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Файл:How to write essays (English for Academic Purposes). Учебное пособие
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These sentences don’t relate to the topic of the essay, which is sing
language.
24.
The essay in exercise 22 uses comparison/contrast organization. The
topic of modern medicine is contrasted with Chinese medicine. It has
block style organization.
The essay in exercise 23 has chronological organization. The main
body paragraphs ae organized by different periods in history.
25.
Possible answers:
1. Instead
2. Specifically/In particular
3. for example/for instance
4. Instead/Rather
5. As a result/Therefore/Thus
26.
a. the city/Barcelona
b. Barcelona
c. the Barrio Goticos/Barri Gotics
d. Barcelona’s
e. Catalan speakers in and around Barcelona
f. in Barcelona
g. all of the previous supporting points in the paragraph
27.
transition use – first, another, and
pronoun reference – these signs (the signs used by a group of deaf
people in Paris); he (L’Epee, Thomas Gallaudet); this time (in 1815,
traveling in Europe); it (American Sgn Language)
repetition of key words – sign language/signs, deaf,
developed/development
28.
Answers will vary.
Ho Chi Minh City, located on the Mekong River in Vietnam, is a
fascinating destination for travellers to Southeast Asia. It was once an
131
important trading center for the French in Southeast Asia and the influence
of French culture can still be felt. For example, many people, especially
the older generations, learned French in school and still can speak it very
well. In addition, some cafes serve French-style bread and pastries in Ho
Chi Minh City and expensive hotels and restaurants serve French food.
Another sign of French influence is that many of the buildings in the city
are built in French style. There are also museums and monuments
documenting the country's long—and often bloody— history. The
Vietnamese and the French also fought but the French eventually left the
country. If you are looking for a unique city to visit in Southeast Asia, Ho
Chi Minh City is an attractive choice.
30.
a. 1. before
Meaning: Don’t think about future rewards (such as money) until they
actually appear.
b. 2. When
Meaning: If you are facing a bad or difficult situation, try to make
something good from it.
c. 3. when
Meaning: Time passes very quickly when you are enjoying yourself.
d. 2. but
Meaning: You can suggest an idea or give someone advice, but you
cannot make the person listen to or follow the advice
e. 2. and, and
Meaning: People prefer to be around someone who is in a good mood.
f. 3. until
Meaning: You don’t know how important something is to you until you
lose it.
32.
1. Leo Alexander, ‘Medical Science under Dictatorship’, New England
Journal of Medicine, vol. 241 (1949), pp. 39–47.
2. Peter Curwen, ‘High-Definition Television: A Case Study of
Industrial
Policy versus the Market’, European Business Review,
vol. 94, no. 1 (1994), pp. 17–23.
3. Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species (London: John Murray,
1859).
132
4. John C. Ford, ‘The Morality of Obliteration Bombing’, Theological
Studies (1944); reprinted in Richard A. Wasserstrom (ed.), War
and Morality (Belmont, 1970), pp. 1–18.
5. Geoffrey Parker, ‘Mutiny and Discontent in the Spanish Army
of Flanders, 1572–1607’, Past and Present, vol. 58 (1973),
pp. 38–52.
6. R. E. Robinson and J. Gallagher, Africa and the Victorians: The
Official Mind of British Imperialism (London: Macmillan, 1962).
7. Peter Singer, Practical Ethics (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1979).
8. Peter Singer, The Expanding Circle (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1981).
9. Peter Singer (ed.), Ethics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994).
10. Allen Wood, ‘Marx against Morality’, in A Companion to Ethics,
ed.
Peter Singer (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994), pp. 511–24.
33.
a)1
b) 2
c) 2
d) 2
e) 3
f) 1
g) 1
34.
a) 'First of all, who is going to carry the suitcase ?' asked Sue.
b) Kate said she would be on time, but I didn't believe her.
c) Jack said that he had missed the train, got lost, and been arrested.
d) When the bell rang, our teacher stood up and said, 'Stop writing,
please.'
e) 'On the other hand, we could go to the cinema, couldn't we?' said
David.
f) 'Hello Alan,' said Tina. 'How do you feel today?'
g) If I were you, I'd ask for some help, or perhaps start again.
h) The old stadium was eventually demolished: very few people went
there, and it was becoming dangerous.
133
35.
a) We're meeting Uncle David on Tuesday evening at eight.
b) Last February I met Mrs Wilkinson for the first time.
c) Tim lives in the south of France near Cannes.
d) We saw a great film at the ABC called 'The Remains of the Day'.
e) Carol works as the manager of a tourist agency.
f) We went to a party at Mrs Harrisons' house on New Year's Eve.
g) Julia's reading 'A Portrait of a Lady' by Henry James.
h) When Jean met the Prime Minister she asked some difficult
questions.
134
REFERENCES
1. Bitchener J. Writing an Applied Linguistics, Thesis or Dissertation
(A Guide to Presenting Empirical Research). Palgrave MAСMILLAN,
2010.
2. Greetham Bryan. How to Write Better Essays. Palgrave MAСMILLAN,
2008.
3. McCarthy M., O’Dell F. Academic Vocabulary in Use. CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2008.
4. Zemach D., Rumisec L. Academic Writing. MAСMILLAN Publishers
Limited, 2005.
5. Официальный сайт Университета Калифорнии. Режим доступа:
/http://library.ucsc.edu/help/howto/choose-a-research-topic
(дата обращения: 14.09. 2012).
6. Официальный сайт онлайн словарей Collins. Режим доступа:
/http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english (дата обращения:
04.10. 2012).
7. Официальный информационно-образовательный портал
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN. Режим доступа: /www.palgrave.com (дата
обращения: 11.10. 2012).
8. Официальный образовательный портал PALGRAVE STUDY
SKILLS. Режим доступа : /www.skills4study.com (дата обращения:
10.12. 2012).
135
CONTENT
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
3
MAIN STEPS OF THE WRITING PROCESS
4
STAGE 1
Pre-Writing: Choosing and Narrowing a Topic, Analising Concepts
6
Pre-Writing: Brainstorming, ‘Pattern Notes’, Mapping
14
Pre-Writing: Using the Right Ability
19
STAGE 2
Research
22
STAGE 3
Planning
33
Editing and Ordering Your Material
41
STAGE 4
Writing
43
Introduction
49
Paragraphs – Topic Sentences
53
Paragraphs – Development and Evidence
58
Conclusions
68
STAGE 5
Revision
78
PLAGIARISM
99
REFERENCING AND BIBLIOGRAFIES
104
PUNCTUATION
112
GLOSSARY
117
KEYS
126
REFERENCES
135
136
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