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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5797_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
Outline
With the increase of ultrasound transducer frequency, the use of ultrasound
gradually expands to the more supercial organs or tissues, which greatly
promotes the application of ultrasound in skin diseases. In recent years, our
team has carried out a lot of clinical research in the eld of skin ultrasound.
The results are innovative and valuable and this book presents the clinical
research and practice results in the latest several years.
This book introduces the basic knowledge of skin ultrasound, including
the imaging principle, methodology, observation items, image interpretation,
and so on. The ultrasound manifestation of normal skin and various skin diseases are described and the diagnostic criteria are proposed. In addition, the
brand new mode of diagnosis and treatment for skin diseases is introduced.
The content of this book is concise, illustrated, informative, and easy to
understand. It is a rare and excellent tool book for ultrasound doctors and
dermatologists who are interested in carrying out skin ultrasound diagnosis.
The Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center is an important
part of Shanghai’s science and technology innovation system. It is established
to carry out engineering research and development, breakthrough industry
commonality and key technologies, accelerate the transfer, promotion, and
distribution of scientic and technological achievements, and lead the industry’s technological progress. It is an important base for enhancing the city’s
technological innovation capability of strategic emerging industries. It also
plays a fundamental role in promoting the innovation-driven development of
this city.
The Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center of Ultrasound
Diagnosis and Treatment is an important part of Shanghai’s acceleration of
the construction of a scientic and technological innovation center with
global inuence. The center is aimed to promote the basic R&D and clinical
development of ultrasound engineering technology. At the same time, it is
also an important base for technology promotion, cultivating leading talents,
and academic cooperation and exchanges. The center is established with the
approval of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality
in 2019.
This book is organized by the Shanghai Engineering Technology Research
Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment.
xi
Preface
Skin disease has gradually become a major public health problem due to a
large number of patients and impact on their physical and mental health.
There are more than 6000 kinds of skin diseases, and the prevalence rate of
the population is nearly 100%. In the United States, the annual medical
expenses caused by skin diseases are as high as $75billion. Facing the huge
medical demand, although the traditional diagnostic method based on naked
eye is easy to perform, it is difcult to meet the requirements of accurate
diagnosis. Although skin biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of skin
diseases, it is invasive, time-consuming, and expensive, which increases the
cost and is difcult to apply on a large scale.
Noninvasive skin imaging technologies, such as dermoscopy, confocal
laser scanning microscope, and high-frequency ultrasound, have emerged
one after another, making up for the shortcomings of naked eye and skin
biopsy. Among them, skin ultrasound has not attracted extensive attention.
The reason is that the frequency of the traditional ultrasound transducer is
relatively low (<15MHz), which is difcult to display the supercial and tiny
structures of the skin. In recent years, the transducer frequency has developed
from 20MHz, 30MHz to 50MHz or even 70MHz, and it gradually has the
ability to display the tiny structures of skin. Therefore, it has become a hotspot
in the skin imaging technology. Compared with dermoscopy, high-frequency
ultrasound can evaluate skin diseases on the vertical scale, providing important information below the skin surface.
Based on our experience in skin high-frequency ultrasound diagnosis for
several years, we deeply realize the difculty to master this technique, especially for the beginners. Skin ultrasound is closely associated with two disciplines: dermatology and ultrasound medicine. The long-term lack of
intersection between the two has increased the difculty of getting started
with skin ultrasound. And a professional textbook is lack at present.
Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University is a well-known tertiary dermatology hospital in China, attracting a large number of patients with various
skin diseases. Based on this, we have accumulated thousands of complete
ultrasound image data of skin diseases conrmed by pathology. Therefore,
we summarized our cases into this book, so as to achieve a close combination
of dermatology, pathology, and ultrasound images.
This book was organized by the Shanghai Engineering Technology
Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment. Many doctors have
devoted a lot of time to the publication of this book. At the same time, many
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xiv
experts have given help and guidance to our work. We would like to express
my heartfelt thanks. We hope this book will support the beginners to carry out
skin ultrasound examinations, and further delivering high-quality service to
patients. As the ultrasound diagnostic standards for many skin diseases have
not been established, some common skin diseases are not included because it
is difcult to obtain pathological diagnosis. Because the level of editors is
limited, omissions are inevitable, the criticism and correction from readers
and experts will help us to improve in future editions.
Shanghai, China HuixiongXu
Shanghai, China LehangGuo
Shanghai, China QiaoWang
August 2021
Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital
Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital
Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center of Ultrasound
Diagnosis and Treatment
Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine
Tongji University
Preface
Contents
1 Overview of Skin Ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Hui-Xiong Xu, Le-Hang Guo, Xiao-Long Li, Qiao Wang,
Feng-Shan Jin, Zi-Tong Chen, and Kun Zhang
2 Anatomy and Ultrasound Manifestation of Normal Skin . . . . . . 37
Wei-Wei Ren, Li-Fan Wang, An-Qi Zhu, Chong-Ke Zhao,
and Yi-Feng Zhang
3 Other Imaging Techniques for Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
An-Qi Zhu, Hui-Xiong Xu, Le-Hang Guo, Li-Fan Wang,
Qiao Wang, Li-Ping Sun, Hui Shi, and Pei-Ru Wang
4 Terminology, Image Interpretation, and Artifacts
for Skin Ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Hui-Xiong Xu, Le-Hang Guo, An-Qi Zhu, Dan- Dan Shan,
and Qiao Wang
5 Skin Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Le-Hang Guo, Hui-Xiong Xu, Qiao Wang, An- Qi Zhu,
Li-Fan Wang, Wei-Wei Ren, Xiao-Long Li, Dan-Dan Shan,
Ye-Qiang Liu, Jian-Na Yan, Liang Li, Jia Chen,
and Pei-Ru Wang
6 Non-tumorous Skin Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Qiao Wang, Xiao-Long Li, Le-Hang Guo, Hui Shi,
and Hong-Yan Chen
7 Skin Aging and Plastic Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Xiao-Long Li, Le-Hang Guo, Jia-Xin Li, Hui- Xiong Xu,
Wei-Wei Ren, Dan-Dan Shan, Yun- Chao Chen,
and Zi-Tong Chen
8 Future Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Le-Hang Guo, Hui-Xiong Xu, Qian Cheng, Yun- Chao Chen,
and Zi-Tong Chen
Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
xv
List of Editors and Contributors
Honorary Editor-in-Chief
WeiqiWang Biomedical Engineering Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai,
China
Lianfang Du Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai General
Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai,
China
Editor-in-Chief
Huixiong Xu Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Skin Disease
Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital,
Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji
University, Shanghai, China
Lehang Guo Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Skin Disease
Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Qiao Wang Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Skin Disease
Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital,
Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji
University, Shanghai, China
Associate Editor
Anqi Zhu Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai, China
xvii
xviii
List of Editors and Contributors
WeiweiRen Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai, China
XiaolongLi Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Yeqiang Liu Department of Pathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital,
School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Editor-in-Chief
HuixiongXu, MD, PhD
Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University,
Shanghai, China
Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis
and Treatment, Shanghai, China
Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji
University, Shanghai, China
Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Tongji University,
Shanghai, China
Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School
of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital,
School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Center of Minimal Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Tongji University Cancer
Center, Shanghai, China
List of Editors and Contributors
Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital,
Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji
University, Shanghai, China
Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital,
Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji
University, Shanghai, China
xix
LehangGuo, MD, PhD
QiaoWang, MD
Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital,
Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji
University, Shanghai, China
Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital,
Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji
University, Shanghai, China
xx
List of Editors and Contributors
Associated Editor
AnqiZhu, MD
Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital,
Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji
University, Shanghai, China
WeiweiRen, MD
Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital,
Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji
University, Shanghai, China
List of Editors and Contributors
Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital,
Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji
University, Shanghai, China
xxi
XiaolongLi, MD, PhD
YeqiangLiu, MD, PhD
Department of Pathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of
Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Contributors
Hongyan Chen Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Minhang District
Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
JiaChen Department of Pathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School
of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Yunchao Chen Department of Medical Ultrasound, Xiang’an Hospital,
Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
ZitongChen Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai, China
xxii
List of Editors and Contributors
QianCheng School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University,
Shanghai, China
FengshanJin Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Jiaxin Li Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Liang Li Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Skin Disease
Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
DandanShan Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Hui Shi Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Liping Sun Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai, China
LifanWang Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai, China
PeiruWang Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital,
School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
JiannaYan Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Skin Disease
Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
KunZhang Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai, China
YifengZhang Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai, China
ChongkeZhao Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, School of Medicine,
Tongji University, Shanghai, China