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Ultrasound Imaging in Reproductive Medicine
Advances in Infertility Work-up, Treatment and ART
Laurel A. Stadtmauer Ilan Tur-Kaspa
Editors
Second Edition
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Ultrasound Imaging in Reproductive Medicine
Laurel A. Stadtmauer • Ilan Tur-Kaspa
Editors
Ultrasound Imaging in Reproductive Medicine
Advances in Infertility Work-up, Treatment and ART
Second Edition
Editors
Laurel A. Stadtmauer, MD, PhD The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, VA USA
Ilan Tur-Kaspa, MD, FACOG Institute for Human Reproduction Chicago, IL USA
ISBN 978-3-030-16698-4 ISBN 978-3-030-16699-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16699-1
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microlms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specic statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional afliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
To my colleagues at the Jones Institute and Eastern Virginia Medical School who inspired me to become interested in 3D ultrasound, especially Dr. Alfred Abuhamad, and to my husband, Ivan, daughter, Alessandra, and mom and dad, who sacriced and inspired me to follow my passions and dreams.
Laurel A.Stadtmauer
This book is dedicated to the love of my life, Hana Tur-Kaspa, and to our children, Leeron, Adi, and Tomer, for their continuous love, encouragement, and support, and to the living memories of my parents, Miriam and Chaim Tur-Kaspa, that their love, wisdom, and passion for education are an inspiration for us all.
Ilan Tur-Kaspa

Foreword

It is with great pleasure that I introduce this book, Ultrasound Imaging in Reproductive Medicine: Advances in Infertility Work-up, Treatment, and ART, Second Edition. The second edition, updated with current references and
some new authors, reects the demand for and interest in reproductive ultra­sound, as the rst edition has over 40,000 downloads of chapters. Ultrasound has proven to be essential in the care of the patient with infertility and in many aspects of reproductive medicine, and a high-quality book that encom­passes what anyone in the eld needs to know is a very valuable resource indeed.
This book is laid out in a very logical sequence. The rst two sections present general information about ultrasound safety in reproductive medi­cine, technique for 3D ultrasound, and Doppler applications. The next three sections address the use of ultrasound in the infertility work-up, starting with ultrasound of the ovary, the uterus, and the fallopian tube, and male infertility. Each section addresses the normal changes followed by detailed chapters on specic abnormalities related to infertility. Part VI focuses on ultrasound in infertility and ART treatment, with detailed description of the role of ultra­sound in follicle monitoring, oocyte retrieval, embryo transfer, and tubal patency and the new endometrial receptivity assay. The nal section covers early pregnancy evaluation and ectopic pregnancy.
A formidable team of authors with international prominence was assem­bled to contribute various chapters in their specic areas of expertise. The book is written in a style that is easy to read and is replete with ultrasound images, illustrating various normal and abnormal conditions. The reader will learn about various aspects of ultrasound imaging in reproductive medicine in a systematic and comprehensive fashion from world authorities in the eld. Various chapters reect the current state of the science in pelvic imaging as it relates to the evaluation and management of the infertile couple.
Kudos to Dr. Laurel Stadtmauer and Dr. Ilan Tur-Kaspa, the book’s edi­tors, for their vision and hard work in accomplishing this masterpiece. Laurel is a gifted scientist, an actively practicing physician, and a superb gyneco­logic sonologist with tremendous expertise in advanced ultrasound imaging. Her skills and background present a special perspective as an editor that is evident throughout the book and translates into an evidence-based, practical approach to ultrasound imaging. Ilan is an internationally known expert in reproductive imaging, reproductive medicine, and infertility and gynecologic ultrasound and preimplantation genetic testing. They both have served as
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Chair of the Reproductive Imaging Special Interest Group of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM). Their skills and background present a special perspective as editors that is evident throughout the book and translates into an evidence-based, practical approach to ultrasound imag­ing in diagnosis and treatment of infertility.
This book belongs on the desk of any healthcare worker involved in the eld of infertility. From my standpoint, this book will become the ultimate book on ultrasound in reproductive medicine.
AlfredZ.Abuhamad, MD
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Eastern Virginia Medical School
Norfolk, VA, USA
Foreword

Preface

Can one imagine infertility diagnosis and treatment today without imaging?
Since the start of IVF 40 years ago, the advancement of imaging with ultrasound has been remarkable. Ultrasound has revolutionized the practice of reproductive specialists worldwide and is used daily by the authors in all aspects of patient care in the eld of reproductive medicine and obstetrics and gynecology. From the rst encounter with patients who have been suffering from infertility and related diseases, ultrasound will be used for the evalua­tion of the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, to rule out abnormalities, evaluate the ovarian reserve, and maximize the success of obtaining a preg­nancy and term delivery. Ultrasound will be part of the monitoring of a natu­ral cycle, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with oral agents and injectable gonadotropins with timing for intrauterine insemination, ART, and may assist in the decision to transfer the embryo in a fresh or frozen cycle. It then will be used to conrm intrauterine pregnancy, for the investigation of a preg­nancy of unknown location, for evaluation and treatment of ectopic preg­nancy, and for determination of the viability of the fetus or fetuses.
Therefore, it was natural for us, the coeditors, who have been involved in the eld of advanced infertility work-up and treatment for over 25years and have served as Chairs of the Reproductive Imaging Special Interest Group with the organization of multiple postgraduate courses at the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), to compile the rst edition of this book in 2014. Because of the success of the rst edition, including about 40,000 downloads of chapters, and the technological advancements, we have been asked by the publisher to put together this second edition. We thank the international group of specialists who have contributed their expertise to make the book successful as well as the contributions of some new experts for this second edition.
This book will be used by infertility specialists, gynecologists, ultrasonog­raphers, radiologists, nurses, and trainees who are involved in imaging and the diagnosis and treatment of the infertile couple. It is a practical book cov­ering all normal ndings and abnormalities in women of reproductive age. The book starts with ultrasound safety and principals of ultrasound and moves to the normal and abnormal uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes and the use in ART treatments and procedures. The advantages of 3D ultrasound are empha­sized in the book. It concludes with the early pregnancy ultrasound. A new area of interest is endometrial receptivity, and this chapter has been included.
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The authors have compiled many original ultrasound images with the chapters. All authors are internationally recognized specialists in reproduc­tive medicine, as well as imaging, who have been involved with teaching, and their contributions provide unique comprehensive coverage of all aspects of this eld and led to the success of the rst edition. We hope you nd the book helpful in improving the evaluation and treatment of your patients and an enjoyable resource.
See better; do ART better.
Norfolk, VA, USA LaurelA.Stadtmauer, MD, PhD Chicago, IL, USA IlanTur-Kaspa, MD, FACOG
Preface

Acknowledgments

Today, one cannot imagine the practice of reproductive medicine and infertil­ity without imaging. Over the last 25years in practice, we have seen so many advances and improvements in ultrasound. These advances have established ultrasound as the preferred imaging technique for our specialty. It is an inte­gral part of the examination of our patients and remains the safest and most cost-effective imaging modality for the diagnosis and treatment of infertility.
About 40,000 chapter downloads were done since the rst edition of our book was published in 2014. We thank the readers who established this book as the primary textbook for ultrasound in reproductive medicine and hope to satisfy the unique demand with this new edition.
Special thanks to our coauthors, who have contributed their special experi­ence and expertise to the eld and made this second edition a fantastic book; our mentors over the years, who trained us in ultrasound; engineers, who have constantly been improving the quality of the ultrasound images; and our patients, whom we learn from daily.
Norfolk, VA, USA Laurel A.Stadtmauer Chicago, IL, USA Ilan Tur-Kaspa
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