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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_6031_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
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- •Foreword
- •Reference
- •Contents
- •References
- •1: The Epidemiology of Adult Spinal Deformity and the Aging Population
- •1.1 The Aging Population
- •1.2 Incidence of Spinal Disorders and Deformity in Our Aging Population
- •1.3 Incidence of Spinal Surgery for Adult Spinal Deformity in Our Aging Population
- •1.4 Incidence of Medical Morbidity Associated with Surgery for Adult Spinal Deformity in Our Aging Population
- •Conclusion
- •2.1 Introduction
- •2.2.1 The King System
- •2.2.2 The Coonrad System
- •2.2.3 The Lenke System
- •2.3.2 The Schwab System
- •2.3.3 The SRS System
- •2.3.4 The SRS-System
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •3: Indications for Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery
- •3.1 Introduction
- •3.2 Symptom-Driven Treatment
- •3.2.1 Pain
- •3.2.2 Axial Pain
- •3.2.3 Radicular Pain
- •3.2.4 Disability
- •3.4.1 Imaging Analysis and Diagnosis
- •3.4.2 X-Ray
- •3.4.3 MRI
- •3.4.4 CT
- •3.4.5 EMG
- •3.5 Operative Indications
- •3.7 Risks of Surgical Treatment
- •3.8 Risk Factors for Surgical Complications
- •3.9 Minimizing Surgical Risk
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •4: Sagittal Balance
- •4.1 Local Spinal Alignment
- •4.2 Global Alignment
- •4.3 Imaging
- •4.4 Outcomes
- •References
- •5: Lumbopelvic Parameters
- •5.1 Introduction
- •5.2 Pelvic Incidence
- •5.3 Pelvic Tilt
- •5.4 Sacral Slope
- •5.5 Lumbar Lordosis
- •5.6 Pelvic Obliquity
- •5.7 The Spinopelvic Relationship and Pelvic Translation
- •5.8 Clinical Relevance
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •6: The Importance of the Fractional Curve
- •6.1 Introduction
- •6.2 Biomechanics of the Fractional Curve
- •6.5.1 Curve Under-Correction
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •7: Radiation Safety
- •7.1 Introduction
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •8: Costs of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
- •8.1 Introduction: Costs of Spinal Surgery
- •8.2 Cost Analysis
- •8.4 Increased Costs with MIS Spine Surgery
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •9: The MiSLAT Algorithm: Minimally Invasive Evaluation and Treatment for Adult Degenerative Deformity
- •9.1 Introduction
- •9.3 Patient Evaluation
- •9.5 The MiSLAT Algorithm
- •9.5.1 MiSLAT Treatment Level I
- •9.5.2 MiSLAT Treatment Level II
- •9.5.3 MiSLAT Treatment Level III
- •9.5.4 MiSLAT Treatment Level IV
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •10: Fluoroscopic Techniques in MIS Surgery
- •10.1 Introduction
- •10.4 Standard Fluoroscopic Images of the Spine
- •10.5 Tips and Tricks for Successful C-Arm Usage
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •11: Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Deformity Surgery
- •11.1 Introduction
- •11.2 Potential Advantages and Disadvantages of CAS
- •11.5 One- or Two-Level MIS TLIF
- •12.2 Anatomy
- •12.2.1 Pedicle
- •12.2.2 Thoracic Spine
- •12.2.3 Lumbar Spine
- •11.6 Complex and Deformity Surgery
- •11.7 Navigation Without K-Wires
- •11.8 Radiation Exposure
- •11.10 Impact of Navigation on Screw Accuracy and Clinical Outcome
- •11.11 Robotic Surgery
- •11.12 Future Developments and Outlook
- •References
- •12: Nuances of Percutaneous Thoracolumbar Pedicle Screw Fixation
- •12.1 Introduction
- •12.3 Principles of Minimally Invasive Spinal Instrumentation
- •12.3.1 Preoperative Planning
- •12.3.2 Fluoroscopic Imaging
- •12.3.3 Facet or Intertransverse Fusion
- •12.3.4 Marking Out the Surgical Incision
- •12.3.5 Percutaneous Pedicle Targeting
- •12.3.6 Pedicle Screw and Rod Insertion
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •13: Rod Contouring, Passage, and Connection
- •References
- •14: Percutaneous Sacropelvic Fixation
- •14.1 Introduction
- •14.2 Surgical Technique for Image-Based Iliac Targeting
- •14.3 Clinical Applications
- •References
- •15: Management of Osteoporotic Bone
- •15.1 Introduction
- •15.3 Preoperative Evaluation and Medical Management
- •15.4 Surgical Strategies for the Osteoporotic Spine
- •15.5 Vertebroplasty/Kyphoplasty for Osteoporotic Fractures
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •16: Minimally Invasive Cement-Augmented Pedicle Screw Fixation
- •16.2 Augmentation Techniques
- •16.3 Screw Geometry/Insertion
- •16.4 Cement Augmentation
- •16.5 Conclusion
- •16.6 Technique
- •16.6.1 Technique
- •16.6.2 Case Example Number 2
- •References
- •17: Interbody Cage Options
- •17.1 Material Options
- •17.1.1 Metallic Devices
- •17.1.2 Polymer Devices
- •17.1.3 Biodegradable
- •17.2 Design Options
- •17.2.2 Size of Cages: Just Fit into Versus Distraction of the Intervertebral Space
- •17.2.3 Number of Cages: One Versus Two
- •17.2.5 Lordotic Versus Non-lordotic Cages
- •17.3 Consequences of the Material Types: Subsidence
- •17.4 Ideal Interbody Cage
- •References
- •18: Multilevel TLIF for Spinal Deformity
- •18.1 Introduction
- •18.2 Use of Open Multilevel TLIF for Coronal and Sagittal Deformity Correction
- •18.3 The Use of MIS Multilevel MIS TLIF in Adult Deformity Surgery
- •18.4 Surgical Technique
- •18.5 Future Advances
- •References
- •19: Expandable Cages for Thoracic Spinal Deformity
- •19.1 Introduction
- •19.2 Kyphotic Deformity of the Thoracic Spine
- •19.3 Conservative Management and Treatment of Thoracic Kyphotic Deformity
- •19.4 Indications and Goals for Surgical Correction of Thoracic Kyphotic Deformity
- •19.5 Surgical Approaches to Treating Thoracic Kyphotic Deformity
- •19.5.1 Posterior
- •19.5.2 Anterolateral
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •20: Expandable Cages for Lumbar Spinal Deformity
- •20.1 Introduction
- •20.4 Kambin’s Triangle and the Geometry of Interbody Cages
- •20.5 The Role of Expandable Cages
- •20.6 Case Illustration
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •21: Lumbar Endoscopic Fusion
- •21.1 Introduction
- •21.2 ETLIF
- •21.2.1 Indications: Special Considerations
- •21.2.2 Surgical Technique
- •21.3 LALIF
- •21.3.2 Surgical Technique
- •21.4 ELLIF
- •21.4.2 Surgical Technique
- •21.5 PELIF
- •21.5.1 Indications: Special Considerations
- •21.5.2 Surgical Technique
- •21.6 Final Considerations
- •References
- •22: Minimally Invasive Osteotomy Techniques
- •22.1 Introduction
- •22.3 Posterior Column Osteotomies (Grades I and II)
- •22.4 Three-Column Osteotomies (Grades III through IV)
- •22.6 Future Directions
- •References
- •23: Thoracoscopic Approaches
- •References
- •24: Role of Neuromonitoring in Minimally Invasive Lateral Approaches to the Spine
- •24.1 Introduction
- •24.2 Anatomy
- •24.3 Types of Monitoring
- •24.5 Recommendations
- •References
- •25: Lateral Interbody Decompression and Fusion: Which Side to Approach From?
- •25.1 Background
- •25.2 Anterior Interbody Versus Posterior Interbody
- •25.3 Approaching from the Concave or Convex Side of the Spine
- •25.4 Concave Approach
- •25.5 Convex Approach
- •25.6 Other Considerations
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •26: Stand-Alone Lateral Surgery for Spinal Deformity
- •26.1 Introduction
- •26.2 Patient Selection
- •26.4 Biomechanics
- •26.5 Anatomical Considerations
- •26.6 Operative Considerations
- •26.7 Case Illustration
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •27: Complications of the Lateral Lumbar Transpsoas Approach
- •27.1 Complications of Positioning
- •27.3 Complications Encountered During Discectomy and Graft Placement
- •27.4 Complications Encountered in the Postoperative Period
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •28: Minimally Invasive Anterior Column Reconstruction for Sagittal Plane Deformities
- •28.1 Introduction
- •28.2 Patient Selection
- •28.3 Advantages and Disadvantages
- •28.4 Anterior Longitudinal Ligament Section via the Lateral Transpsoas Approach
- •28.5 Anatomic Consideration
- •28.5.1 Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
- •28.5.2 Lumbar/Sympathetic Plexus
- •28.5.3 Great Vessels
- •28.6 Operative Considerations
- •28.7 Case Illustration
- •28.8.1 Introduction
- •28.9 Case Illustration
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •29: MIS Thoracic Interbody Surgery
- •29.1 Evolution of MIS Thoracic Interbody Techniques
- •29.2 Anterior Techniques
- •29.3 Posterior Techniques
- •29.4 Indications for MIS Thoracic Interbody Surgery
- •29.5 Contraindications for MIS Thoracic Interbody Surgery
- •29.7 Extracoelomic Approach to the Thoracolumbar Junction
- •29.8 MIS Thoracic Interbody Surgery via Posterolateral Extracavitary Approach
- •29.9 MIS Corpectomy and Vertebral Body Replacement
- •29.10 MIS Deformity Correction
- •29.12 Clinical Results
- •References
- •30: Mini-Open ALIF for Fusing the Lumbosacral Junction
- •30.1 Indications
- •30.2 Contraindications
- •30.3 Alternative Treatments
- •30.4 Results
- •30.5 Technique
- •30.5.1 Setup
- •30.5.2 Instruments
- •30.5.3 Procedure
- •30.5.4 Wound Closure
- •30.5.5 Postoperative Regimen
- •References
- •31: Presacral Approach for Discectomy and Interbody Fusion in the Setting of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Deformity Correction
- •31.1 Indications for Fusion to the Sacrum in Deformity Correction
- •31.1.1 Surgical Anatomy
- •31.1.2 Device
- •31.2.1 AxiaLIF in the Setting of Deformity
- •31.2.1.1 Procedure
- •31.3 Outcomes in Terms of Deformity Correction
- •31.4 Complications
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •32: Minimally Invasive Sacroiliac Joint Fusion
- •References
- •33: Bone Graft Extenders
- •33.1 Introduction
- •33.2 Bone Formation
- •33.2.1 Autograft
- •33.2.2 Allograft-Based Extenders
- •33.2.3 Growth Factor-Based Extenders
- •33.2.4 Cell-Based Extenders
- •33.2.5 Ceramic-Based Extenders
- •33.2.6 Polymer-Based Extenders
- •33.3 Clinical Research
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •34: Minimally Invasive Wiltse Approaches for Posterolateral Fusion
- •34.1 Introduction
- •34.2 Intermuscular Approach
- •34.3 Facet Fusion
- •34.5 Medialized Screw Fixation
- •34.6 Discussion
- •References
- •35: Minimally Invasive Thoracolumbar Facet Joint Fusion
- •35.1 Introduction
- •35.3 Surgical Technique Section
- •35.4 Clinical Data
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •36: Clinical Research in MIS Surgery: Current State and Future Challenges
- •36.1 Introduction
- •36.3.2 Complication Rates
- •36.3.3 Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
- •36.7 Clinical Research in MIS Surgery: Future Challenges
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •37: MIS in Adolescent Deformity
- •37.1 Indications for MIS in AIS
- •37.2 Technique of MIS in AIS
- •References
- •38: The Future of MIS Spine Surgery
- •38.1 Introduction
- •38.2 What Is MISS?
- •38.3 Where Should MISS Go in the Future?
- •38.4.1 Patient Demand
- •38.4.2 Skill Level and Education
- •38.4.3 Instrumentation
- •38.4.4 Image Guidance
- •38.4.5 Cost, Quality of Life (QOL)
- •38.4.6 Health-Care Policy
- •References
- •Index
Index
411
randomized controlled trial , 129
sagittal Cobb angle , 129
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) , 229,
287–288
Visual analogue scale (VAS) , 5, 126
W
Wedge osteotomy , 219
Wiltse approach posterolateral fusion
anatomic segmental approach , 347–348
facet fusion , 351
intermuscular approach ( see Intermuscular approach)
medialized screw fi xation , 356–360
medialized segmental approach to fi xation , 351–355
microsurgical intermuscular fusion/micro-TLIF , 361
midline muscle , 361
muscle-sparing approach , 361
posterior and lateral fusion , 347
posterior segmental muscles , 347
screw construction , 347
transmuscular approach , 361
Wolff’s law , 160
X
XLIF. See Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF)
X-ray beam
C-arm image intensifi er , 77
distortion , 79
divergence , 79, 80
perpendicular , 78
radiation scatter , 55
Y
Y-wires , 143, 144, 152
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