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Notice

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.

Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.

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Contributors vii

Series Editors' preface ix

Editors' preface xi

Evidence-based practice in surgery xiii

1 Liver function and failure 1

Stephen J. Wigmore, Benjamin M. Stutchfield and Stuart J. Forbes

2 Hepatic, biliary and pancreatic anatomy 17

Steven M. Strasberg

3 Staging and assessment of hepatobiliary malignancies 39

Steve M.M. de Castro, Otto M. van Delden, Dirk J. Gouma and

Olivier R.C. Busch

4 Benign liver lesions 59

Rowan W. Parks, O. James Garden and Jean-Francois Gigot

5 Primary malignant tumours of the liver 80

Chetana Lim and Olivier Farges

6 Colorectal liver metastases 109

Declan F.J. Dunne, Robert P. Jones, René Adam and Graeme J. Poston

7 Non-colorectal hepatic metastases 132

Zaheer Kanji, Lynn Mikula, Carol-Anne Moulton and Steven Gallinger

8 Portal hypertension 146

Geoffrey H. Haydon, John Isaac, John A.C. Buckels and Simon P. Olliff

9 The spleen 164

Chee-Chee H. Stucky and Richard T. Schlinkert

10 Gallstones 174

Leslie K. Nathanson

11 Benign biliary tract diseases 196

Benjamin N.J. Thomson and O. James Garden

12 Malignant lesions of the biliary tract 218

Shishir K. Maithel and William R. Jarnagin

Contents

13 Acute pancreatitis 244

Colin J. McKay, Euan J. Dickson and C. Ross Carter

14 Chronic pancreatitis 260

Alexandra M. Koenig, Kai Bachmann and Jakob R. Izbicki

15 Pancreatic adenocarcinoma 275

Michael E. Kelly and Kevin C. Conlon

16 Cystic and neuroendocrine tumours of the pancreas 289

Saxon Connor

17 Hepatobiliary and pancreatic trauma 304

Rowan W. Parks

Index 327

Contributors

René Adam, MD, PhD

Professor of Surgery, Universite Paris-Sud; Centre Hepato-Biliaire, Hôpital Paul Brousse, University Paris-Sud, Paris, France

Kai Bachmann, MD

Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany

John A.C. Buckels, CBE, MD, FRCS

Professor of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery Liver Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK

Olivier R.C. Busch, MD, PhD

Gastrointestinal Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

C. Ross Carter, MBChB, FRCS, MD, FRCS(Gen)

Consultant Pancreaticobiliary Surgeon, West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK

Steve M.M. de Castro, MD, PhD

Chief Surgery Resident, Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Kevin C. Conlon, MA, MCh, MBA, FRCSI, FACS, FRCS, FTCD

Chair of Surgery, Professorial Surgical Unit, University of Dublin, Trinity College; St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

Saxon Connor, MBChB, FRACS

HPB Surgeon, General Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand

Otto M. van Delden, MD, PhD

Interventional Radiologist, Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Euan J. Dickson, MBChB, MD, FRCS

Consultant Surgeon, West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK

Declan F.J. Dunne, MBChB(Hons), MRCS

Surgical Research Fellow, University of Liverpool; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK

Olivier Farges, MD, PhD

Professor of Surgery, Department of Hepato-biliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Beaujon, Université Paris 7, Paris, France

Stuart J. Forbes, FRCP(Ed), PhD

Professor of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, UK,

Steven Gallinger, MD, MSc, FRCSC

Professor of Surgery, Division of General Surgery Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

O. James Garden, BSc, MBChB, MD, FRCS(Glas), FRCS(Ed), FRCP(Ed) FRACS(Hon), FRCSC(Hon), FRSE

Regius Professor of Clinical Surgery, Clinical Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, The University of Edinburgh; Honorary Consultant Surgeon, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Jean-François Gigot, MD, PhD, FRCS

Professor of Surgery, Division of HBP Surgery, Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium

Dirk J. Gouma, MD, PhD

Professor of Surgery, Chair of the Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Geoffrey H. Haydon, MBChB, MSc, MD, FRCP

Consultant Hepatologist, Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK

John R. Isaac, MBBS, MMed(Surgery), FRCS(Edin), FRCS(Glasg), FAMS

Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary and Liver Transplant Surgeon, Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK

vii

Contributors

Jakob R. Izbicki, MD, FACS

Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany

William R. Jarnagin, MD, FACS

Enid A. Haupt Chair in Surgery, Professor of Surgery; Chief, HPB Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

Robert P. Jones, BSc (Hons), MBChB

Surgical Research Fellow, University of Liverpool; Northwestern Hepatobiliary Unit, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK

Zaheer S. Kanji, MD, BSc, BMedSci

Research Fellow, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Resident Physician, Division of General Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

Michael E. Kelly, BA, MBBCh, BAO, MRCS

Adelaide & Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland

Alexandra M. Koenig, MD

Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center, HamburgEppendorf, Germany

Chetana Lim, MD

Department of Hepato-biliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Hôpital Beaujon, Université Paris 7, Paris, France

Leslie K. Nathanson, MBChB, FRACS

Consultant Surgeon, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia

Simon P. Olliff, MRCP, FRCR

Consultant Radiologist, Department of Radiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK

Rowan W. Parks, MBBCh, BAO, MD, FRCSI, FRCS(Ed)

Professor of Surgical Sciences, Clinical Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, The University of Edinburgh; Honorary Consultant Surgeon, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Graeme J. Poston, MBBS, MS, FRCS

Professor of Surgery, University of Liverpool; Northwestern Hepatobiliary Unit, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK

Richard T. Schlinkert, MD, FACS

Professor of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Consultant Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA

Steven M. Strasberg, MD, FRCS(C), FACS, FRCS(Ed)

Pruett Professor of Surgery, Section of HepatoPancreato-Biliary Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St Louis, MO, USA

Chee-Chee H. Stucky, MD

Surgical Resident, General Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA

Lynn Mikula, MD, MSc

Consulting General Surgeon, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada

Carol-Anne Moulton, MBBS, MEd, PhD, FRACS

Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Colin J. McKay, MBChB, MD, FRCS

Consultant Surgeon, West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary Glasgow, UK

Shishir K. Maithel, MD, FACS

Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

viii

Benjamin M. Stutchfield, BSc, MBChB, MSc, MRCS(Ed)

Clinical Research Fellow, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Benjamin N.J. Thomson, MBBS, DMedSc, FRACS

Head of Specialist General Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Stephen J. Wigmore, BSc(Hons), MBBS, MD, FRCSEd, FRCS(Gen Surg)

Professor of Transplantation Surgery, Clinical Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, The University of Edinburgh; Clinical Director General Surgery and Transplantation, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Series Editors' preface

It is now some 17 years since the first edition of the Companion to Specialist Surgical Practice series was published. We set ourselves the task of meeting the educational needs of surgeons in the later years of specialist surgical training, as well as consultant surgeons in independent practice who wished for contemporary, evidence-based information on the subspecialist areas relevant to their general surgical practice. The series was never intended to replace the large reference surgical textbooks which, although valuable in their own way, struggle to keep pace with changing surgical practice. This Fifth Edition has also had to take due account of the increasing specialisation in ‘general’ surgery. The rise of minimal access surgery and therapy, and the desire of some subspecialties such as breast and vascular surgery to separate away from ‘general surgery’, may have proved challenging in some countries, but has also served to emphasise the importance of all surgeons being aware of current developments in their surgical field. As in previous editions, there has been increasing emphasis on evidence-based practice and contributors have endeavoured to provide key recommendations within each chapter. The e-Book versions of the textbook have also allowed the technophile improved access to key data and content within each chapter.

We remain indebted to the volume editors and

all the contributors of this Fifth Edition. We have

endeavoured where possible to bring in new blood to freshen content. We are impressed by the enthusiasm, commitment and hard work that our contributors and editorial team have shown and this has ensured a short turnover between editions while maintaining as accurate and up-to-date content as is possible. We remain grateful for the support and encouragement of Laurence Hunter and Lynn Watt at Elsevier Ltd. We trust that our original vision of delivering an up-to-date affordable text has been met and that readers, whether in training or independent practice, will find this Fifth Edition an invaluable resource.

O. James Garden BSc, MBChB, MD, FRCS(Glas), FRCS(Ed), FRCP(Ed), FRACS(Hon), FRCSC(Hon), FRSE Regius Professor of Clinical Surgery, Clinical Surgery School of Clinical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh and Honorary Consultant Surgeon, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh

Simon Paterson-Brown MBBS, MPhil, MS, FRCS(Ed), FRCS(Engl), FCS(HK) Honorary Senior Lecturer, Clinical Surgery School of Clinical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh and Consultant General and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeon, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh

Editors' preface

This Fifth Edition of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery continues to build on the strong founda-

tions of previous contributors since the First Edition appeared in 1997. My colleague, Professor Rowan Parks has joined me as Editor of this volume in an effort to bring fresh thought regarding content and format. Each edition delivers refinement and updates to existing chapters, which have been updated extensively. We have endeavoured to secure leading international contributors who will keep the reader at the forefront of those rapidly developing areas of HPB surgery.

The content is as comprehensive as any previous

edition although we have not attempted to duplicate some areas of the speciality which are addressed in the Endocrine or Transplantation Volumes. All chapters have been brought up to date with new

evidence base and references. We have endeavoured to maintain a uniform style and we are grateful to our contributors for allowing us to make various amendments of content to achieve this.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to colleagues at Elsevier for trying to keep us on schedule and for addressing issues of style, formatting and layout. We would wish to acknowledge the tremendous support and tolerance shown by our families in allowing us to deliver this volume and take us to 20 years of the Companion Series.

O. James Garden

Rowan W. Parks

Edinburgh

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