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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_987_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
Index
287
Heart disease, 246–249
Hematoma, 75
Hemithyroidectomy, 41
Hereditary MTC, 56
Hereditary syndromes, 25
High intensity focused ultrasound, 95
High-yield guidelines, 280–281
Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCTC), 45, 265
Hydrochloric acid (HCL), 241
Hypercalcemia, 139
Hypercalcemic crisis, 134
Hyperchromasia, 194
Hypercortisolism
adrenal cortex anatomy, 174
biochemical diagnosis, 175
clinical presentation, 174–175
diagnostic workup, 176
differential diagnosis, 175
ndings, 174
imaging, 177
medical management, 177–178
perioperative management, 179
physical exam, 174
physiology, 174
sequelae of, 174
surgical management, 178–179
symptoms, 174
Hypergastrinemia, 241
Hyperparathyroidism, 261
Hyperthyroidism
history, 21
imaging, 22
laboratory tests, 22
physical examination, 21–22
surgical complications, 24
treatment, 22–23
type of operation, 23
Hypocalcemia, 74, 85
Hypoparathyroidism, 73, 74
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
feedback loop, 162
Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT), 17
I
Insulinomas, 222–223
Intersectionality, 267
Interventional endocrinology
complications, 98–99
indications, 96–98
outcomes, 98
techniques, 94–96
Intestinal neuroendocrine tumors, 226–227
Intraoperative laryngeal nerve monitoring, 72
Intraoperative parathyroid gland, 72
Intra-operative parathyroid hormone
monitoring protocols, 148
Intraoperative PTH monitoring, 4, 130
Iodine, 16
Iodine deciency, 19
Iodothyronine deiodinase, 17
L
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy, 178
Laparoscopic transabdominal
adrenalectomy, 208
Laparoscopic transabdominal approach, 208
Large adrenal tumors, 213, 214
Large right pheochromocytoma, 192
Laryngeal nerve injury, 73
Laser ablation, 95
Lateral neck dissection (LND), 78
anatomy, 86
biopsy, 85
complex situations, 89
complications, 89
equipment, 86
local recurrence of, 85
management of, 89
technique, 86–88
Left adrenal tumor, 215
Li-Fraumeni syndrome, 258
Liver metastases, 245
Long-term hypercalcemia, 139
Lymphadenectomy, 51
Lymphatic drainage, 231
Lymphorrhea, 75
M
MALT lymphoma, 67
Medical students, 277, 279
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), 85
behavior, 54
clinical characteristics of, 54
denition, 53
diagnosis, 56
epidemiology, 54
history, 55
imaging studies, 56
laboratory studies, 55
pathogenesis, 54
physical exam, 55
post-operative management, 57
staging of, 58
288
Index
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) (cont.)
surveillance and management of, 58–59
treatment, 57
Metanephrines, 190, 191, 194
Metastatic disease, 51, 138, 194
diagnosis, 65
epidemiology, 65
treatment, 65
Microwave ablation, 95
Mineralocorticoids, 155
Minimally invasive adrenalectomy, 192
anatomy, 205
complications, 210–211
CT image, 207
diseases of adrenal gland, 205–208
Minimally invasive
parathyroidectomy, 145–146
Modied radical neck dissection
(MRND), 85–86
Molecular testing, 29
Monoiodotyrosine (MIT), 16
Multigland disease (MGD), 115
Multinodular goiter (MNG), 26, 36, 37, 39
Multiple bilateral pheochromocytomas, 193
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)
syndromes, 25, 54, 111
Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1
(MEN 1), 242, 255–256
Musculoskeletal system, 18
Myxedema, 2
N
Nerve injury, 84
Nerve monitoring, 72
Nervous system, 18
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), 221, 249
Neurobromatosis type 1 (NF1), 258
Nodal disease, 86
Nodulectomy, 69
Non-functional pNET, 224
Non-recurrent laryngeal nerve, 15
Norepinephrine (NE), 155
Nuclear pleomorphism, 194
O
Online MedEd, 279
Online resources, 278–279
Online tools, 280–281
Open adrenalectomy, 179
anatomy, 213–216
complications, 218
outcomes, 218
Open book technique, 217
Open left adrenalectomy technique, 216–218
Open right adrenalectomy technique, 216
Open transabdominal adrenalectomy, 200
Organication, 16
P
Pancreas, 230
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
(PNETs), 222–225
anatomy, 229–231
complications, 237–238
distal pancreatectomy, 233
enucleation, 232
gastrinomas, 234–235
glucagonomas, 236–237
management, 233–237
somatostatinomas, 237
surgical planning, 229–231
surgical techniques, 231–233
VIPomas, 235–236
Whipple procedure, 232–233
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), 45
Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, 50
Paraganglioma syndromes, 259
Parathyroid, 3–4
Parathyroid cancer
adjuvant radiation, 138
aggressive disease progression, 139
clinical and laboratory features, 134
clinical presentation, 134–135
diagnosis, 135
epidemiology, 133
etiology, 134
pathogenesis, 134
post-operatively diagnosed, 136
recurrent disease, 137–138
surgical management, 136–138
Parathyroid embryology, 104
Parathyroid glands, 105
anatomy, 104–107
blood supply, 106
embryology, 103–104
gross appearance, 107
histology, 107
location, 105–106
physiologic effect of, 108
physiology, 107–109
relative location of, 106
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 107, 108, 133
Parathyroid identication techniques, 73
Index
289
Parathyroid imaging, 145
Parathyroid reimplantation, 146
Parathyroid scintigraphy, 116
Parathyroidectomy, 128
complications, 150–151
cryopreservation, 149–150
uorescence, 149
frozen section, 147–148
parathyroid aspiration, 148
parathyroid hormone monitoring, 147
radioguidance, 148–149
steps of, 144–145
techniques, 144–147
Patient-centered communication, 269
Persistent hyperparathyroidism, 261
Pheochromocytoma, 206, 207, 210
Pheochromocytomas and
paragangliomas (PPGL)
biochemical diagnosis, 190–191
follow up, 194
genetics, 189–190
imaging, 191–192
pathology, 193–194
preoperative preparation, 192
presentation, 190
surgical treatment, 192–193
pNET localization, 224
Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma
(PDTC), 45
Positron emission tomography (PET), 201
Primary colon neuroendocrine tumors, 249
Primary hyperaldosteronism (PA), 206
adrenal vein sampling, 184–185
classical and non-classical indications, 184
conrmatory biochemistry, 183–184
epidemiology, 183
imaging, 184–185
management, 185–186
physiology, 181–183
screening, 183–184
surveillance, 186
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), 143,
144, 256
causes of, 112
clinical presentation, 111–113
diagnostic evaluation, 113
differential diagnosis, 114
genetic testing, 114–115
indications for surgery, 117
non-operative management, 119
operative approach, 118
post-operative outcomes and
management, 119
preoperative management, 117–118
radiographic appearance of, 113
signs and symptoms of, 112
Print resources, 281
Prophylactic central neck dissection
(pCND), 79
Prophylactic thyroidectomy, 257
Proteus-like syndrome, 258
PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, 25
PTEN-related Proteus syndrome, 258
R
Radical neck dissection, 78
Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU), 39
Radiofrequency ablation, 94
Radioguided parathyroidectomy, 149
Recurrent hyperparathyroidism, 261
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), 2, 14
Remote access parathyroidectomy, 146–147
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS), 181
Re-operative neck dissection, 265
Re-operative parathyroidectomy, 147, 264
Re-operative parathyroid surgery, 261–264
Re-operative thyroidectomy, 265
Resectability, 244
Retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy, 208–210
Retrosternal goiter, 42
Retrosternal thyroid goiter, 36
Review books, 277–278
Right adrenal tumor, 214
S
Secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism,
143, 144
etiologies of, 124
imaging, 127
intraoperative PTH monitoring, 130
laboratory tests, 126–127
medical management, 127
parathyroidectomy, 128
perioperative management, 128–129
physiology of, 125
postoperative outcomes, 130–131
subtotal parathyroidectomy, 129
total parathyroidectomy, 129
transcervical thymectomy, 130
Sestamibi scan, 262
Sestamibi-single photon emission computed
tomography (SPECT)
scintigraphy, 115
290
Index
Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors
(SI-NETs), 244–246
Somatostatinomas, 223, 237
Steroidogenesis inhibition, 177
Subacute thyroiditis, 21
Substernal goiter, 26
Subtotal parathyroidectomy, 129, 146
Superior laryngeal nerve, 15
Surgery textbooks, 278
Surgical disparities
post-operative care, 271–272
Systemic chemotherapy, 64
T
Targeted therapy, 139
Thermal ablation, 94–96
Thyroglobulin (TG), 16
Thyroid B-cell lymphoma, 67
Thyroid cancer, 25, 80
Thyroid function tests (TSH), 55
Thyroid gland, 11–13, 15, 16, 18
anatomy, 12
thyroid cell types, 15
thyroid hormone, 15
Thyroid hormone, 12, 15–18
action of, 17
surgical diseases of, 18–19
Thyroid isthmus, 70
Thyroid lobectomy, 69, 93
Thyroid lymphoma
diagnosis, 66
epidemiology, 66
history, 66
imaging/staging, 66–67
physical exam, 66
treatment, 67
Thyroid nodules, 40
history, 25
imaging, 26
laboratory tests, 26
physical exam, 25–26
sonographic patterns of, 27
TI-RADS scoring system, 28
treatment algorithm for, 32
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), 37
Thyroidectomy, 23
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 17
Thyroxine (T4), 15
TI-RADS scoring system, 28
Total parathyroidectomy, 129
Total thyroidectomy, 42, 50, 71, 93
Toxic adenoma (TA), 21
Toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG), 21
Toxic thyroid nodule, 19
Tracheoesophageal groove, 71
Transcervical thymectomy, 130
Triiodothyronine (T3), 16
Trousseau’s sign, 3
Turcot syndrome, 258
Type 1 G-NETs, 241
Type 2 G-NETs, 242, 243
Type 3 G-NETs, 243
U
Unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, 73
Unresectable SI-NET, 246
Urologic system, 18
V
Vascular injury, 84
Video resources, 280–282
VIPomas, 224, 235–236
Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL), 259
W
Whipple procedure, 232–233
Z
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 223
Zollinger's Atlas of Surgical Operations, 281
Zona fasciculata, 159
Zona glomerulosa, 159
Zona reticularis, 161