The removal of prosthetic materials is becoming a frequent type of surgical intervention. Those whose vested interests are being threatened are clamoring that there is no evidence that such “drastic” measures are of any benefit. Of course there will be none. The world is just realizing that when unbearable pain becomes an issue, mesh removal would appear to be a logical answer [2, 45–51]. Removals have thus begun. Several studies have now been reported and confirming with impres­sive results in two-thirds of the cases or more. The problem does exist. The literature covering the many forms of nonsur­gical management have become legend but with little benefit as most pain clinics are reporting to the embarrassment of many surgeons [2, 52–60]. The largest series of explants was reported by Klosterhalfen and Klinge and covered recur­rences, pain, and infection [47]. Another series covering pain only and mesh removal was presented by Kevin Petersen (USA) [61] at the first World Conference on Abdominal Wall hernia surgery, on April 26, 2015, in Milan, Italy. Petersen reported on 114 consecutive mesh removals for severe pain, 67 males and 21 females. Follow-up of 76 % up to 6 years (average 23.5 months). Operations were for groin, incisional, umbilical hernias. In summary: 18 % were cured; 47 % were much better; 23 % a little better; 8 % had no change; 3 % a little worse; 1 % much worse. What is becoming apparent is that the later surgery is instituted for pain relief, the more difficult the task becomes. For those who show no improvement, the mechanism of phantom pain types of mechanism must be evoked and those can be challenging.