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392 Index
https://t.me/med1917
Bull, S.D., 118 Burkholderia sp., 294 Burnett, D.A, 64, 66
C3-aminothiazoleoxime, 14 C3 heteroatom-substituted β-lactams, 62 C3 unsaturated and saturated β-lactams, 64 C4-dicarboethoxy β-lactams, 171 Cainelli, G., 69 Candida species, 318 Carbacephalsporin, 91 Carbamate salt, 90 Carbapenem antibiotics, 92 Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CREs), 43, 46 Carbapenems, 55, 337, 363 Carbapenem β-lactams, 105 Carbene insertion, 107 Carbenes, 81 Carbenicillin, 23 Carbenoid insertion, 81 Carbohydrate derivative, 88 Carbonic anhydrase, 317 Carbonyl compounds, 338 Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone, 11 Carboxypenicillins, 23 Carboxypeptidase, 317 4-[(4 -(car boxyp henyl )-oxy )]-3, 3-die thyl-
1-[[(phenylmethyl)am ino]carbon yl]-2­azetidinones, 60
Carboxy-substitute d β-lactams, 64 Carene, 113, 116 Carr, M., 72 Cassia auriculata, 318 Catalytic method, 89, 120 Cathelicidin LL-37, 321 Cavitation, 163 C. diversus, 12 Cefacetrile, 29 Cefaclor, 30, 39 Cefadroxil, 29 Cefalexin, 29 Cefaloglycin, 29 Cefalonium, 29 Cefaloridine, 29 Cefalotin, 29 Cefa-mandole cefmetazole, 30 Cefapir in, 29 Cefatrizine, 29 Cefa zaur, 29 Cefazedone, 29 Cefazolin, 29 Cefbuperazone, 30 Cefcapene, 31 Cefclidine, 34 Cefdaloxime, 31 Cefdinir, 31, 272 Cefditoren, 31 Cefepime, 34, 324 Cefetamet, 31 Cederocol, 34 Cexime, 31
Ceuprenam, 34 Cefmenoxime, 31 Cefminox, 30 Cefodizime, 31 Cefonicid, 30 Cefoperazone, 31 Cefoselis, 34 Cefotaxime, 31, 318 Cefotiam, 31 Cefovecin, 31 Cefozopran, 34 Cefpimizole, 31 Cefpirome, 34 Cefpodoxime, 31 Cefprozil, 30 Cefquinome, 34 Cefradine, 29 Cefroxadine, 29 Ceftaroline, 270, 278 Ceftazidime, 31, 293 Cefteram, 31 Ceftezole, 29 Ceftibuten, 31 Ceftiofur, 31 Ceftiolene, 31 Ceftizoxime, 31 Ceftolozane, 275, 276 Ceftriaxone, 31 Cefuroxime, 30, 272, 318 Cefuzonam, 30 Cellulitis, 19 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 363 Cephalexin, 313 Cephaloridine, 4 Cephalosporin, 1, 55, 269, 323, 337, 345, 347, 363, 382 Cephalosporium, see cephalosporin Cephamycins, cephems, see Cephalosporin Cervellati, R., 61 Chemiluminescence, 321 Chemotherapy, 348 Chimento, A., 70 C-H insertion reactions, 57 Chiral amino alcohol, 95 Chiral amino ketenes, 10 8 Chiral bis β-lactams, 105 Chiral imines, 83 Chiral ketenes, 99, 109 Chiral ligands, 103 Chiral organoboranes, 103 Chiral propionates, 96 Chitosan-cobalt ion (CSNP-Co2+), 324 Chitosan-copper ion (CSNP-Cu2+), 324 Chitosan derivative, 323 Chloramphenicol, 4, 308, 318, 363 4-[3- Chlor o-4-s ubsti tuted pheny l-2-o xo-az etidi n-1-y
l] benzoic acids, 70 Chlorocardicin, 15, 16 Chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI), 210 Chmielewski, M., 80 Cholesterol absorption (CAIs), 55, 64, 195, 207, 208 Chromobacterium, 2, 293
393 Index
https://t.me/med1917
Chrysene group, 338, 348, 351 Cilastatin, 284 Ciprooxacin, 310, 313, 372 3,4-cis-Disubstituted pyrrolidines and piperidines,
260, 261 Cisplatin, 350 cis-Stereochemistry, 343, 348 3,4-cis-β-lactam, 90
Citrobacter, 6
C. freundii, 316
Clader, J.W., 64 Clavaminate synthase, 40 Clavamine, 85 Clavulanic acid, 40, 55 Clemente, A., 63 Clindamycin, 363 Clostridium difcile, 19, 23, 376, 382 Cloxacillin, 19, 279 Colvin, E.W., 80 Convolutional neural network (CNN), 373, 375 Convulsions, 18 Copper nanoparticle (CuNP), 308, 313 Cordero, F.M., 81 Cossio, F.P., 224, 225, 234 Co-trimoxazole, 316 Cryptophycins, 338 Cyclic oligosaccharides, 329 Cyclic peptides, 2 51, 252 Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), 375 Cyclization in enediynes, 262, 263 Cycloaddition reaction, 229 Cyclodext rins, 322, 329, 377 Cyclopropane, 98 Cystic brosis (CF), 306 Cytochrome P-450 enzymes, 21
D-Ala-D-Ala, 28, 270, 271 Dalfopristin, 363 Daptomyci n, 363 D-Cycloserine, 16 Dean–Stark water separator, 134 Debye (D), 339, 345 Decision system (DS), 366 Deep learning (DL), 364, 373 Deep neural network (DNN), 367 Deglycosylation, 168 Dehydrogenase alcohol, 317 Dehydropeptidase (DHP), 284 De Kimpe, N., 111 Del Buttero, P., 110 δ-lactone proline derivatives, 247 Dendrimers, 322, 329 Densely substituted γ-lactams., 259, 260 Density functional theory (DFT), 352, 353 Deziel, R., 61 D-Glucosamine, 88 Dialkylhydrazones, 107 1,4-Diaryl-substit uted 3-acetoxy/hydroxy-2-
azetidinones, 66 1,4-Diaryl-substituted 3-hydroxy/amino-azetidin-2-ones,
66, 67
Diastereomers, 138 Diastereoselective asymmetric synthesis, 67 1,4-Diazabicyclo[4,3,0]nonanes, 256 2-Diazo-1,2-diarylethanone-generated ketene, 70 3,3-Dichloro-β-lactams, 72 Dicloxacillin, 19, 20 Dielectric materials, 162 Diels–Alder-type reaction, 208 Dihyd ro-1, 4-oxa zines /pyra zine- 2,3-d iones , 254, 255 Dihydrophenanthrenyl imines, 135 3-Dihydropyridone siderophore, 294 Dihydrothiazine, 2, 290 2,4-Dimethoxybenzylamine, 84 2,5-Dimethoxytetrahydrofuran, 150 Dimethyl sulfoxide, 4 Diphenylcyclopropenone (DPP), 260 Dipole moments
α-hydroxy and α-acetoxy-β-lactam derivatives,
341–344 chemical geometries, 341, 342 compound 3 and compound 4 synthesis, 341, 342 dipole moment values, 343
penicillins and related β-lactam antibiotics, 344–347
chemical geometries of penicillin G isomers,
345, 347 chemical geometries of the four derivatives,
345, 346 dipole moment values, 345, 347
polyaromatic cytotoxic β-lactams, 348–357
β-lactam structure, 348, 349 DFT calculation, 354 dipole moment values, 352 –354 electrostatic potential map, 355, 356 local ionization potential map, 356 LUMO map, 357 quantum parameters, 355 structural and physicochemical properties, 354, 355 theoretical calculation, 351 vitro cytotoxicity, 349, 352, 353
Schiff bases, precursors for β-lactams, 338–340
Disk diffusion method, 318 Disubstituted alkene, 262 3,4-Disubstituted and 1,3,4-trisubstituted β-lactams, 70 3,4-Disubstituted beta-lactams, 197, 198 3,4-Disubstituted β-lactams, 68 Dithiolane, 90 Docetaxel, 338 Dolence, E.K., 69 Doripenem, 38, 284, 287 Doyle, T.W., 234 Drazic, T., 69 Drug development process, 373 Drug provocation tests (DPTs), 382, 383 D-Threonine, 88
E. aerogenes, 12 E. coli, 6, 12, 31, 282, 305, 311–313, 365, 379
E-enolate, 165 E. faecalis, 278, 294 Eight α-hydroxy-beta-lactams, 344 E-imines, 340
394 Index
https://t.me/med1917
Electric dipole moment, 337 Electromagnetic radiation, 178 Electron localization function (ELF), 237 Electrophilic addition, 261 Enaminones, 245, 246 Enantiopure 3-amino β-lactams, 184 Encapsulating cefazolin, 326 Endometritis, 5 Enediyne-fused, 262, 264 Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), 313 Energy minimization method, 339 Energy of highest occupied molecular orbital (E HOMO),
354, 357
Energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (E LUMO),
354, 357 Enolate-imine condensation, 82 Enolate-imine method, 99 Enolate method, 102 Enolates-imines method, 82 Enones, 183–185 Enterobacter, 6, 12 Enterobacteriaceae, 12, 279, 287, 323, 376 Enterobacter sp., 279 Enterococcus, 382 Ephedrine derivative, 88 Epicillin, 23, 24 6-Epi-lincosamide, 83 Epoxides, 92 Ertapenem, 38, 284, 285, 287 Erythromycin, 308, 363 E-Schiff base, 231 Ester enolate-imine condensation, 57 Ester-enolate reaction, 98 Euphorbiaceae, 309 Evans, D.A., 89, 90 Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), 28, 273, 275,
320, 365, 381
F. alginoliquefaciens, 16 Fatty acids, 135 Feledziak, M., 63 Felkin-Ahn model, 101 Ferrier rear rangement, 138, 141, 144, 16 4 Ferrocene aldehyde, 182 Ferrocene derivatives, 108 4-Ferrocenyl-β-lactams, 108 Five-membered lactones Conversion, 251, 252 Flavobacterium sp., 31 Fleming, Alexander, 17, 278 Flexibacter, 2, 293 Flopen, 20 Floxapen, 20 Flubex, 20 Flucloxacillin, 19, 20 Fluoroquinolone, 363 Flupen, 20 Food and Dr ug Administration, 19 Formadicins, 16 4-Formyl-1-haloalkyl-β-lactams, 111 Fosfomycin, 318, 363 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 308, 313
Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI), 307, 320 Fu, G.C., 102 Fujita, T., 116 Functionalized 3,3-diuoro-β-lactams, 72 Functionalized mannitol, 10 8 Fungi, 4
Galletti, P., 63 Gallic acid-derived 2-azetidinones, 58, 59 Galvez, J.A., 93 γ-Lactam, 247, 248, 254, 255 Garud, D.R., 117 Gastrointestinal tract, 6 Gawande, S.K., 58 4-Gem-dimethyl substitution, 294 Gentamicin, 310 Gerona-Navarro, G., 63 Glaxo 4α-methoxy-tribactam, 42 Gluconobacter, 2, 293 Glutamine synthetase (GS), 9–11 Glutarimides, 258 Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme, 70 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, 40 Glycerol, 176 Glycopeptides, 363 Glycosylation method, 141 Glycosylation process, 138 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), 313 González-Muñiz, R., 10 6, 115 Gowri, M., 70 Gradient-boosted decision tree (GBDT), 372 Gram-negative bacteria, 5, 25, 270, 308, 344, 380 Gram-negative group, 3 Gram-positive bacteria, 6, 14, 270, 308, 344 Gram-positive group, 3 Grande, M, 104 Graph convolutional networks (GCNs), 375 Green, B.G., 60 Green nanotechnology methods, 314 Grignard reagent, 10 2 Group of phenyls, 348, 351 3-(3-Guanidinopropyl)azetidin-2-ones, 73 Guanti, G., 95 Guerrini, A., 114 Guiry, P.J., 111 Guner, V., 72
Haemophilus, 6, 12 Halve, A.K., 58, 59 Harsha, Y.P., 69 Hart, B.P., 105 Hartree–Fock (HF) theory method, 351–353 HeLa cancer cells, 318 Herdewijn, P., 118 Hetacillin, 23, 24 Hetacillinx, 23 Heteroaromatic amino compounds, 134 Heterocycles, 87 Hierarchical multitask deep learning method, 372, 373 Highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), 228 High-resolution TEM (HR-TEM), 320
395 Index
https://t.me/med1917
High-throughput screening (HTS), 205 H. inuenzae, 12 HMD-ARG, see Hierarchical multitask deep learning
method Human blood cancer cells (HL-60), 352 Human breast cancer cells (MDA-231), 352 Human colon cancer cells (HT-29), 352 Human fatty acid amide hydrolase (hFAAH) inhibition, 63 Human leucocyte elastase (HLE), 55, 60, 63, 266 Human melanoma cells (BRO), 352 Human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3), 352 Human prostate cancer cells (PC-3), 352 Human renal dehydropeptidase (DHP), 284 Hydoxy-controlled stereoselective synthesis, 89 Hydrazones, 107 Hydrocarbon solvents, 186 Hydrogenation, 93, 108, 138 Hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs), 354, 357 Hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), 354, 357 Hydrogen bonding, 133 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 317 2-Hydroxy-5-phenylbenzaldehyde, 69
β-Hydroxy amides, 81 β-Hydroxy amides and β-formyl amides, 245
3-Hydroxy carbacephem, 90 (6R)-Hydroxyethyl side chain, 17 1’-Hydroxyl group, 66 8-Hydroxylquinoline-substituted 3-chloro-β-lactams, 69 4-Hydroxymethyl β-lactams, 175 Hydroxy β-lactams, 87, 135, 139 Hypercholesterolemia, 2 Hypokalemia, 21
Ikota, N., 90 Imines, 338 Imipenem, 38, 39, 284 Impetigo, 19 Indium-induced reduction, 134 Indolizidines, 247, 248, 338 Indolyl pyrimidine, 345 Induced dipoles, 337 Instantaneous dipoles, 337 Intermolecular ester-enolate reaction, 120 Interstitial nephritis, 20 Intra-abdominal infections, 5 in vitro antibacterial test, 58 Iodine-catalyzed glycosylation, 138, 140 Ionic gelation method, 324 Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), 321 Isobornyl 2-alkyl derivatives, 93 Isobornyl cyanopropenoate, 94 Isochromans., 258, 259 Isocyanate-alkene cycloadditions, 57 Isosorbide, 112 Isoxazole group, 345
Jarrahpour, A., 67, 68
K-562, see human blood cancer cells Kanamycin, 4, 308 Ketene-imine cycloaddition reaction, 57
Ketene-imine mechanism, 208 Ketimines, 338 4-Keto-β-lactam, 80 Kinugasa reaction, 239, 265 Kirkup, M. P., 66
Klebsiella, 6 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 317, 326, 367, 372
Koneva, E.A., 116
Lactivicin, 44 Lact-Pred, 380 L-amino acids, 16 Lankacidins, 338 L-arginine, 40 La Rosa, C., 109, 117 Lassaletta, J.M., 107 Least unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), 228 Lectka, T., 100 Lefamulin, 363 L-(-)-glyceraldehyde, 84 L-homoserine, 3 Lignin, 329 Linezolid, 363 1,4-Linked glucopyranose, 329 Lipoamino acid-coated IONs (LION14), 321, 322 Lipoglycopeptide, 363 Lipopeotides, 120 Liposomes, 322, 329 Liu, Y., 66 L-N5-hydroxyornithine, 4 Logistic regression (LR), 382 Long, T.E., 118 Lorabid, 40, 79 Loracarbef, 39, 40 Low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), 365 L-pHPG, 4 L-p-hydroxyphenylglycine (L-pHPG), 3 L-Serine, 3, 4 L-Tyrosine, 3 Luria–Bertani, 305 Luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LHRH)
antagonist, 55
Machine learning (ML), 364 Macrolides, 363 Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), 321 Malonates, 80 Mass transfer, 163 McKittrick, B. A., 61, 66 Mecillinam, 279 Meningitis, 284 Merck molecular force eld (MMFF), 352 Meropenem, 38, 39, 284, 287, 326 Merrield resin-bound imine, 196 Metal-catalyzed carbonylation, 57 Metallo-carbapenemases, 273 Metal-mediated reactions, 112 Metal vapor synthesis (MVS) technique, 213–214 Metampicillin, 23, 24 Methanesulfonic acid, 108 Methanolysis, 98
396 Index
https://t.me/med1917
Methicillin, 19, 21, 279, 316 Methicillin (USAN), 20 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 19,
31, 279, 367 4-Methoxycarbonyl-3-vinyl-2-azetidinons, 247 6-Methoxy penicillin, 25 4-Methoxy-tribactam, 42 5-Methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group, 345 Metronidazole, 363 Mezlocillin, 25, 26 Micelles, 322 Microwave-induced synthesis, 117
applications of, 162 aromatic rings, 177–178 benets of, 162 and conventional heating, 162 ferrocenyl β-lactams, 182 –183 heating methods, 161 hydrogenation, 178 –181 indium metal, 181 intramolecular oxa-Michael reaction, 172 –174 microwave-induced bismuth nitrate-catalyzed Michael
reaction, 183–185
microwave-induced enzymatic reactions on, 176 –177 polycyclic β-lactams, 175, 181–182 principles of, 161–162 pyrrole-fused beta-lactams, 171–172 tan δ and dipole moments in, 185 –187 thiena myci n β-lactam, 164 –167
Microwave irradiation method, 58 Microwave-mediated reactions, 2 Miller, M. J., 68 Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 6, 59, 307,
271, 367 MinION, 369 Modied neglect of differential overlap (MNDO), 348, 351 Moller–Plesset (MP), 352, 353 Monobactams, 12, 55, 114, 363 Monocarbams, 16 Monocyclic 2-azetidinone derivatives, 70 Monocyclic 3,3-dialkyl-β-lactams, 60 Monocyclic 4-alkylidene-2-azetidinones, 69 Monocyclic azetidin-2-one derivatives, 69 Monocyclic beta-lactams, 2, 290 Monocyclic N-methylthio-β-lactams, 62 Monocyclic β-lactams, 63
1,4-diaryl-substituted 3-hydroxy/amino-azetidin-2-
ones, 67
1’-hydroxyl group, 66 2-azetidinone derivatives, 66 2-azetidinones, 63 2-diazo-1,2-diarylethanone-generated ketene, 70 2-hydroxy-5-phenylbenzaldehyde, 69 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl ring, 60 3,4-disubstituted and 1,3,4-trisubstituted β-lactams, 70 3,4-disubstituted β-lactams, 68 3-(3-guanidinopropyl)azetidin-2-ones, 73 3-acylamino-β-lactams, 67 3-Allyloxy/propyloxy-β-lactams, 60 3-amino-β-lactam derivatives, 68 4-[3- chlor o-4-s ubsti tuted pheny l-2-o xo-az etidi
n-1-y l] benzoic acids, 70
4-alkylidene-β-lactam derivatives, 69 4-aminobenzoic acid-derived β-lactams, 70 8-hydroxylquinoline-substituted 3-chloro-β-
lactams, 69 antibacterial activity, 58, 63, 68 anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) activity, 63 aromatic hydroxylation and benzylic oxidation, 64 benzylazetidin-2-one analogue, 63 14 β-lactam derivatives, 66 C3 heteroatom-substituted β-lactams, 62 C3 unsaturated and saturated β-lactams, 64 diastereoselective asymmetric synthesis, 67 experimental conditions for, 73–74 functionalized 3,3-diuoro-β-lactams, 72 gallic acid-derived 2-azetidinones, 58 human fatty acid amide hydrolase (hFAAH)
inhibition, 63 human leukocyte elastase (HLE) inhibitor, 60, 63 microwave irradiation method, 58 monocyclic 2-azetidinone derivatives, 70 monocyclic 4-alkylidene-2-azetidinones, 69 monocyclic azetidin-2-one derivatives, 69 monocyclic N-methylthio-β-lactams, 62 N1 aromatic group, 64 N-polyaromatic-substituted 2-azetidinones, 66 N-polyaromatic-substituted β-lacta m derivatives, 66 N-thiolated β-lactam antibiotics, 60 N-thiolated β-lactams, 61 N-unsubstituted β-lactam thioethers, 63 phenyl alanine-derived 1-acyl-2-azetidinones, 63 prostate-specic antigens (PSAs), 63 radioiodinated β-lactam analogues, 66 structural modications, 66 structure–activity relationship, 72 sulfanil amide-derived heterocyclic compounds, 70
trans-β-lactam, 64 in vitro antibacterial test, 58
water-soluble CA4 analogues, 72
Monophosphams, 14, 15 Monosulfactam (2-oxoazetidine-1-oxysulfonates), 14 Monosulfactams, 15 Montmorillonite, 17 7
Moraxella catarrhalis, 12 Morganella, 12
Mukaiyama reagent, 108 Multi-component reactions, 57 Multidrug-resistant (MDR), 284, 311, 365 Mupirocin, 363
Mycobacterium sp., 4
M. tuberculosis, 270, 376
N1 aromatic group, 64 N1-aromatic/N1-heterocyclic substituted monocyclic
β-lactams, 16
N1-aza-substituted monocyclic β-lactams, 16 N1-O-sulfate group, 294 N1-oxy-substituted monocyclic β-lactams, 16 N1-sugar-substituted monocyclic β-lactams, 16 N1-sulfonic acid, 293 N1-sulfonyloxy- substituted monocyclic β-lactams, 16 N1-thio-substituted monocyclic β-lactams, 16 N1-unsubstituted monocyclic β-lactams, 16
397 Index
https://t.me/med1917
N2-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine (CEA) synthase, 40 N-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase (NAAA)
inhibition, 68 Nafcillin, 19, 21, 279 N-Alkylaminated chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), 323 Nano-antibiotics (NABs), 304 Nanocrystalline zinc oxide, 318 Nanoparticles (NPs), 304 Naphthalene group, 348 Naphthalenyl and indole systems, 230 Natural soil inhabitants, 292 N-benzyloxycarbonyl-N-benzyl-glycine, 107 N-chloroacetyl amino acid derivative, 106 N-chloroacetyl-Phe derivatives, 200 N-chrysenyl system, 138 N-dimethylephedrine, 95 Negaban, 25 Neglect of diatomic differential overlap (NDDO), 345,
348, 351 Neisseria sp., 3, 12, 293 Neural networks (NNs), 367 New Jersey Pine Bar rens, 293 N-formimidoyl group, 284
N-hydrazide/hydrazone-β-lactams, 59 N-hydroxy-β-amino ester, 98
N-iodosuccinimide, 141 Nitrofurantoin, 282, 363 Nitrone-alkyne cycloaddition, 57 Nitrones, 110 Nitzschia diatoms, 313, 314 N-methylmorpholine, 185 N-methylthiotetrazole (NMTT/1-MTT), 35 N,N-dialkylhydrazones, 107 Nocardicin, 16 Nocardicin A, 3, 4, 16 Nocardicin A-agarose, 3 Nocardicins, 3, 55 Nonprotein amino acids, 338 Nonribosomal peptides, 364 Norephedrine-derived oxazolidines, 92 Novartis, 39 N-phenanthrene, 138 N-polyaromatic-substituted 2-azetidinones, 66 N-polyaromatic-substituted β-lacta m derivatives, 66 N-salicylideneamines, 70 N-t-Boc-oxanorstatine methyl ester, 97 N-thiolated β-lactam antibiotics, 60 N-thiolated β-lactams, 61 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), 138, 16 6 Nucleophiles, 357 Nucleophilic catalysis process, 115 N-unsubstituted β-lactam thioethers, 63 N-urea-β-lactams, 60 Nyitrai J., 106
Octanol–water partition coefcient (Log P), 354, 357 O-Glycosides, 142 Ohtake, H., 98 Ojirna, I., 90, 139 Oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), 366 Oligopeptides, 338
Organocatalysis, 348 Otani, T., 116 O-t-butyld iphenylsilylhydroxylamine, 90, 92 Otitis externa, 19 Oxacephem moxalactam/latamoxef, 273 Oxacephems, 35–37 Oxacillin, 19, 20, 22, 279, 318, 345 1,3-Oxazin-6-ones, 246, 247 Oxazines, 251, 253 Oxazinone nitrone, 249 Oxazolidine, 2, 290 Oxazolidinones, 363 Oxazolidone, 90 4-Oxoazetidine-2-carbaldehydes, 101 Oxytetracycline, 318
Paclitaxel, 338 Palladium-catalyzed reaction., 82 Palomo, C., 97, 101 Pancreatoduodenectomy, 273 Parameterized method 7 (PM7), 377 Parametric model 3 (PM3), 341, 348 Parametric model 6 (PM6), 341, 348 Patel, R., 59 PBP2a , 278 Penicillin-binding protein-3, 6 Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), 1, 269, 270, 367 Penicillin G, 17 Penicillins, 1, 269, 313, 316, 337, 344, 345, 363
Penicillium sp.
P. chrysogenum, 18 P. ru be ns, 17
Peptidoglycans, 344 Peptidomimetics, 338 Permanent dipoles, 337 Petasis reaction, 206, 207 Phenanthrene group, 338, 348 Phenothiazines, 345 Phenoxymethylpenicillin, 18 , 278, 345 Phenylacetamido, 345 Phenyl alanine-derived 1-acyl-2-azetidinones, 63 Photochemistry, 80 Photophosphorylation, 9 Photothermolysis, 313 Phthalimido amino acid, 118 Phyco-nanotechnological approach, 314 Phylopen, 20 Piperacillin, 26, 282, 323 Piperidines, 251, 252 π-stacking, 133 Pivampicillin, 23, 24, 377 Platinum nanoparticles (PtNP), 315 Pneumococcal meningitis, 18 Pneumonia, 5, 19 Polarizability, 354, 357 Polar surface area (PSA), 354, 357 Polyaromatic amines, 133 Polyaromatic nitro derivatives, 134 Polycyclic beta-lactams, 46 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), 212 (-)-Polyoxamic acid, 84, 244
398 Index
https://t.me/med1917
Polyoxamic Acid, 84 Polypeptides, 363 Polysaccharides, 322 Polyvinylpyr rolidone (PVP), 308 Porcine pancreatic lipase (PPE), 266 Potassium clavulanate, 40 Principal component analysis (PCA), 377 Proline polypeptides, 250, 251 Prostate-specic antigens (PSAs), 63
Proteus sp., 3, 4, 6, 12, 16
P. mirabilis, 311 P. vulgaris, 31
Providencia sp., 12
Pseudo-dilution effect, 19 4
Pseudomonas sp., 3, 4, 12, 16, 290
P. aeruginosa, 5, 12, 26, 272, 278, 279, 284, 311, 313,
322, 372
P. chrysogenum, 278 P. ru be ns, 278
Pyrazine-2,3-dione derivatives, 254 Pyrazolopyridines, 345 Pyr role derivatives, 250, 251 3-Pyrrole-functionalized β-lactams, 150 Pyrrole-substituted-β-lactams, 113 4-Pyrrolidinopyridine, 115 Pyrrolizidines, 246
Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR),
354, 365 Quinazolinones, 345 Quinolones, 345, 382
Racemic compound, 351 Ramsay, William, 163 Rayleigh–Schrodinger perturbation theory (RS-PT), 352 Reactive oxygen species (ROS), 307 Recife model 1 (R M1), 341, 348 Recurrent neural networks (RNNs), 375 Reformatsky reaction, 97, 117, 145 Reinforcement learning, 373 Resin-bound imines, 201 Resin-bound phenoxy acetic acid, 19 6 Retro-Mannich process, 256 Retrospective cohort analysis, 383 Rifamycins, 363 Rigby, J.H., 81 Rimoldi, I., 117 Ring expansion reactions, 57 Rokade, Y., 58 Rosenblum, S.B., 64
S-adenosylhomocysteine, 3 Sakamoto, M., 101 Salmonella sp., 12, 31, 314 Samarium metal-induced reduction, 134 Sanfetrinem, 41 Saturated compound, 138 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 309, 313 Semiempirical quantum chemistry method, 339 Semi-supervised learning, 373 Semisynthetic antibiotics, 19
Semisynthetic cephalosporins, 2 Semisynthetic penicillins, 278 Sepsis, 5 Septic arthritis, 19 Serine, 273
Serratia, 6 Serratia marcescens, 12
Setti, E. L., 68 Shah, S. K., 60 Shaikh, A.L., 111 Shan kar, B.B., 96 Shigella sp., 12 Siamese neural networks (SNNs), 366 Siderophore-conjugated monocarbams, 16 –17 Siderophore-conjugated monosulfactams, 17 Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), 367 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), 308 Skin tests (STs), 382 Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 308 Sodium iodide, 170 Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), 305 Solid-phase method, 116 , 209 Solid support, 103 SPA R TA N 18, 339, 341, 345, 348, 351 Spirocyclopropane, 81 Stacked autoencoder (SAE), 367 Staphylex, 20 Staphylococcal endocarditis, 21 Staphylococcal penicillinase, 19
Staphylococcus infections, 344 Staphylococcus sp., 4, 27, 270
S. aureus, 12, 19, 311–313, 382 S. marcescens, 279 S. pneumoniae, 271, 294
Staudinger, Hermann, 1 Staudinger cycloaddition, 57, 72 Staudinger reaction, 196, 198, 199
least unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), 228 mechanism of, 227–240
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 376 Stereospecic trans β-lactams, 83 Steroids, 79
Streptococcus sp., 27, 31, 270
S. pneumoniae, 12, 23, 367 S. pyogenes, 23
Streptogram ins, 363 Streptomyces sp., 15 Streptomycin, 4, 308, 316 Strominger, J. L., 270 structural modications, 66 Structure–activity relationships (SARs), 72, 132, 354 Structure–property–activity relationships (SPARs), 354 3-Substituted 4-carboethoxy-β-lactams., 169 Subudhi and Ghosh, 70 Sugar-derived imines, 83 Sugar-derived vinyl ethers, 80 Sugar imines, 84 Sugars, 81 Sulbactam, 41, 55 Sulfanil amide-derived heterocyclic compounds, 70 Sulfonamides, 363
399 Index
https://t.me/med1917
Sulperazon, 41 Sun, L., 66 Supervised learning, 373 Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), 366 Suslick, Kenneth S., 163
Tabtoxin, 7–12 Tabtoxinine-beta-lactam, 9, 10 Talampicillin, 23, 24 Tang Y., 110 Tartaric acid derivatives, 93, 98 Taxoid s, 338 Taxol , 86 Taxol (paclitaxel), 338 Taxotere (docetaxel), 338 Tazo bac t am, 41, 55 Tebipenem, 38, 39, 284, 290 Tedizolid, 363 Temocillin, 23, 25, 279 TensorFlow deep learning, 365 Tetracyclic beta-lactams, 46 Tetracyclic indolizidinones, 247 Tetracycline, 4, 308 Tetrahydroazocinones, 256 Tetrahydrofurfurylamine, 204 Tetrahydropyridines, 255 2,3,4 ,6-te tra-O -acet yl-β- D-gal actos amine , 85 Tetraoxanes, 345 Thiazolidine, 2, 290 Thiazolidine ring, 344, 345 Thienamycin, 84, 85, 284, 337, 345, 347 Thietane β-lactams, 101 Thiruvazhi, M., 107 Threonine, 96 Thrombin inhibitor, 55 Ticarcillin, 23, 25, 279, 282 Tigecycline, 363 Tipper, D. J., 270 Titanocene monochloride (Cp2 TiCl), 10 2 Topoisomerase inhibitors, 133 Tosyl isocyanate, 80
trans-alpha-hydroxy-beta-lactams, 343 trans-esterication reaction, 245
Transglycosylase, 270 Transition dipole moment, 337 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 308, 271,
273, 377 Transmission Fourier transform infrared (tFTIR), 377 Transpeptidase, 270 Triazene esters, 210 Triazolo-oxazepine β-lactam, 175 Tribac tams, 79, 104 Trichoderma viride, 308 Tricyclic beta-lactam, 42, 46 Tricyclic cycloaromatized compound, 250 Triethylamine, 146 Triuoroacetic Acid (TFA), 244 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzylamine, 204 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl ring, 60 2-Trimethylsilyl)thiazole (TMST), 258 Tripodi, F., 67
1,4,4-Trisubstituted 2-azetidinones, 200 1,3,4-Trisubstituted beta-lactams, 19 9 Turos, E., 60, 132
Ultrasound-assisted reactions
advantages of, 163 applications in, 162 ultrasound-induced principles, 163
Ultrasound-induced synthesis
aromatic rings, 177–178 ferrocenyl β-lactams, 182 –183 hydrogenation, 178 –181 indium metal, 181 intramolecular oxa-Michael reaction, 172 –174 polycyclic β-lactams, 175, 181–182
pyrrole-fused beta-lactams, 171–172 Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, 309, 320 Unsaturated acid chlorides, 135 3-Unsubstituted-4-acyloxy-β-lactam, 246 3-Unsubstituted NH-β-lactams, 80, 81 Unsupervised learning, 373 Uracil der ivatives, 247, 248 Ureidopenicillins, 23 4-Ureido trinems, 45 Urinary tract infection (UTI), 366 Urinary tract infections, 5 Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), 366 UV-Vis, see ultravoilet-visible spectrum
Vancomycin, 313, 316, 363 Vassilev, N.G., 116 Veinberg, G, 62, 70 Vicario, J.L., 102 Vilsmeier reagent, 195, 196 Vinyl ethers, 2 61 Vinyl-β-lactams, 16 8 Vitek-2 system, 316
Wakselman, M., 72 Water-soluble CA4 analogues, 72 World Health Organization (WHO), 18, 321, 326 Woulfe, S. R., 68
X-ray diffractogram (XRD), 308, 313 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 313, 320 Xu, X., 72
Yamamoto, Y., 95 Yeast, 4 Yersinia enterocolitica, 12 Young, Sydney, 163
Z-Aldimine 5 derivative, 340 Z-Aldimine 7 derivative, 340 Z-Imines, 340 Zinc, 114 Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), 317 Z. mays, 9 Zwitterionic system, 256