Книга_992_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана

Добавил:

Sekretar kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru t.me/Prokururor I Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.

Вуз:

Ростовский Государственный Медицинский Университет

Предмет:

Медицина общая

Файл:

Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_992_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf

Скачиваний:

Добавлен:

31.08.2026

Размер:

27 Мб

Скачать

☆

<<< < Предыдущая 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 3435 / 3535

Index

Gallbladder cancer 232–238

adjuvant therapy 237 clinical presentation/diagnosis 233–234 epidemiology/aetiology 232–233, 233f histopathology/staging 234, 234t, 235t palliation 237–238 surgical approach, aggressive 235 surgical therapy 235–237

post-cholecystectomy malignancy 236–237 suspected malignancy 236 T1 tumours 236 T2 tumours 236 T3 tumours 236 T4 tumours 236 unsuspected malignancy 236–237

Gallstones 174–195

acalculous biliary pain 190–192 acute pancreatitis 244, 246 asymptomatic 178–179 common bile duct (CBD) stones 183–190 composition/formation/risk factors 174–175, 175f gallbladder stones 178–183 investigation 176–178

blood tests 177 computed tomography (CT) 177 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

(ERCP) 178, 178f endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) 177 magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

(MRCP) 178 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) 178 radioisotope scanning 177–178 ultrasonography 177

management 251 operative treatments 179

cholecystostomy 181 common bile duct (CBD) injury 181, 182–183, 182f, 183f endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

(ERCP) 187–190, 188b, 188f intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) 181–182 laparoscopic cholecystectomy 180–181 laparoscopic choledochotomy 187, 187b laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct (CBD)

exploration 184f, 185, 185f, 187b laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) 183 mini-laparotomy cholecystectomy 180 open cholecystectomy 179–180 open choledochotomy 187 recurrent common bile duct (CBD) stones 190 subtotal cholecystostomy 181

non-operative treatments 179

dissolution agents 179 lithotripsy 179

presentation 175–176 Gastric outlet obstruction 257 Gastric varices

classiﬁcation 149t

therapy 152–154 Gastrinoma 296t Gastroduodenal artery 36–37 Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

adenocarcinoma 139–140

haemorrhage 256–257

outﬂow obstruction, upper 284–285

stromal tumours (GISTs) 136–137 Gastrointestinal Study Group (GITSG) 285

GLOBOCAN series (IARC) 80 Glucagonoma syndrome 296t γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) 177 Glutathione synthesis (GSH) 7, 10 GRETCH staging system 91

Haemangiomas 60–64, 168

clinical presentation 61–63, 62f, 63f management 63–64

pathology 60–61, 61f Haemophilus inﬂuenzae 284 Haemopoetic (haematopoietic) stem cell therapy 14–15 Haemorrhage

acute pancreatitis 256, 256f

gastrointestinal (GI) 256–257

variceal 149–152, 151f, 153f, 155 Hamburg procedure 269, 269f Hemihepatectomy, deﬁned 18f, 20–21 HepatAssist device 13 Hepatectomy 22, 93

deﬁned 18f, 20–21

repeat 116

two-stage 116 Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) 124 Hepatic arteries

anatomy 17–20, 18f, 19f, 20f

resection 21–22, 21f

ligation 314 Hepatic dysfunction see Liver failure; Liver function Hepatic injury scale 305t Hepatic insufﬁciency, liver resection 2–3 Hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) 9–10 Hepatic pseudotumours 68 Hepatic steatosis 11, 11f

assessment 11, 11f Hepatic veins

acute Budd–Chiari syndrome 158

anatomy 25f, 26–27, 26f

invasion, macroscopic 100 Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) 149, 150 Hepatic venous thrombosis see Budd–Chiari syndrome Hepatitis, autoimmune 83 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) 80, 81–82

see also Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hepatitis C virus (HCV) 80, 82

see also Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hepatitis D virus (HDV) 82 Hepatitis E virus (HEV) 82 Hepatobiliary scintigraphy 6 Hepatocellular adenoma (HCAs) 84 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 42–44, 80–100, 210f

biliary injury 209, 210f

clinical presentation 85–86, 86f

diagnosis 89–90

histological assessment 89

incidence 80–81, 81t

laparoscopy/laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) 43

liver function tests 86

natural history/staging 90–91, 91t

pathology 84–85, 85f

radiological studies 86–89

accuracy 89 angiography 89

331

Index

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Continued)

computed tomography (CT) 42–43, 87 contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) 88–89 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 42–43, 87–88 positron emission tomography (PET) 89

ultrasound 87 resectability, staging/assessment 40f, 43–44, 43t risk factors 81–84 screening 91–92 serum tumour markers 86 transabdominal ultrasound 42, 42f treatment 92–99

complicated HCC 99–100

uncomplicated HCC 100

ablation see Percutaneous local ablative therapy

chemoembolisation see Transarterial

chemoembolisation (TACE) normal livers 92–93 palliative 98–99 resection see under Liver resection strategy, deﬁning 99–100 transplantation see Liver transplantation (LT)

variant, ﬁbrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) 100

Hepatolithiasis 211, 219

management 211

Hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) malignancy see

Colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs);

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); Pancreatic/

periampullary carcinoma; Proximal bile duct tumours

Hereditary chronic pancreatitis (HCP) 263 Hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) 83 Hereditary pancreatic cancer 276 Hereditary spherocytosis 167 Hilar cholangiocarcinoma 219–220, 221–229

adjuvant therapy 227 classiﬁcation 223–224, 224b, 224t clinical presentation/diagnosis 221–222 palliation 227–229

chemotherapy 229 intrahepatic biliary-enteric bypass 228 percutaneous biliary drainage 228 photodynamic therapy 228 radiation therapy 228

preoperative evaluation 223–225, 223f radiological investigation 222–223

computed tomography (CT) 222 direct cholangiography 222 duplex ultrasonography 222, 222f magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

(MRCP) 223, 223f

resection 223f, 225–226, 225f, 225t, 227t

results 226–227

T-stage criteria 224t

treatment options 225 Hilar marginal artery 32, 33f Hjortsjo’s crook 23, 23f Hodgkin’s lymphoma 167 Human immunodeﬁciency virus (HIV) infection 82 Hydatid cyst 71–73, 72f

clinical presentation 71–72

management 72–73 Hydatid sand 71 Hydrojet 117 Hydroxy-imino-diacetic acid (HIDA) 177–178 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) 136 Hyperamylasaemia 246

Hyperplasia, nodular regenerative 68 Hypertension

intra-abdominal (IAH) 247 portal see Portal hypertension

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy

(HIPEC) 138

Iatrogenic biliary injury 199–209

aetiology 199 avoiding, techniques 199–201, 200f classiﬁcation 201, 201t, 202f management 203–209, 204f

biliary ﬁstula 203–204 biliary obstruction 204–205 complications 206f, 208–209, 209f operative techniques 207–208 prognosis 209 repair, timing 205–207, 205f, 206f, 207f vascular injury 206, 206f, 207f

presentation 201–203 Imatinib 136–137 Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) 166–167, 168 Immunity, innate 8–9 Indocyanine green (ICG) 6, 6f Infection, prevention 250 Inferior vena cava (IVC) 17, 18–20, 18f, 114–115

acute Budd–Chiari syndrome 158

hepatic veins and 26–27

liver capsule and 29–30 Inferior vena caval ligament 27 Inﬂammatory response, inhibition 251 Innate immunity, liver resection 8–9 Insulinoma 296t International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 80,

275–276

International Association of Pancreatology (IAP)

292–293, 292b, 294

International Classiﬁcation of Diseases for Oncology

(ICD) 101

International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta

Conference 244–245 Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) 247 Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) 277,

289–295

clinical presentation 289–290 investigations 290–291, 290f, 291t management 292–294 outcome 294–295, 294t

pathology 291–292, 292f Intrahepatic biliary-enteric bypass 228 Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA) 80, 100–103

classiﬁcation/staging 101

clinical presentation 102

diagnosis 102

imaging studies 102, 102f, 103f

incidence 101

pathology/progression 101–102

risk factors 101

treatment 102–103 Intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) 181–182 Irinotecan 120

-based regimes 120–121, 122, 123, 124

Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury 3, 10

332

Index

Jarnagin–Blumgart clinical T staging system 52–53,

53t

Jaundice, obstructive 284

see also Parasitic infestation, jaundice

Johns Hopkins-Mayo Clinic Collaborative Study 285

Karnofsky index 90 Kasai’s operation (porto-enterostomy) 196, 208 Kausch–Whipple procedure 268 King’s College Hospital, acute liver failure criteria 1 Klatskin tumours, classiﬁcation 53f Klebsiella spp 221 Kocher manoeuvre 320 Kocherisation 283 KRAS proto-oncogene 120, 121, 122 Kupffer cells 1

Laparoscopic surgery 117–118 Laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS)

colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) 41, 112–113 gallstones 183 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 43 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma 46–47, 47f

proximal bile duct tumours 51 Laparotomy, open 254–255 Left adrenal gland 36 Left lateral sectional bile duct 23–24, 23f Leucovorin 122

see also FOLFOX Lidocaine (MEG-X) 6 Lithotripsy 179 Liver

lesions see Benign liver lesions

metastases see Colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs);

Non-colorectal hepatic metastases

tumours see Primary malignant tumours, liver Liver abscess 69–70, 70f

clinical presentation 69

management 69–70 Liver, anatomy 17–30

overview 17–21

hepatic artery 17–20, 18f, 19f, 20f resectional terminology 18f, 19f, 20–21, 20f

resections 21–30

bile ducts 22–24, 22f, 23f hepatic arteries 21–22 hepatic veins 25f, 26–27, 26f plate/sheath system 28–30, 28f, 29f portal veins 24–26, 24f, 25f

Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan (LCSGJ) 90, 91t, 94,

101, 220–221

Liver cell adenoma 64–65

clinical presentation 65

management 65, 66f

pathology 64–65, 64f Liver cysts, simple 73–74

clinical presentation 73–74, 73f

management 74 Liver Dialysis Device 13

Liver failure 1–16

future developments 14–15 symptoms 1–5, 2b

acute 2–3, 5t chronic 3, 3t, 5t

therapy 13–14

artiﬁcial support 13–14 extracorporeal support 13 N-acetyl cysteine 13 nutritional support 13 stem cell 14–15

transplantation (LT) 14 Liver ﬂukes (trematodes) 211–212 Liver function 1–16

blood tests 5, 5t future developments 14–15 metabolic 3–4 overview 1 substance clearance tests 5–12 tests (LFTs) 177, 184 volume measurement 4–5, 4f, 5f

Liver regeneration 9

cell populations 9–10 molecular signals 9, 10f

Liver resection 208–209, 209f

anatomical 314 blood ﬂow, effect on 8, 8f chemotherapy 11 consequences 10 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 93–98

limitations 93

outcome 94

recurrence, treatment 94–95

risks/patient selection 93–94

technique 94

innate immunity 8–9 resectional debridement 314, 314f small-for-size syndrome 10–11 surgical anatomy see under Liver, anatomy

Liver transplantation (LT) 14, 95–96, 157, 208–209

patient selection 95 portal hypertension 157 rationale 95 trauma 315 treatment 95–96

Liver trauma 304–316

classiﬁcation 305, 305t complications 315–316

non-operative management 315

outcome 316

postoperative 315–316

diagnosis 305–308, 307f mechanisms of injury 304–305 operative management 309–315

anatomical resection 314

ex vivo surgery/liver transplantation (LT) 315

haemostasis, techniques 313, 313f

hepatic artery ligation 314

hepatic venous/retrohepatic caval injury

314–315 incision 309–310 intraoperative assessment 310–311, 310f, 311f perihepatic packing 311–313, 312f resectional debridement 314, 314f strategy 309

non-operative management 308–309, 315

333

Index

LiverMetSurvey group 122 Living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) 95 Longitudinal pancreatico-jejunostomy 268 Lung cancer 141 Lymphoma 105, 167 Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis 213

Macroregenerative nodules 68 Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

acute pancreatitis 248–249 biliary disorders 205, 206–207, 229 cholangiocarcinoma 222 choledochal cysts 197 computed tomography (CT) 177 gallstones 178 hepatolithiasis 211 hilar cholangiocarcinoma 223, 223f Mirizzi’s syndrome 210 primary sclerosing cholangitis 212–213

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

acute pancreatitis 248–249, 249f colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) 40, 110–112 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 42–43, 87–88 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma 45, 45f proximal bile duct tumours 50–51

Malignancy

biliary see Biliary tract, malignancy choledochal cysts 197, 197f primary sclerosing cholangitis 213 see also Colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs);

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); Pancreatic/

periampullary carcinoma Marginal arteries 32, 33f MARS (Molecular Absorbent Recirculating System)

device 13 Marseille Classiﬁcation, chronic pancreatitis (CP) 260 Masitinib 137 Melanoma 139 MELD (Model for End-stage Liver Disease) score 6, 93,

95–96, 147–148, 148b, 157 Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) 222,

226–227, 228, 230, 231, 235

clinical risk score (CRS) 112–113

staging system 52–53 Meningococcus C 284 Mesenchymal tumours, classiﬁcation 60b Metabolic liver disease 83–84 Metabolic liver function 3–4 Metastasectomy 140–141 Microwave ablation (MWA) 125 Milan criteria 95–96 Milano/Mazzaferro criteria 43–44 Mirizzi’s syndrome 209–211, 210f

management 210–211

presentation 210 Mixed mesenchymal/epithelial tumours, classiﬁcation 60b Molecular signals, liver regeneration 9, 10f Monoethylglycinexylidide (MEG-X) 6 Mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) 277, 289, 292,

299–301 Multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach 125–126 Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, deﬁned 245b Myeloid disease 168

N-acetyl cysteine 13 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence

(NICE) 120–121 Near-infrared spectroscopy 8 Necrosectomy, methods 254–256, 254f Necrosis 253–256

infected 254–256 minimally invasive approaches 255–256

percutaneous drainage 255

surgery 255–256, 256f necrosectomy, methods 254–256, 254f open laparotomy/debridement 254–255, 254f sterile 253–254

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) 132, 134–136, 135f, 136f Nilotinib 137 Nitrogen homeostasis 3–4 Nitrogen metabolism 4 ‘No-touch’ technique 226 Nodular regenerative hyperplasia 68 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 82–83 Non-colorectal hepatic metastases 132–145

adrenocortical tumours 141 breast cancer 137 clinical approach 134 endometrial cancer 141 gastrointestinal (GI) adenocarcinoma 139–140 gastrointestinal (GI) stromal tumours (GISTs)

136–137 lung cancer 141 melanoma 139 neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) 132, 134–136, 135f,

136f ovarian cancer 137–138, 138f pathophysiology 133 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) 138–139 testicular cancer 140–141 treatment 134 urothelial cancer 141

Non-colorectal non-neuro-endocrine gastrointestinal (GI)

metastases 140b, 141

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 167 Norﬂoxacin 152b Nutritional support 250–251

delivery 250 disease modulation 250–251 liver failure 13

Obstructive jaundice 284 Occupation, risk factor 276 Octreotide 152–154 Oesophageal cancer 139–140 Oesophageal varices

classiﬁcation 149t management 148–149 therapy 149–152, 149t

Oliveira classiﬁcation system 53t OncoSurge computer model 126 Open laparotomy/debridement

closed lavage 255 drainage/closed packing 254 open packing 255

334

Index

Opisthorchis viverrini 101, 219 OPUS trial 121 Ovarian cancer 137–138, 138f Oxaliplatin 120

see also FOLFOX

Paclitaxel 138 Palliation

gallbladder cancer 237–238 hilar cholangiocarcinoma 227–229 pancreatic adenocarcinoma 284–285

Pancreas

cancer, hereditary 276 enzymes, inhibition 251 secretion, inhibition 251 tumours 246

Pancreas, anatomy 34–37

blood supply 34–35, 35f ligaments 36–37 lymphatics 35, 36f pancreatic ducts 34

Pancreatectomy

central 284 distal 268, 284 laparoscopic 284 total 267, 284

Pancreatic abscess 256

deﬁned 245b

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma 275–288

epidemiology 275 future trends 285–286 investigations 278–280

cytology/histology 280 diagnosis 279–280 imaging 279–280, 279f markers 278

serology 278 pathology 281 precursor lesions 277, 279f presentation 277–278, 278b risk factors 275–276, 276b

diet/alcohol 276

hereditary pancreatic cancer 276

occupation 276

past medical history 276

smoking 275–276 staging techniques 280–281

laparoscopy 280–281, 280f, 281f treatment 281–285, 282f, 282t

adjuvant therapies 285

neoadjuvant therapy 285

palliation 284–285

resection 281–284

Pancreatic duct

ﬁstula 253 obstruction 244 stricture 246, 257

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) 140 Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) 277 Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs) 295–299

clinical presentation 295 investigations 295–297

biochemical 295

radiology 295–297, 297f

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs) (Continued)

metastatic disease 299 pathology/outcome 299 treatment 296t, 297–298, 298f

Pancreatic trauma 318–322

classiﬁcation 319, 319f, 319t, 320f complications 321–322 diagnosis 318–319, 318f management

initial 320 operative 320–321

mechanisms of injury 318

Pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma 44–50

computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance

imaging (MRI) 45, 45f

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

(ERCP) 45–46 endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) 46 laparoscopy/laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) 46–47, 47f positron emission tomography (PET) 46 resectability, staging/assessment 47–50, 47t, 48t,

49t, 50f transabdominal ultrasound 44–45

Pancreatico-duodenectomy 268, 283 Pancreatico-jejunostomy, longitudinal 268 Pancreatitis

acute see Acute pancreatitis chronic see Chronic pancreatitis (CP)

Parasitic infestation, jaundice 211–212 Partington–Rochelle procedure 268–269 Percutaneous biliary drainage 228 Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) 97, 98 Percutaneous local ablative therapy 97–98

advantages/disadvantages 97–98 contraindications 98 indications 98 methods 98 technique 97

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) 178,

206–207, 222

Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma 52, 52t Photodynamic therapy 228 Pneumococcus 284 POCHER study 122 Polycystic liver disease (PCLD) 74–75, 74f

clinical presentation 74, 75f management 74–75

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 124 Porcelain gallbladder 233 Portal hypertension 146–163

acute pancreatitis 256–257 aetiology/pathophysiology 146–147, 147t ascites, management 157–158 Budd–Chiari syndrome 146–147,

158–159

acute 158–159

chronic 159 imaging 148 natural history 147–148, 148b, 148t non-cirrhotic 157, 159–160

portal vein thrombosis 159–160

segmental 159 pharmacological therapy 149–154

gastric varices 152–154

oesophageal varices 149–152, 149t

portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) 154

335

Index

Portal hypertension (Continued)

presentation 148, 149t second-line therapies 154–157

selection 157 surgical options 155–157, 156f transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)

154–155, 157, 159–160 splenectomy 168 varices, management 148–149

Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) 154 Portal pedicle 28 Portal vein embolisation (PVE) 11–12, 12f, 93–94,

116 technique 12, 12f

Portal veins

anatomy 24–26, 24f, 25f invasion, macroscopic 100 thrombosis 159

Porto-enterostomy (Kasai’s operation) 196, 208 positron emission tomography (PET)

colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) 40–41, 40f, 110f,

112, 112f, 113f, 114f, 115f hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 89 pancreatic/periampullary carcinoma 46 proximal bile duct tumours 51

Preoperative clinical T staging system 52–53, 53t Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) 83 Primary malignant tumours, liver 80–108

angiosarcoma 104–105 epithelioid haemangioendothelioma (EHE)

103–104 ﬁbrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) 100 lymphoma 105 see also Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); Intrahepatic

cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) 212–213, 219

aetiology 212 investigation 212–213 malignancy 213 management 213 presentation 212

Prometheus system 13 Protein metabolism 3 Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) 154, 296t Proximal bile duct tumours 50–53

computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance

imaging (MRI) 50–51 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

(ERCP) 51 laparoscopy/laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) 51 positron emission tomography (PET) 51 resectability, staging/assessment 52–53, 52t, 53f, 53t transabdominal ultrasound 50

Pseudocysts 252–253

acute, deﬁned 245b endoscopic drainage 252 percutaneous drainage 252 surgical drainage 252–253

Pseudotumours, hepatic 68 Pylorus-preserving pancreatico-duodenectomy (PPPDR)

283–284

Pyogenic liver abscess 70

Quality of life, biliary injury 209

Radiation therapy 228 Radical antegrade modular pancreato-splenectomy

(RAMPS) 36 Radioembolisation 99 Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) 41, 125

gastric adenocarcinoma 140 liver tumours 97, 98 neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) 135–136

non-colorectal hepatic metastases 134 Radioisotope scanning 177–178 Remnant liver volume (RLV) 93–94 Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) 138–139 Replaced arteries 21–22

deﬁned 21 Retropancreatic fat 36 Right anterior sectional bile duct (RASBD)

22, 22f, 23f Right hepatic duct 22 Right posterior sectional bile duct (RPSBD)

22, 22f, 23f

Schistosomiasis 146–147 Selective internal radiation treatment (SIRT) 125 Sengstaken–Blakemore tube 152–154 Sepsis, postsplenectomy 164–165 Serous cystadenoma (SCA) 298f, 299–301 Severe acute pancreatitis, deﬁned 245b Shunts, portal systemic 155–157, 156f Sickle cell anaemia 167 Small-bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) 140 Smoking 275–276 Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract (SSAT),

Patient Care Guidelines 165–166, 166b Somatostatin 134, 296t, 297–298 Somatostatinoma 296t Sorafenib 99 Sphincter manometric abnormalities 247 Splenectomy 164–173

complications 171 elective indications 166–168 postsplenectomy sepsis 164–165, 165b preparation 168 technique 168–171

laparoscopic 169–171, 169f, 170f open 168–169

trauma 165–166, 165t, 166b Splenic artery 36–37, 164 Splenic vein 164

thrombosis 147 Stem cell therapy 14 Stenosis, common bile duct (CBD) 271 Stent insertion 188–189, 188f Strasberg classiﬁcation, biliary complications

201, 202f Streptococcus viridans 221 Sunitinib 134 Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) 31, 34–35, 36–37 Superior mesenteric vein (SMV) 35, 36–37 Surface anatomy, liver 30 Systemic inﬂammatory response syndrome,

deﬁned 245b

336

Index

Teardrop sign 49–50 Terlipressin 152–154 Testicular cancer 140–141 Thallassaemias 167 TissueLink dissecting sealer 117 TNM staging system (AJCC)

ampullary carcinoma 48t cholangiocarcinoma 49t exocrine/endocrine tumours 47t gallbladder cancer 234, 234t, 235t hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 43–44, 43t hilar cholangiocarcinoma 52, 52t liver tumours 91t, 101 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs) 299 primary liver cancers 231

trauma 281, 282t Todani classiﬁcation, modiﬁed 197, 198f Transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS) Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) 96–97, 98, 99,

99b, 100, 134, 135–136, 138 chronic liver disease 99, 100 contraindications 96 drug-eluting beads for (DEB-TACE) 124 efﬁcacy 96–97 monitoring 96, 97f morbidity/mortality 96 technique 96

Transarterial embolisation (TAE) 134, 135–136 Transection technique 117 Transhepatic stone retrieval 190 Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS)

ascites 158 Budd–Chiari syndrome 158, 159 portal hypertension 146, 152, 154–155, 157,

159–160 vs portal systemic shunts 155–157

Transplantation see Liver transplantation (LT) Trauma

acute pancreatitis 246 biliary tract see Extrahepatic biliary tract trauma liver see Liver trauma pancreatic see Pancreatic trauma

Trematodes 211–212 TRIBE trial 122 T-stage system, hilar cholangiocarcinoma 223–224,

224b, 224t

Tumours

adrenocortical 141 ampulla/pancreas 246 benign, classiﬁcation 60b benign liver 68–69 bile duct see Proximal bile duct tumours carcinoid 296t cystic 298f, 299–301 endocrine 47t exocrine 47t

Tumours (Continued)

gallbladder 236 gastrointestinal stromal (GISTs) 136–137 Klatskin classiﬁcation 53f liver see Primary malignant tumours, liver neuroendocrine (NETs) 132, 134–136, 135f, 136f pancreatic. see entries beginning Pancreatic pseudotumours 68

Ultrasound (US)

acute pancreatitis 248 duplex 222, 222f endoscopic see Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) laparoscopic see Laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS)

transabdominal 50 Umbilical vein (UV) 26–27, 26f Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) staging

system 43t, 44

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract outﬂow obstruction

284–285 Urea synthesis 6–7 Urothelial cancer 141 Ursodeoxycholate (UDCA) 179

Variceal band ligation (VBL) 150 Variceal haemorrhage 149–152, 151f, 153f, 155 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 120

receptors 99 Vascular injury, biliary repair 206, 206f, 207f Veno-occlusive disease 146–147 Verner–Morrison syndrome, PNETs 296t Video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement (VARD)

technique 255–256 VIPoma 296t Virchow’s node 278 Volvulus 168 Von Hippel–Lindau syndrome 298f, 299 V-shaped incision 269–270, 269f

Whipple procedure 283 Whipple’s triad syndrome 296t World Health Organization 90

Yttrium-90 (Y-90) 125

Zollinger–Ellison syndrome 296t

337

<<< < Предыдущая 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 3435 / 3535

Соседние файлы в папке Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана

#
31.08.202628 Мб0Книга_986_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
#
31.08.202627 Мб0Книга_987_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
#
30.08.202657 Мб0Книга_99_библиотеки_им_акад_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
#
31.08.202627 Мб0Книга_990_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
#
31.08.202627 Мб0Книга_991_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
#
31.08.202627 Мб0Книга_992_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
#
31.08.202627 Мб0Книга_993_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
#
31.08.202626 Мб0Книга_994_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
#
31.08.202626 Мб0Книга_996_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
#
31.08.202626 Мб0Книга_997_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
#
31.08.202626 Мб0Книга_998_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf