɚ; 9 – ɫɤɨɛɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ; 10 – ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪ ɜ ɨɩɪɚɜɟ;
11 – ɦɚɫɥɨɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ; 12 – ɩɪɢɜɨɞɵ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ; 13 –
ɫ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ, ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɟɫɚɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɥɢɜɭ ɦɚɫɥɚ;
14 – ɡɚɠɢɦ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ; 15 – ɩɪɨɛɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɦɚɫɥɚ
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ɩɪɨɛɤɚ ɫɥɢɜɧɚɹ
Ɋɢɫ. 1.12. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɌɆɉɇ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1000 ɤȼȺ:
1 – ɡɚɠɢɦ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ; 2 – ɩɪɨɛɤɚ ɫɥɢɜɧɚɹ; 3 – ɛɚɤ; 4 – ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɢ; 5 – ɫɤɨɛɚ
ɞɥɹ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ; 6 – ɝɢɥɶɡɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪɚ; 7 – ɩɚɬɪɭɛɨɤ
ɞɥɹ ɡɚɥɢɜɤɢ ɦɚɫɥɚ; 8 – ɦɚɫɥɨɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ; 9 – ɫɟɪɶɝɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ;
10 – ɜɜɨɞɵ ȼɇ; 11 – ɜɜɨɞɵ ɇɇ; 12 – ɜɜɨɞɵ ɨɬɩɚɣɤɢ;
14 – ɩɪɢɜɨɞɵ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ; 15 – ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ;
16 – ɤɨɪɨɛɤɚ ɡɚɠɢɦɨɜ; 17 – ɦɚɧɨɜɚɤɭɭɦɦɟɬɪ
13 – ɪɨɥɢɤ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɣ;
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ.
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1.2. ɄȺȻȿɅɖɇȺə Ʌɂɇɂə
Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
ɨɬ ɩɢɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ ɤ ɉɗȾ.
Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ (ɩɥɨɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɥɢ ɤɪɭɝɥɨɝɨ) ɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ-ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɦɭɮɬɨɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɜɨɞɚ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ – ɨɬ 500 ɞɨ 2000 ɦ, ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ 3500 ɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɤ ɤɚɛɟɥɸ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɟ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ:
ɦɚɥɵɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ, ɯɨɪɨɲɢɟ ɞɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣ-
ɫɬɜɚ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɟ ɤɚɛɟɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ
ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɨɣ, ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɮɬɨɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ
ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɠɢɥ ɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɪɨɧɟɣ. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ
ɛɪɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɢɧɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɧɬɨɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɬɨɤɨɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɠɢɥ ɩɪɢ ɫɩɭɫɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɟ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɣ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ
ɧɟɮɬɢ. Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɦɚɪɤɢ
ɄɉȻɉ) ɢɥɢ ɤɪɭɝɥɨɣ (ɦɚɪɤɢ ɄɉȻɄ). ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɤɪɭɝɥɨɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɵ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɟ. Ʉɚɛɟɥɶ ɤɪɟɩɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɟ ɇɄɌ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ: ɧɚɞ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɭɮɬɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɞ ɧɟɣ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɛɟɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɨɜɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɟɣ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɤɚɛɟɥɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɈɈɈ «Ⱥɥɦɚɡ», ȺɈ «ɊɈɋɋɄȺɌ», ȺɈ «ɋɢɛɤɚɛɟɥɶ», ɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɜ ɈɈɈ «ɏɨɥɞɢɧɝ Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɣ Ⱥɥɶɹɧɫ» ɢ ɈɈɈ «ɍȽɆɄɏɨɥɞɢɧɝ», ɈɈɈ «Ʉɚɦɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ», ɈɈɈ «ɍɄ «Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɤɚɛɟɥɶ».
Ʉɨɦɩɚɧɢɟɣ «Ⱥɥɦɚɡ» ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɛɟɥɢ, ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɢ ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɤ ɧɢɦ
, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɉɗȾ, ɧɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɨɬ 30 ɞɨ 200 Ƚɰ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɛɟɥɟɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ 3×7, 3×8, 3×10, 3×13,3, 3×16, 3×21,15, 3×25, 3×35 ɦɦ
2
, ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ 3300, 4000, 4500 ɢ 5000 ȼ, ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ [7]. ȼɢɞ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ – ɍɏɅ, ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ – 1 ɢ 5 ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ 15150-69. ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 1.8.
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Ɂɚɜɨɞɨɦ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɛɟɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɪɨɤ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫ Ɍɍ 27.32.13-017-27385465-2017:
– ɄɉɩȻɉ-120 – ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɫ ɦɟɞɧɨɣ ɠɢɥɨɣ, ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ, ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ – ɛɥɨɤ-ɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ, ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ – ɛɥɨɤɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ, ɩɨɞɭɲɤɚ ɢɡ ɧɟɬɤɚɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɛɪɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɢɧɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɧɬɵ, ɬɟɩɥɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ – 120 °ɋ;
– ɄɉɩȻɉ-130 – ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɫ ɦɟɞɧɨɣ ɠɢɥɨɣ, ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ, ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹ
-
ɰɢɢ – ɛɥɨɤ-ɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ, ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ – ɛɥɨɤɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ, ɩɨɞɭɲɤɚ ɢɡ ɧɟɬɤɚɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɛɪɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɢɧɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɧɬɵ, ɬɟɩɥɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ – 130 °ɋ;
– ɄɂɉɩȻɉ-140 – ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɫ ɦɟɞɧɨɣ ɠɢɥɨɣ, ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ, ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ – ɩɨɥɢɢɦɢɞɧɨ-ɮɬɨɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɩɥɟɧɤɚ ɉɆɎ-ɋ-352 ɫ 50%-ɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ, ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ – ɛɥɨɤ-ɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ
02ɆɄ,
ɩɨɞɭɲɤɚ ɢɡ ɧɟɬɤɚɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɛɪɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɨɰɢɧɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɧɬɵ, ɬɟɩɥɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ – 140 °ɋ;
– ɄɂɎȻɉ-230 (250) – ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɫ ɦɟɞɧɨɣ ɠɢɥɨɣ, ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ, ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ
ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ – ɩɨɥɢɢɦɢɞɧɨ-ɮɬɨɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɩɥɟɧɤɚ ɉɆɎ-ɋ-352 ɫ 50%-ɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ, ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ – ɮɬɨɪɨɩɥɚɫɬ, ɩɨɞɭɲɤɚ ɢɡ ɧɟɬɤɚɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɛɪɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɢɧɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɧɬɵ, ɬɟɩɥɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ – 230 (250) °ɋ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.8
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ȼɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, pH 5,0–8,5* 3,0–9,5*
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ
ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, % (ɝ/ɥ)
Ɇɢɤɪɨɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ (ɩɨ ɲɤɚɥɟ Ɇɨɨɫɚ, ȽɈɋɌ 6370-83),
ɛɚɥɥɵ, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, % 100 100
Ƚɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɦ3/ɝ, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ Ȼɟɡ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ
Ƚɢɞɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Ɇɉɚ (ɤɝɫ/ɫɦ2), ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 40 (400) 40 (400)
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ, % (ɝ/ɥ) 0,001 (0,01) 0,125 (1,25)
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɋɈ2, % (ɝ/ɥ) – 0,115 (1,15)
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ CI-, % (ɝ/ɥ) – 7,5 (75)
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɇɋɈ3, % (ɝ/ɥ) – 0,1 (1)
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ SO
2-
, % (ɝ/ɥ) – 0,2 (2)
4
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
0,1 (1,0) 0,1 (1,0)
7 7
Ʉɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨ-
ɫɬɨɣɤɨɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
45
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥ. 1.8
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɋɚ2+, % (ɝ/ɥ) – 0,9 (9)
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ (Na++K+), % (ɝ/ɥ) – 7,0 (70)
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ,
°ɋ, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
* Ⱦɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ (ɞɨ 6 ɱɚɫɨɜ) ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ pH ɞɨ 0.
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɦ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ
ɤɚɛɟɥɹ
Ʉɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨ-
ɫɬɨɣɤɨɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɦ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɢ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ-ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɄɉɩȻɉ
ɩɨ Ɍɍ 27.32.13-017-27385465-2017 ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɧɢɠɟ (ɪɢɫ. 1.13 ɢ 1.14, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ).
Ʉ ɂ ɉɩ Ȼ ɉ (Ʉ) ɏɏɏ 3×ɏɏ 4 ɤȼ
Ʉ – ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɫ ɦɟɞɧɵɦɢ ɠɢɥɚɦɢ
Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɛɭɤɜɵ – ɩɟɪɜɵɣ
Ȼ – ɛɪɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɉ – ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ
Ɋɢɫ. 1.13. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ
ɫɥɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ – ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧ
ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɂ – ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ –
ɩɨɥɢɢɦɢɞɧɨ-ɮɬɨɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɚɹ
ɩɥɟɧɤɚ
ɉɩ – ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ –
ɛɥɨɤ-ɫɨɩɨɥɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɨɩɢɥɟɧɚ
(Ʉ) – ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨ-ɫɬɨɣɤɨɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɪɨɧɢ
ɏɏɏ – ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɠɢɥ, °ɋ
3×ɏɏ – ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɥ, ɦɦ
4 ɤȼ – ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ – 4 ɤȼ, ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ –
3,3 ɤȼ
2
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɦɚɪɤɢ ɄɉɩȻɉ-120 ɬɟɩɥɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ 120 °ɋ, ɬɪɟɯɠɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ 16 ɦɦ
2
, ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ 4000 ȼ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɚɡɟ ɢ ɜ ɞɨ-
ɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ:
ɄɉɩȻɉ-120-3×16-4ɤȼ Ɍɍ 27.32.13-017-27385465-2017.
46
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɦɚɪɤɢ ɄɂɉɩȻɉ-140
ɬɟɩɥɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ 140 °ɋ, ɬɪɟɯɠɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ 10 ɦɦ
2
,
ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ 3300 ȼ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɚɡɟ ɢ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ:
ɄɂɉɩȻɉ-140-3×10 Ɍɍ Ɋ2.13.062.00.000.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɡ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ
ɄɂɉɩȻɉ-140, ɬɪɟɯɠɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ 13 ɦɦ
2
, ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 50 ɦ,
ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɫ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɭɮɬɨɣ, ɫ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɨɪɰɨɜɵɦ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɚɡɟ ɢ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ:
ɍȺ-13/50-08.01 Ɍɍ 27.32.13-017-27385465-2017.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɡ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɄɉɩȻɉ-120, ɬɪɟɯɠɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ 13 ɦɦ
2
, ɞɥɢɧɨɣ
50 ɦ, ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨ-ɫɬɨɣɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɫ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɭɮɬɨɣ,
ɫ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɨɪɰɨɜɵɦ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɚɡɟ ɢ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ:
ɍȺ-13/50-04.01(Ʉ) Ɍɍ 27.32.13-017-27385465-2017.
ɍ Ⱥ ɏɏ /ɏɏ ɏɏ (Ʉ) .ɏɏ
ɍ – ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɶ
Ⱥ – ɡɚɜɨɞ-ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɈɈɈ «Ⱥɥɦɚɡ»
ɏɏ – ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɥ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ, ɦɦ
/ɏɏ – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɹ, ɦ
ɏɏ – ɬɢɩ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ
(Ʉ) – ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨ-ɫɬɨɣɤɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
.ɏɏ – ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɭɮɬɵ:
01 – ɪɚɡɛɨɪɧɚɹ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɨɪɰɨɜɵɦ
ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟɦ;
02 – ɪɚɡɛɨɪɧɚɹ ɫ ɬɨɪɰɨɜɵɦ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟɦ
2
Ɋɢɫ. 1.14. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɹ
ɦɚɪɤɢ ɄɉɩȻɉ
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɲɢɮɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ
ɤɚɛɟɥɹ: 04 – ɞɥɹ ɄɉɩȻɉ-120; 08 – ɞɥɹ ɄɂɉɩȻɉ-140; 06(09) – ɞɥɹ ɄɂɎȻɉ-
230 (250).
Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɭɮɬɵ ɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ
ɧɟɣ (ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ) ɨɬɪɟɡɤɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɵ. Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 1.9, ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.15 ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ
47
ɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ.
Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɥɵ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɵ
Ɍɢɩ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ
ɄɉɩȻɉ-
120 (130)
ɄɉɩȻɉ(Ʉ)-
120 (130)
ɄɂɉɩȻɉ-140
ɄɂɉɩȻɉ(Ʉ)-140
ɄɂɎȻɉ-230
(250)
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.9
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ
ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɹ L,
ɦ
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɥɵ, ɦɦ
7 8 10 13,3 16 21,15 25 35
Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ
2
15 7,1 8,2 11,6 13,4 16,6 19,8 22,2 36,8
20 9,5 10,9 15,5 17,8 22,2 26,4 29,6 49,0
25 11,9 13,6 19,4 22,3 27,7 33,0 37,0 61,3
30 14,3 16,3 23,3 26,7 33,3 39,6 44,4 73,5
35 16,7 19,0 27,2 31,2 38,8 46,2 51,8 85,8
40 19,0 21,8 31,1 35,6 44,4 52,8 59,2 98,0
45 21,4 24,5 34,9 40,1 49,9 59,4 66,6 110,2
50 23,8 27,2 38,8 44,5 55,5 66,0 74,0 122,5
55 26,2 30,0 42,7 49,0 61,0 72,6 81,3 134,8
60 28,6 32,6 46,6 53,4 66,5 79,2 88,7 147,0
15 6,4 7,4 11,3 12,8 14,7 18,9 20,5 31,5
20 8,6 10,0 15,0 17,0 19,5 25,2 27,4 42,0
25 10,7 12,3 18,8 21,3 24,4 31,5 34,2 52,5
30 12,8 14,7 22,5 25,5 29,3 37,8 41,0 63,0
35 16 17,2 26,3 29,8 34,2 44,1 47,9 73,5
40 17,1 19,6 30,0 34,0 39,1 50,4 54,7 84,0
45 19,3 22,1 33,8 38,3 44,0 56,7 61,6 94,5
50 21,4 24,5 37,5 42,5 48,8 63,0 68,4 105,0
55 23,5 27,0 41,3 46,8 53,7 69,3 75,2 115,5
60 25,7 29,4 45,0 51,0 58,6 75,6 82,1 126,0
20 15,0 16,0 17,0 20,0 21,0 25,0 28,0 36,0
25 18,0 20,0 21,0 25,0 27,0 31,0 36,0 44,0
30 22,5 24,0 25,0 30,0 32,0 38,0 43,0 51,0
35 26,5 27,0 29,0 35,0 37,0 44,0 50,0 58,0
40 30,0 32,0 34,0 40,0 43,0 50,0 57,0 65,0
45 33,0 35,0 38,0 45,0 48,0 56,0 64,0 72,0
50 36 40,0 42,0 50,0 54,0 63,0 71,0 79,0
55 40,5 44,0 46,0 55,0 59,0 69,0 78,0 86,0
60 45,0 48,0 50,0 60,0 64,0 75,0 85,0 93,0
48
Ɋɢɫ. 1.15. Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ, ɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɹ:
1 – ɤɪɵɲɤɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɚɹ; 2 – ɧɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɢɤ ɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶɧɵɣ; 3 – ɤɨɥɶɰɚ
ɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ; 4 – ɝɚɣɤɚ; 5 – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ; 6 – ɜɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ;
7 – ɜɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɨɩɨɪɧɚɹ; 8 – ɜɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ; 9 – ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɦɭɮɬɵ
ȼ ɬɚɛɥ. 1.10 ɢ 1.11 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɬɨɤɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɤɚɛɟɥɟɣ ɄɉɩȻɉ ɢ ɄɂɉɩȻɉ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ.
49
Ɍɢɩ
ɤɚɛɟɥɹ
ɄɉɩȻɉ-120
ɄɉɩȻɉ-130
ɄɂɉɩȻɉ-140
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.10
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɬɨɤɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
2
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɫɪɟɞɵ, °ɋ
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɥɵ, ɦɦ
7 8 10 13,3 16 21,15 25 35
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, Ⱥ, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
20 78,3 84,5 96,1 113,0 126,0 149,0 165,0 202,0
30 74,4 80,3 91,3 108,0 120,0 142,0 157,0 192,0
40 70,2 75,8 86,2 102,0 113,0 134,0 148,0 182,0
50 65,8 71,0 80,7 95,3 106,0 125,0 139,0 170,0
60 61,1 65,9 74,9 88,4 98,5 116,0 129,0 158,0
70 55,9 60,4 68,6 81,0 90,3 107,0 118,0 145,0
80 50,3 54,2 61,7 72,8 81,1 95,7 106,0 130,0
90 43,9 47,3 53,8 63,5 70,8 83,6 92,4 113,0
100 36,4 39,3 44,6 52,7 58,7 69,3 76,6 94,0
110 26,9 29,0 33,0 38,9 43,4 51,2 56,6 69,4
120 11,0 11,8 13,5 15,9 17,7 20,9 23,1 28,3
20 82,9 89,5 102,0 120,0 134,0 158,0 175,0 214,0
30 79,2 85,4 97,1 115,0 128,0 151,0 167,0 205,0
40 75,2 81,1 92,2 109,0 121,0 143,0 158,0 194,0
50 71,0 76,6 87,0 103,0 115,0 135,0 149,0 183,0
60 66,5 71,8 81,6 96,3 107,0 127,0 140,0 172,0
70 61,7 66,6 75,7 89,3 99,6 118,0 130,0 159,0
80 56,5 61,0 69,3 81,8 91,2 108,0 119,0 146,0
90 50,8 54,8 62,3 73,5 82,0 96,7 107,0 131,0
100 44,3 47,8 54,4 64,2 71,5 84,4 93,4 115,0
110 36,8 39,7 45,1 53,2 59,3 70,0 77,4 95,0
120 27,2 29,3 33,3 39,3 43,8 51,7 57,2 70,2
130 11,1 12,0 13,6 16,0 17,9 21,1 23,3 28,6
20 83,4 90,0 102,0 121,0 135,0 159,0 176,0 215,0
30 79,9 86,2 98,0 116,0 129,0 152,0 168,0 206,0
40 76,2 82,3 93,5 110,0 123,0 145,0 161,0 197,0
50 72,4 78,1 88,8 105,0 117,0 138,0 152,0 187,0
60 68,4 73,8 83,8 98,9 110,0 130,0 144,0 177,0
70 64,0 69,1 78,6 92,7 103,0 122,0 135,0 166,0
80 59,4 64,1 72,9 86,0 95,9 113,0 125,0 154,0
90 54,4 58,7 66,8 78,8 87,8 104,0 115,0 141,0
100 48,9 52,8 60,0 70,8 78,9 93,2 103,0 126,0
110 42,7 46,1 52,4 61,8 68,9 81,3 89,9 110,0
120 35,4 38,2 43,4 51,2 57,1 67,4 74,6 91,5
130 26,1 28,2 32,1 37,8 42,2 49,8 55,1 67,6
140 10,7 11,5 13,1 15,5 17,2 20,3 22,5 27,6
50
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