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134
B. Maesen et al.
Table 7.6 Peri-operative major and minor complications
of all patients reporting on quality of life using the SF-36
questionnaire
Number of patients
per complication
(total patients
Complications
Bleeding:
reoperation
Bleeding:
transfusion
Conversion to
sternotomy
Haemodynamic
instability/cardiac
failure
Mortality <30days n=8 1.7%
Myocardial
infarction
Pacemaker
implantation
Pericarditis n=6 1.3%
Phrenic nerve palsy n=5 1.1%
Pleural effusion n=11 1.8%
Pneumonia n=7 1.6%
Pneumothorax n=8 1.4%
Renal failure n=0 0.5%
Respiratory failure
(requiring
intubation)
Stroke/TIA n=3 0.8%
Tamponade n=1 0.7%
Data are presented as the total number of patients of all
cardiac arrhythmia surgery studies per complication, followed by the adjusted mean of proportion and the 95% CI
in a binary random-effects model. Statistical test perioperative complications: one-arm meta-regression
‘Freeman-Tukey Double Arcsine Proportion’. CI: condence interval; SR: sinus rhythm; TIA: transient ischemic
attack
n=545)
n=16 2.0%
n=15 1.8%
n=7 1.5%
n=0 0.5%
n=7 0.8%
n=14 2.0%
n=0 0.5%
Adjusted
mean%
(95% CI)
(0.9–3.2)
(0.5–3.0)
(0.2–3.5)
(−0.1–
1.1)
(0.6–2.8)
(−0.1–
1.6)
(0.8–3.1)
(0.4–2.2)
(0.2–2.0)
(0.7–2.9)
(0.5–2.6)
(0.4–2.4)
(−0.1–
1.1)
(−0.1–
1.1)
(0.0–1.6)
(0.0–1.5)
Secondary Endpoint: QOL Sub- Analyses
Using Other Questionnaires
Of the 12 studies, 7 reported on QOL using
questionnaires other than the SF-36, including
both general health questionnaires as well as
disease specific questionnaires. Gillinov etal.
reported declined AF related symptom severity as well as symptom frequency scores one
year after surgery using the AFSS questionnaire [44]. They also found that, by using the
SF-12, mainly physical related improvements
were seen, while mental scores remained
rather the same. While Al-Jazairi et al. used
both the Toronto AFSS and EHRA questionnaires [39], Bagge etal. used the EHRA and
SSQ to investigate the improvement in AF
related symptoms [40]. Both studies concluded
that lower scores (meaning less AF symptoms)
were seen one year after arrhythmia surgery,
especially for those who were still in SR.Gehi
used the CCS-SAF to investigate AF related
symptoms and reported consistent outcomes,
where those in SR had almost no AF specific
symptoms anymore [45]. Van Breugel et al.
measured different elements of fatigue incorporated in the MFI [18]. It turned out that
fatigue related symptoms declined after 6 and
12 months compared to baseline. Osmancik
etal. evaluated the effect of AF on QOL using
the AFEQT questionnaire in patients with SR,
pAF and persAF [46]. While all three groups
showed an improvement in QOL after one
year, scores from the SR group increased the
most. Finally, Osmancik etal. and van Breugel
etal. reported on the EuroQol [18, 46]. While
the descriptive part decreased significantly for
the SR group in the study by Osmancik etal.,
this was not the case in the study by van
Breugel etal. The visual analogue scale however did improve in both studies, independently of rhythm outcome (Tables 7.10, 7.11,
7.12, 7.13, 7.14).
4
7 Patient-Reported Quality of Life After Stand-Alone and Concomitant Arrhythmia Surgery…
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135
a
Studies
AI-Jazairi SR 100% 2019
AI-Jazairi AF 100% 2019
Driessen SR 100% 2017
Driessen AF 100% 2017
Lonnerholm SR 97% 2000
Lundberg SR 94% 2008
Joshibayev SR 78% 2016
Bagge SR 76% 200
von Oppel SR 75% 2009
von Breugel SR 57% 2010
Buist SR 33% 2019
9
Estimate (95% C.I.)
1.022 (0.543, 1.500)
0.750 (–0.078, 1.577)
0.777 (0.536, 1.018)
0.255 (–0.107, 0.617)
1.552 (1.010, 2.095)
1.242 (0.723, 1.761)
3.893 (3.251, 4.534)
0.711 (0.243, 1.178)
0.690 (0.108, 1.273)
0.765 (0.409, 1.121)
0.723 (0.138, 1.307)
Physical functioning
Overall (I^2=9059 % , P<0.001) 1.105 (0.658, 1.553)
b
Studies Estimate (95% C.I.)
AI-Jazairi SR 100% 2019
AI-Jazairi AF 100% 2019
Driessen SR 100% 2017
Driessen AF 100% 2017
Lonnerholm SR 97% 2000
Lundberg SR 94% 2008
Joshibayev SR 78% 2016
Bagge SR 76% 200
von Oppel SR 75% 2009
von Breugel SR 55% 2010
Buist SR 33% 2019
9
Overall (I^2=8721 % , P<0.001) 1.090 (0.706, 1.474)
0.919 (0.446, 1.392)
0.609 (–0.210, 1.427)
0.965 (0.720, 1.211)
0.356 (–0.007, 0.720)
2.208 (1.609, 2.807)
0.975 (0.473, 1.478)
2.821 (2.289, 3.354)
0.628 (0.163, 1.092)
1.061 (0.457, 1.666)
0.787 (0.430, 1.143)
0.754 (0.168, 1.340)
012
Standardized Mean Difference
Role physical
3
00.5 11.5 2 2.5 3
Fig. 7.2 Forest plots showing the changes per ShortForm 36 quality of life variable after 12months’ follow up, expressed by the standardized mean difference. The
weight given to each study is illustrated by the size of the
square box, the point effect estimate by its mid-point and
the degree of variance per study by the horizontal line
through the box. A greater horizontal line indicates a
greater 95% condence interval for the effect estimates.
Red boxes are studies where all patients were still in AF
after 12months. The overall effect estimate is represented
by the diamante shape. (a). Physical functioning.
Heterogeneity: τ
P<0.001, I
2
= 0.503, Q(df = 10) = 106.286,
2
=90.6%. (b). Role physical. Heterogeneity:
Standardized Mean Difference
2
τ
=0.354, Q(df=10)=78.169, P<0.001, I2=87.2%. (c).
Bodily pain. Heterogeneity: τ
Q(df=10)=111.276, P<0.001, I
health. Heterogeneity: τ
P<0.001, I
2
τ
=0.265, Q(df=10)=65.670, P<0.001, I2=84.7%. (f).
2
=92.0%. (e). Role emotional. Heterogeneity:
Vitality. Heterogeneity: τ
P < 0.001, I
Heterogeneity: τ
2
I
=86.7%. (h). Mental health. Heterogeneity: τ2=0.253,
2
=0.577, Q(df= 10)=125.791,
2
2
= 81.1%. (g). Social functioning.
2
=0.327, Q(df=10)=75.008, P<0.001,
=0.215, Q(df= 10)=52.832,
Q(df = 10) =62.246, P< 0.001, I
2
= 0.482,
2
=91.0%. (d). General
2
= 83.9%. SR: sinus
rhythm; AF: atrial brillation
136
c Bodily pain
Studies
Estimate (95% C.I.)
B. Maesen et al.
AI-Jazairi SR 100% 2019
AI-Jazairi AF 100% 2019
Driessen SR 100% 2017
Driessen AF 100% 2017
Lonnerholm SR 97% 2000
Lundberg SR 94% 2008
Joshibayev SR 78% 2016
Bagge SR 76% 2009
von Oppel SR 75% 2009
von Breugel SR 55% 2010
Buist SR 33% 2019
0.136 (–0.314, 0.586)
–0.046 (–0.846, 0.754)
–0.004 (–0.237, 0.228)
–0.193 (–0.554, 0.169)
0.445 (–0.042, 0.932)
0.482 (–0.001, 0.964)
2.983 (2.435, 3.531)
0.128 (–0.326, 0.582)
0.138 (–0.428, 0.705)
0.071 (–0.273, 0.415)
0.640 (0.059, 1.220)
Overall (I^2=9101 % , P<0.001) 0.425 (–0.011, 0.862)
d
Studies
AI-Jazairi SR 100% 2019
AI-Jazairi AF 100% 2019
Driessen SR 100% 2017
Driessen AF 100% 2017
Lonnerholm SR 97% 2000
Lundberg SR 94% 2008
Joshibayev SR 78% 2016
Bagge SR 76% 2009
von Oppel SR 75% 2009
von Breugel SR 55% 2010
Buist SR 33% 2019
Estimate (95% C.I.)
0.619 (0.159, 1.079)
0.045 (–0.756, 0.845)
0.445 (0.209, 0.680)
–0.163 (–0.524, 0.198)
1.639 (1.089, 2.188)
1.119 (0.607, 1.630)
3.172 (2.605, 3.738)
0.510 (0.049, 0.971)
0.354 (–0.216, 0.924)
0.150 (–0.194, 0.494)
0.892 (0.298, 1.486)
General health
Overall (I^2=9205 % , P<0.001) 0.789 (0.315, 1.264)
012
Standardized Mean Difference
3
Fig. 7.2 (continued)
012
Standardized Mean Difference
3
2
2
7 Patient-Reported Quality of Life After Stand-Alone and Concomitant Arrhythmia Surgery…
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137
e
Studies
AI-Jazairi SR 100% 2019
AI-Jazairi AF 100% 2019
Driessen SR 100% 2017
Driessen AF 100% 2017
Lonnerholm SR 97% 2000
Lundberg SR 94% 2008
Joshibayev SR 78% 2016
Bagge SR 76% 200
von Oppel SR 75% 2009
von Breugel SR 57% 2010
Buist SR 33% 2019
9
Overall (I^2=9101 % , P<0.001) 0.601 (0.264, 0.939)
Studies
AI-Jazairi SR 100% 2019
AI-Jazairi AF 100% 2019
Driessen SR 100% 2017
Driessen AF 100% 2017
Lonnerholm SR 97% 2000
Lundberg SR 94% 2008
Joshibayev SR 78% 2016
Bagge SR 76% 200
von Oppel SR 75% 2009
von Breugel SR 57% 2010
Buist SR 33% 2019
9
Overall (I^2=8107 % , P<0.001) 0.981 (0.669, 1.294)
Estimate (95% C.I.)
0.577 (0.118, 1.035)
–0.088 (–0.888, 0.713)
0.319 (0.084, 0.553)
0.359 (–0.005, 0.723)
1.254 (0.732, 1.777)
0.738 (0.247, 1.230)
2.118 (1.646, 2.589)
0.588 (0.125, 1.052)
0.150 (–0.416, 0.717)
0.111 (–0.233, 0.455)
0.401 (–0.171, 0.973)
Estimate (95% C.I.)
1.126 (0.642, 1.610)
0.197 (–0.605, 0.999)
0.673 (0.434, 0.912)
0.474 (0.108, 0.840)
2.141 (1.548, 2.733)
1.164 (0.650, 1.678)
1.859 (1.407, 2.310)
0.693 (0.226, 1.160)
0.835 (0.245, 1.425)
0.546 (0.196, 0.896)
1.139 (0.529, 1.750)
Role emotional
–0.5 00.511.
Vitality f
52 .
Standardized Mean Difference
5
–0.5 00.511.5 2 .5
Standardized Mean Difference
Fig. 7.2 (continued)
138
h
g Social functioning
Studies
Overall (I^2=8667 % , P<0.001) 0.935 (0.565,
AI-Jazairi SR 100% 2019
AI-Jazairi AF 100% 2019
Driessen SR 100% 2017
Driessen AF 100% 2017
Lonnerholm SR 97% 2000
Lundberg SR 94% 2008
Joshibayev SR 78% 2016
Bagge SR 76% 200
von Oppel SR 75% 2009
von Breugel SR 57% 2010
Buist SR 33% 201
–0.5 00.5 11.522.5
Studies
Overall (I^2=8393 % , P<0.001) 0.704 (0.373,
AI-Jazairi SR 100% 2019
AI-Jazairi AF 100% 2019
Driessen SR 100% 2017
Driessen AF 100% 2017
Lonnerholm SR 97% 2000
Lundberg SR 94% 2008
Joshibayev SR 78% 2016
Bagge SR 76% 200
von Oppel SR 75% 2009
von Breugel SR 57% 2010
Buist SR 33% 201
Estimate (95% C.I.)
0.963 (0.488, 1.438)
0.627 (–0.193, 1.446)
0.711 (0.471, 0.951)
0.300 (–0.062, 0.663)
1.479 (0.941, 2.016)
0.917 (0.417, 1.417)
9
9
2.855 (2.319, 1.178)
0.711 (0.243, 1.178)
0.362 (–0.208, 0.933)
0.580 (0.229, 0.931)
0.868 (0.276, 1.461)
1.306)
Mental health
Estimate (95% C.I.)
0.746 (0.281, 1.211)
0.135 (–0.666, 0.936)
0.501 (0.265, 0.737)
0.265 (–0.097, 0.628)
1.167 (0.650, 1.684)
9
Fig. 7.2 (continued)
9
0.724 (0.234, 1.215)
2.353 (1.863, 2.844)
0.493 (0.032, 0.953)
0.147 (–0.419, 0.714)
0.477 (0.128, 0.826)
0.679 (0.096, 1.261)
1.036)
B. Maesen et al.
00.5 11.5 22.5 3
Physical functioning
Studies
Al-J
Al-J
Dr
Dr
Studies
Overall (1^2=6197%,
Standardized Mean Difference
Al-J
AI-J
Dr
Dr
Overall (1^2=6196 %
b
a
7 Patient-Reported Quality of Life After Stand-Alone and Concomitant Arrhythmia Surgery…
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Estimate (95% C.I.)
azairi SR n=38 1.022 (0.543, 1.500)
azairi AF n=12 0.750 (–0.078, 1.577)
iessen SR n=142 0.777 (0.536, 1.018)
iessen AF n=59 0.255 (–0.107, 0.617
P=0.048) 0.679 (0.340, 1.018)
0
Role physical
Estimate (95% C.I.)
azairi SR n=38 0.919 (0.446, 1.392)
azairi AF n=12 0.609 (–0.210, 1.427)
iessen SR n=142 0.965 (0.720, 1.211)
iessen AF n=59 0.356 (–0.007, 0.720)
, P=048) 0.734 (0.395, 1.074)
0
0.5
Standardized Mean Difference
0.5
1
139
1.5
1
Fig. 7.3 Forest plots showing the changes per ShortForm 36 quality of life variable after 12months’ follow up, expressed by the standardized mean difference,
comparing studies with 100% sinus rhythm (black box)
with 100% atrial brillation (red box) after 12 months’
follow-up. The weight given to each study is illustrated by
the size of the square box, the point effect estimate by its
mid-point and the degree of variance per study by the
horizontal line through the box. A greater horizontal line
indicates a greater 95% condence interval for the effect
estimates. Red boxes are studies where all patients had AF
after 12months. The overall effect estimate is represented
by the diamante shape. (a). Physical functioning.
Heterogeneity: τ2=0.069, Q(df=3) =7.888, P=0.048,
I2=62.0%. (b). Role physical. Heterogeneity: τ2=0.069,
Q(df=3)=7.887, P=0.048, I2=62.0%. (c). Bodily pain.
τ2= 0.000, Q(df =3) = 1.345, P = 0.718, I2= 0%. (d).
General health. Heterogeneity: τ2 = 0.095,
χ(df=3)= 9.990, P= 0.019, I2=70.0%. (e). Role emo-
tional. Heterogeneity: τ2 = 0.000, Q(df = 3) = 2.155,
P = 0.541, I2 = 0%. (f). Vitality. τ2 = 0.040,
Q(df=3)=5.842, P=0.120, I2=48.7%. (g). Social functioning. Heterogeneity: τ2 =0.035, Q(df = 3) = 5.476,
P=0.140, I2=45.2%. (h). Mental health. Heterogeneity:
τ2=0.004, Q(df=3)=3.306, P =0.347, I2=9.3%. AF:
atrial brillation; SR: sinus rhythm
140
c
Studies
Studies
AI-J
AI-J
Dr
Dr
Overall (1^2=0 %
Standardized Mean Difference
Al-J
Al J
Dr
Dr
Overall (I^2=4865 %
e
f
Bodily pain
Studies Estimate (95% C.I.)
AI-Jazairi SR n=38 0.136 (–0.314, 0.586)
Al-Jazairi AF n=12 –0.046 (–0.846, 0.754)
Driessen SR n=142 –0.004 (–0.237, 0.228)
Driessen AF n=59 –0.193 (–0.554, 0.169)
Overall (1^2=0 % , P=0.718) -0.029 (-0.204, 0. 3.46)
–0.5 0.50
Standardized Mean Difference
B. Maesen et al.
d
Studies Estimate (95% C.I.)
Al-Jazairi SR n=38 0.619 (0.159, 1.079)
Al-Jazairi AF n=12 0.045 (–0.756, 0.845)
Driessen SR n=142 0.445 (0.209, 0.680)
Driessen AF n=59 –0.163 (–0.524, 0.198)
Overall (1^2=6997% , P=0.019) 0.259 (–0.115, 0. 634)
General health
–0.5 0.5 10
Standardized Mean Difference
Role emotional
Estimate (95% C.I.)
azairi SR n=38 0.577 (0.118, 1.035)
azairi AF n=12 –0.088 (–0.888, 0.713)
iessen SR n=142 0.319 (0.084, 0.553)
iessen AF n=59 0.359 (–0.005, 0.723)
, P=0.541) 0.346 (0.170, 0.523)
–0.5 0 0.5 1
Standardized Mean Difference
Vitality
Estimate (95% C.I.)
azairi SR n=38 1.126 (0.642, 1.610)
azairi AF n=12 0.197 (–0.605, 0.999)
iessen SR n=142 0.673 (0.434, 0.912)
iessen AF n=59 0.474 (0.108, 0.840)
Fig. 7.3 (continued)
, P=0.120) 0.663 (0.374, 0.952)
–0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
Studies
Studies
AI-Jazairi SR n=38
AI-Jazairi AF n=12
Driessen SR n=142
Driessen AF n=59
Overall (1^2=4521 %
Al-Jazairi SR n=38
Al Jazairi AF n=12
Driessen SR n=142
Driessen AF n=59
Overall (I^2=927 %
g
h
Standardized Mean Difference
7 Patient-Reported Quality of Life After Stand-Alone and Concomitant Arrhythmia Surgery…
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Social functioning
Estimate (95% C.I.)
0.963 (0.488, 1.438)
0.627 (–0.193, 0.446)
0.711 (0.471, 0.951)
0.300 (–0.062, 0.663)
, P=0.140) 0.638 (0.361, 0.915)
0 0.5 1
Standardized Mean Difference
Mental health
Estimate (95% C.I.)
0.746 (0.281, 1.211)
0.135 (–0.666, 0.936)
0.501 (0.265, 0.737)
0.265 –0.097, 0.628)
, P=0.347) 0.460 (0.265, 0.654)
–0.5 0 0.5 1
141
Fig. 7.3 (continued)
Table 7.7 Changes in SF-36 quality of life variables based on rhythm outcome after 12months of follow-up
SF-36 variable
Physical functioning 0.8 (0.6–1.0) 0.3 (0.0–0.7) 0.015
Role physical 1.0 (0.7–1.2) 0.4 (0.1–0.7) 0.006
Bodily pain 0.0
General health 0.5 (0.3–0.7)
Role emotional 0.4 (0.2–0.6) 0.3 (0.0–0.6) 0.654
Vitality 0.8 (0.5–1.0) 0.4 (0.1–0.8) 0.096
Social functioning 0.8 (0.5–1.0) 0.4 (0.0–0.7) 0.043
Mental health 0.6 (0.3–0.8) 0.2
Data are presented as adjusted mean between QOL scores after 12months versus baseline scores, followed by the 95%
CI. P
-value of the meta-regression was computed using the metric ‘Standardized mean difference’ in a binary randomeffects model using rhythm outcome after 12month’s follow-up as covariate factor. AF: atrial brillation; CI: condence interval; SF: Short-Form 36; SR: sinus rhythm
SR 12months AF 12months
(−0.2–0.2) −0.2 (−0.5–0.2)
−0.1 (−0.5–0.2)
(−0.1–0.6)
P-ValueAdjusted mean 95% CI Adjusted mean 95% CI
0.331
0.002
0.123
142
Table 7.8 Changes in SF-36 quality of life variables comparing cardiac surgery with and without (control group) addon surgical AF ablation
Add-on surgical AF ablation Control group
Study SF-36 variable
Joshibayev and
Bolatbekov etal.
Physical
functioning
Role physical 38.0±13.0 81.0±17.0 44.0±9.0 47.0±9.0 <0.001
Bodily pain 29.0±23.0 79.0±5.0 53.0±11.0 51.0±6.0 <0.001
General health 39.0±7.0 89.0±21.0 51.0±5.0 54.0±6.0 <0.001
Vitality 44.0±12.0 88.0±31.0 49.0±5.0 60.0±5.0 <0.001
Social
functioning
Role emotional 41.0±23.0 89.0±22.0 61.0±11.0 50.0±7.0 <0.001
Mental health 39.0±7.0 89.0±29.0 55.0±13.0 59.0±9.0 <0.001
van Breugel
etal.
Physical
functioning
Role physical 23.5±35.3 53.2±39.7 42.9±42.1 47.9±38.1 0.295
Bodily pain 76.0±25.0 77.7±22.6 72.3±24.6 72.8±21.9 0.032
General health 53.2±19.7 56.0±18.2 60.2±17.4 54.9±17.4 0.458
Vitality 50.5±22.4 61.4±17.0 51.3±21.8 60.0±17.8 0.246
Social
functioning
Role emotional 67.7±42.9 72.1±35.7 69.2±42.0 69.5±36.6 0.157
Mental health 69.6±20.0
von Oppell etal. n=24 n=24 n=25 n=25
Physical
functioning
Role physical 13.5±25.5 54.5±47.3 23.0±38.1 58.8±44.6 <0.001
Bodily pain 65.7±34.2 70.1±28.1 80.7±27.3 92.2±12.8 NS
General health 58.2±23.9 67.0±25.0 55.1±23.3 78.3±16.8 <0.001
Vitality 31.9±23.0 53.0±26.2 30.2±30.5 62.5±19.9 <0.001
Social
functioning
Role emotional 51.4±42.8 56.1±47.6 58.7±43.3 86.7±33.2 NS
Mental health 70.8±19.8 74.0±22.8 76.8±17.4 84.4±17.1 NS
Overall change Adjusted mean (95% CI) Adjusted mean (95% CI) P-Value
Physical
functioning
Role physical 1.5 (0.5–2.6) 0.3 (0.1–0.5) 0.037
Bodily pain
General health
Vitality 1.1 (0.4–1.7) 1.3 (0.4–2.1) 0.704
Social
functioning
Role emotional
Mental health
Data are presented as mean±standard deviation or adjusted mean between QOL scores after 12months versus baseline
scores, followed by the 95% CI.NS: non-signicant. SF: Short-Form 36. AF: atrial brillation. CI: condence interval.
P-value of the meta-regression was computed using the metric ‘Standardized mean difference’ in a binary randomeffects model using add-on surgery as covariate factor
n=54 n=54 n=93 n=93
20.0±7.0 84.0±22.0 38.0±12.0 49.0±7.0 <0.001
39.0±7.0 84.0±21.0 33.0±11.0 51.0±17.0 <0.001
n=65 n=65 n=67 n=67
50.2±24.1 68.4±23.2 50.1±24.2 61.2±23.9 0.143
66.9±25.2 80.0±19.3 67.0±25.8 76.2±24.7 0.410
77.7±13.0 72.0±22.0 74.0±17.5 0.300
41.5±25.6 61.8±31.9 41.4±29.3 80.3±20.3 <0.001
55.7±36.9 68.8±34.2 57.5±29.8 88.8±17.6 <0.001
1.8 (0.1–3.4) 1.0 (0.5–1.4) 0.403
1.1 (−0.5–2.6) 0.0 (−0.3–0.3)
1.2 (−0.3–2.8) 0.4 (−0.2–1.1)
1.3 (−0.0–2.5)
0.8 (−0.3–1.8) −0.2 (−1.1–0.7)
1.0 (−0.1–2.1)
0.9 (0.4–1.4) 0.654
0.3 (0.1–0.5) 0.203
B. Maesen et al.
P-ValueBaseline 1year Baseline 1year
0.230
0.371
0.178
7 Patient-Reported Quality of Life After Stand-Alone and Concomitant Arrhythmia Surgery…
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Table 7.9 Follow-up of patients reporting on quality of life using the Short Form-36 questionnaire. The follow-up
duration is followed by the number of patients at one-year follow-up, the percentage of patients that was in SR direct
after surgery, after three, six and twelve months and how heart rhythm was monitored
Total SR after
12months of
follow-up (n=505)
Study
Al-Jazairi etal. 12 50 – – – 76 72-h
Bagge etal. 12 33 – – – 76 24-h
Buist etal. 12 23 – – – 33 ILR
Driessen etal. 12 201 – – – 71 24-h
Joshibayev and
Bolatbekov etal.
Lonnerholm etal. 12 25 97 – – – 12-lead
Lundberg etal. 12 34 – – – 94 24-h
van Breugel etal. 12 65 – – – 57 24-h
von Oppel etal. 12 24 50 – 75 24-h
CI: condence interval; ILR: implanted rhythm monitoring; SR: sinus rhythm
Adjusted mean (95% CI)
73.8% (62.5–85.0)
Follow-up
duration
(months)
12 54 63 38 72 78 12-lead
Patients at
1year
follow-up (n)
% SR
postoperative
% SR
3months
% SR
6months
% SR
12months
Rhythm
monitoring
Holter
Holter
Holter
ECG
ECG
Holter
Holter
Holter
143
Table 7.10
(SF-12)
Study
Gillinov
etal.
(n=124)
Data are presented as mean±standard deviation
QOL scores measured by Atrial Fibrillation Symptom and Severity Score (AFSS) and Short-Form 12
Symptom severity score
Baseline 1year Baseline 1year Baseline 1year Baseline 1year
4.7±2.8 3.6±2.5 8.3±2.7 4.4±3.7 38.4±8.0 44.
Symptom frequency
score SF-12 Physical SF-12 Mental
3±9.0
48.1±8.8 48.0±6.3
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